diff --git a/web/admin-spa/src/views/AccountsView.vue b/web/admin-spa/src/views/AccountsView.vue
index 7a868b26..01734bc8 100644
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/views/AccountsView.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/views/AccountsView.vue
@@ -2124,19 +2124,91 @@ const sortOptions = ref([
   { value: 'rateLimitTime', label: '按限流时间排序', icon: 'fa-hourglass' }
 ])
 
-const platformOptions = ref([
-  { value: 'all', label: '所有平台', icon: 'fa-globe' },
-  { value: 'claude', label: 'Claude', icon: 'fa-brain' },
-  { value: 'claude-console', label: 'Claude Console', icon: 'fa-terminal' },
-  { value: 'gemini', label: 'Gemini', icon: 'fab fa-google' },
-  { value: 'gemini-api', label: 'Gemini API', icon: 'fa-key' },
-  { value: 'openai', label: 'OpenAi', icon: 'fa-openai' },
-  { value: 'azure_openai', label: 'Azure OpenAI', icon: 'fab fa-microsoft' },
-  { value: 'bedrock', label: 'Bedrock', icon: 'fab fa-aws' },
-  { value: 'openai-responses', label: 'OpenAI-Responses', icon: 'fa-server' },
-  { value: 'ccr', label: 'CCR', icon: 'fa-code-branch' },
-  { value: 'droid', label: 'Droid', icon: 'fa-robot' }
-])
+// 平台层级结构定义
+const platformHierarchy = [
+  {
+    value: 'group-claude',
+    label: 'Claude（全部）',
+    icon: 'fa-brain',
+    children: [
+      { value: 'claude', label: 'Claude 官方/OAuth', icon: 'fa-brain' },
+      { value: 'claude-console', label: 'Claude Console', icon: 'fa-terminal' },
+      { value: 'bedrock', label: 'Bedrock', icon: 'fab fa-aws' },
+      { value: 'ccr', label: 'CCR Relay', icon: 'fa-code-branch' }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    value: 'group-openai',
+    label: 'Codex / OpenAI（全部）',
+    icon: 'fa-openai',
+    children: [
+      { value: 'openai', label: 'OpenAI 官方', icon: 'fa-openai' },
+      { value: 'openai-responses', label: 'OpenAI-Responses (Codex)', icon: 'fa-server' },
+      { value: 'azure_openai', label: 'Azure OpenAI', icon: 'fab fa-microsoft' }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    value: 'group-gemini',
+    label: 'Gemini（全部）',
+    icon: 'fab fa-google',
+    children: [
+      { value: 'gemini', label: 'Gemini OAuth', icon: 'fab fa-google' },
+      { value: 'gemini-api', label: 'Gemini API', icon: 'fa-key' }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    value: 'group-droid',
+    label: 'Droid（全部）',
+    icon: 'fa-robot',
+    children: [{ value: 'droid', label: 'Droid', icon: 'fa-robot' }]
+  }
+]
+
+// 平台分组映射
+const platformGroupMap = {
+  'group-claude': ['claude', 'claude-console', 'bedrock', 'ccr'],
+  'group-openai': ['openai', 'openai-responses', 'azure_openai'],
+  'group-gemini': ['gemini', 'gemini-api'],
+  'group-droid': ['droid']
+}
+
+// 平台请求处理器
+const platformRequestHandlers = {
+  claude: (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/claude-accounts', { params }),
+  'claude-console': (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/claude-console-accounts', { params }),
+  bedrock: (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/bedrock-accounts', { params }),
+  gemini: (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/gemini-accounts', { params }),
+  openai: (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/openai-accounts', { params }),
+  azure_openai: (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/azure-openai-accounts', { params }),
+  'openai-responses': (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/openai-responses-accounts', { params }),
+  ccr: (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/ccr-accounts', { params }),
+  droid: (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/droid-accounts', { params }),
+  'gemini-api': (params) => apiClient.get('/admin/gemini-api-accounts', { params })
+}
+
+const allPlatformKeys = Object.keys(platformRequestHandlers)
+
+// 根据过滤器获取需要加载的平台列表
+const getPlatformsForFilter = (filter) => {
+  if (filter === 'all') return allPlatformKeys
+  if (platformGroupMap[filter]) return platformGroupMap[filter]
+  if (allPlatformKeys.includes(filter)) return [filter]
+  return allPlatformKeys
+}
+
+// 平台选项（两级结构）
+const platformOptions = computed(() => {
+  const options = [{ value: 'all', label: '所有平台', icon: 'fa-globe', indent: 0 }]
+
+  platformHierarchy.forEach((group) => {
+    options.push({ ...group, indent: 0, isGroup: true })
+    group.children?.forEach((child) => {
+      options.push({ ...child, indent: 1, parent: group.value })
+    })
+  })
+
+  return options
+})
 
 const statusOptions = ref([
   { value: 'normal', label: '正常', icon: 'fa-check-circle' },
@@ -2696,190 +2768,14 @@ const loadAccounts = async (forceReload = false) => {
   try {
     // 构建查询参数（用于其他筛选情况）
     const params = {}
-    if (platformFilter.value !== 'all') {
+    if (platformFilter.value !== 'all' && !platformGroupMap[platformFilter.value]) {
       params.platform = platformFilter.value
     }
     if (groupFilter.value !== 'all') {
       params.groupId = groupFilter.value
     }
 
-    // 根据平台筛选决定需要请求哪些接口
-    const requests = []
-
-    if (platformFilter.value === 'all') {
-      // 请求所有平台
-      requests.push(
-        apiClient.get('/admin/claude-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/claude-console-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/bedrock-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/gemini-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/openai-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/azure-openai-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/openai-responses-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/ccr-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/droid-accounts', { params }),
-        apiClient.get('/admin/gemini-api-accounts', { params })
-      )
-    } else {
-      // 只请求指定平台，其他平台设为null占位
-      switch (platformFilter.value) {
-        case 'claude':
-          requests.push(
-            apiClient.get('/admin/claude-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure-openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'claude-console':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/claude-console-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure-openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'bedrock':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/bedrock-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure-openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'gemini':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/gemini-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure-openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'openai':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/openai-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure-openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'azure_openai':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/azure-openai-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'openai-responses':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure-openai 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/openai-responses-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'ccr':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/ccr-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'droid':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/droid-accounts', { params }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }) // gemini-api 占位
-          )
-          break
-        case 'gemini-api':
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // claude-console 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // bedrock 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // gemini 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // azure-openai 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // openai-responses 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // ccr 占位
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }), // droid 占位
-            apiClient.get('/admin/gemini-api-accounts', { params })
-          )
-          break
-        default:
-          // 默认情况下返回空数组
-          requests.push(
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] }),
-            Promise.resolve({ success: true, data: [] })
-          )
-          break
-      }
-    }
+    const platformsToFetch = getPlatformsForFilter(platformFilter.value)
 
     // 使用缓存机制加载绑定计数和分组数据（不再加载完整的 API Keys 数据）
     await Promise.all([loadBindingCounts(forceReload), loadAccountGroups(forceReload)])
@@ -2887,125 +2783,137 @@ const loadAccounts = async (forceReload = false) => {
     // 后端账户API已经包含分组信息，不需要单独加载分组成员关系
     // await loadGroupMembers(forceReload)
 
-    const [
-      claudeData,
-      claudeConsoleData,
-      bedrockData,
-      geminiData,
-      openaiData,
-      azureOpenaiData,
-      openaiResponsesData,
-      ccrData,
-      droidData,
-      geminiApiData
-    ] = await Promise.all(requests)
+    const platformResults = await Promise.all(
+      platformsToFetch.map(async (platform) => {
+        const handler = platformRequestHandlers[platform]
+        if (!handler) {
+          return { platform, success: true, data: [] }
+        }
 
-    const allAccounts = []
-
-    // 获取绑定计数数据
-    const counts = bindingCounts.value
-
-    if (claudeData.success) {
-      const claudeAccounts = (claudeData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.claudeAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'claude', boundApiKeysCount }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...claudeAccounts)
-    }
-
-    if (claudeConsoleData.success) {
-      const claudeConsoleAccounts = (claudeConsoleData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.claudeConsoleAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'claude-console', boundApiKeysCount }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...claudeConsoleAccounts)
-    }
-
-    if (bedrockData.success) {
-      const bedrockAccounts = (bedrockData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // Bedrock账户暂时不支持直接绑定
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'bedrock', boundApiKeysCount: 0 }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...bedrockAccounts)
-    }
-
-    if (geminiData.success) {
-      const geminiAccounts = (geminiData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.geminiAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'gemini', boundApiKeysCount }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...geminiAccounts)
-    }
-    if (openaiData.success) {
-      const openaiAccounts = (openaiData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.openaiAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'openai', boundApiKeysCount }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...openaiAccounts)
-    }
-    if (azureOpenaiData && azureOpenaiData.success) {
-      const azureOpenaiAccounts = (azureOpenaiData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.azureOpenaiAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'azure_openai', boundApiKeysCount }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...azureOpenaiAccounts)
-    }
-
-    if (openaiResponsesData && openaiResponsesData.success) {
-      const openaiResponsesAccounts = (openaiResponsesData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        // OpenAI-Responses账户使用 responses: 前缀
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.openaiAccountId?.[`responses:${acc.id}`] || 0
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'openai-responses', boundApiKeysCount }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...openaiResponsesAccounts)
-    }
-
-    // CCR 账户
-    if (ccrData && ccrData.success) {
-      const ccrAccounts = (ccrData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // CCR 不支持 API Key 绑定，固定为 0
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'ccr', boundApiKeysCount: 0 }
-      })
-      allAccounts.push(...ccrAccounts)
-    }
-
-    // Droid 账户
-    if (droidData && droidData.success) {
-      const droidAccounts = (droidData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.droidAccountId?.[acc.id] || acc.boundApiKeysCount || 0
-        return {
-          ...acc,
-          platform: 'droid',
-          boundApiKeysCount
+        try {
+          const res = await handler(params)
+          return { platform, success: res?.success, data: res?.data }
+        } catch (error) {
+          console.debug(`Failed to load ${platform} accounts:`, error)
+          return { platform, success: false, data: [] }
         }
       })
-      allAccounts.push(...droidAccounts)
+    )
+
+    const allAccounts = []
+    const counts = bindingCounts.value || {}
+    let openaiResponsesRaw = []
+
+    const appendAccounts = (platform, data) => {
+      if (!data || data.length === 0) return
+
+      switch (platform) {
+        case 'claude': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => {
+            const boundApiKeysCount = counts.claudeAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
+            return { ...acc, platform: 'claude', boundApiKeysCount }
+          })
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'claude-console': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => {
+            const boundApiKeysCount = counts.claudeConsoleAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
+            return { ...acc, platform: 'claude-console', boundApiKeysCount }
+          })
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'bedrock': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => ({ ...acc, platform: 'bedrock', boundApiKeysCount: 0 }))
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'gemini': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => {
+            const boundApiKeysCount = counts.geminiAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
+            return { ...acc, platform: 'gemini', boundApiKeysCount }
+          })
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'openai': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => {
+            const boundApiKeysCount = counts.openaiAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
+            return { ...acc, platform: 'openai', boundApiKeysCount }
+          })
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'azure_openai': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => {
+            const boundApiKeysCount = counts.azureOpenaiAccountId?.[acc.id] || 0
+            return { ...acc, platform: 'azure_openai', boundApiKeysCount }
+          })
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'openai-responses': {
+          openaiResponsesRaw = data
+          break
+        }
+        case 'ccr': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => ({ ...acc, platform: 'ccr', boundApiKeysCount: 0 }))
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'droid': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => {
+            const boundApiKeysCount = counts.droidAccountId?.[acc.id] || acc.boundApiKeysCount || 0
+            return { ...acc, platform: 'droid', boundApiKeysCount }
+          })
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        case 'gemini-api': {
+          const items = data.map((acc) => {
+            const boundApiKeysCount = counts.geminiAccountId?.[`api:${acc.id}`] || 0
+            return { ...acc, platform: 'gemini-api', boundApiKeysCount }
+          })
+          allAccounts.push(...items)
+          break
+        }
+        default:
+          break
+      }
     }
 
-    // Gemini API 账户
-    if (geminiApiData && geminiApiData.success) {
-      const geminiApiAccounts = (geminiApiData.data || []).map((acc) => {
-        // 从绑定计数缓存获取数量
-        // Gemini-API账户使用 api: 前缀
-        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.geminiAccountId?.[`api:${acc.id}`] || 0
-        // 后端已经包含了groupInfos，直接使用
-        return { ...acc, platform: 'gemini-api', boundApiKeysCount }
+    platformResults.forEach(({ platform, success, data }) => {
+      if (success) {
+        appendAccounts(platform, data || [])
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (openaiResponsesRaw.length > 0) {
+      let autoRecoveryConfigMap = {}
+      try {
+        const configsRes = await apiClient.get(
+          '/admin/openai-responses-accounts/auto-recovery-configs'
+        )
+        if (configsRes.success && Array.isArray(configsRes.data)) {
+          autoRecoveryConfigMap = configsRes.data.reduce((map, config) => {
+            if (config?.accountId) {
+              map[config.accountId] = config
+            }
+            return map
+          }, {})
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.debug('Failed to load auto-recovery configs:', error)
+      }
+
+      const responsesAccounts = openaiResponsesRaw.map((acc) => {
+        const boundApiKeysCount = counts.openaiAccountId?.[`responses:${acc.id}`] || 0
+        const autoRecoveryConfig = autoRecoveryConfigMap[acc.id] || acc.autoRecoveryConfig || null
+        return { ...acc, platform: 'openai-responses', boundApiKeysCount, autoRecoveryConfig }
       })
-      allAccounts.push(...geminiApiAccounts)
+
+      allAccounts.push(...responsesAccounts)
     }
 
     // 根据分组筛选器过滤账户