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docs/zh-CN/install/ansible.md
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read_when:
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- 你需要通过安全加固进行自动化服务器部署
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- 你需要带 VPN 访问的防火墙隔离设置
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- 你要部署到远程 Debian/Ubuntu 服务器
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summary: 使用 Ansible、Tailscale VPN 和防火墙隔离进行自动化、安全加固的 OpenClaw 安装
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title: Ansible
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x-i18n:
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generated_at: "2026-02-01T21:05:32Z"
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model: claude-opus-4-5
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provider: pi
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source_hash: 896807f344d923f09039f377c13b4bf4a824aa94eec35159fc169596a3493b29
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source_path: install/ansible.md
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workflow: 14
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---
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# Ansible 安装
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将 OpenClaw 部署到生产服务器的推荐方式是使用 **[openclaw-ansible](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible)** — 一个采用安全优先架构的自动化安装工具。
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## 快速开始
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一条命令安装:
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible/main/install.sh | bash
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```
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> **📦 完整指南:[github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible)**
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>
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> openclaw-ansible 仓库是 Ansible 部署的权威来源。本页面仅为简要概览。
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## 你将获得
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- 🔒 **防火墙优先的安全策略**:UFW + Docker 隔离(仅 SSH + Tailscale 可访问)
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- 🔐 **Tailscale VPN**:安全的远程访问,无需公开暴露服务
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- 🐳 **Docker**:隔离的沙箱容器,仅绑定 localhost
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- 🛡️ **纵深防御**:4 层安全架构
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- 🚀 **一条命令部署**:几分钟内完成完整部署
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- 🔧 **Systemd 集成**:开机自启并带有安全加固
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## 前置要求
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- **操作系统**:Debian 11+ 或 Ubuntu 20.04+
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- **访问权限**:Root 或 sudo 权限
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- **网络**:用于安装软件包的互联网连接
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- **Ansible**:2.14+(快速启动脚本会自动安装)
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## 安装内容
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Ansible playbook 会安装并配置以下组件:
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1. **Tailscale**(用于安全远程访问的 mesh VPN)
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2. **UFW 防火墙**(仅开放 SSH + Tailscale 端口)
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3. **Docker CE + Compose V2**(用于智能体沙箱)
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4. **Node.js 22.x + pnpm**(运行时依赖)
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5. **OpenClaw**(基于主机安装,非容器化)
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6. **Systemd 服务**(带安全加固的自动启动)
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注意:Gateway **直接运行在主机上**(不在 Docker 中),但智能体沙箱使用 Docker 进行隔离。详见 [沙箱](/gateway/sandboxing)。
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## 安装后设置
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安装完成后,切换到 openclaw 用户:
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```bash
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sudo -i -u openclaw
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```
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安装后脚本将引导你完成:
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1. **上手引导向导**:配置 OpenClaw 设置
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2. **提供商登录**:连接 WhatsApp/Telegram/Discord/Signal
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3. **Gateway 测试**:验证安装
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4. **Tailscale 设置**:连接到你的 VPN mesh 网络
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### 常用命令
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```bash
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# 检查服务状态
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sudo systemctl status openclaw
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# 查看实时日志
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sudo journalctl -u openclaw -f
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# 重启 Gateway
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sudo systemctl restart openclaw
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# 提供商登录(以 openclaw 用户运行)
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sudo -i -u openclaw
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openclaw channels login
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```
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## 安全架构
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### 4 层防御
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1. **防火墙(UFW)**:仅公开暴露 SSH (22) + Tailscale (41641/udp)
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2. **VPN(Tailscale)**:Gateway 仅可通过 VPN mesh 网络访问
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3. **Docker 隔离**:DOCKER-USER iptables 链阻止外部端口暴露
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4. **Systemd 加固**:NoNewPrivileges、PrivateTmp、非特权用户
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### 验证
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测试外部攻击面:
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```bash
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nmap -p- YOUR_SERVER_IP
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```
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应当仅显示**端口 22**(SSH)为开放状态。所有其他服务(Gateway、Docker)均已锁定。
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### Docker 可用性
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Docker 用于**智能体沙箱**(隔离的工具执行),而非运行 Gateway 本身。Gateway 仅绑定到 localhost,通过 Tailscale VPN 访问。
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沙箱配置详见 [多智能体沙箱与工具](/multi-agent-sandbox-tools)。
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## 手动安装
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如果你希望手动控制而非使用自动化:
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```bash
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# 1. 安装前置依赖
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y ansible git
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# 2. 克隆仓库
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git clone https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible.git
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cd openclaw-ansible
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# 3. 安装 Ansible 集合
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ansible-galaxy collection install -r requirements.yml
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# 4. 运行 playbook
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./run-playbook.sh
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# 或直接运行(之后手动执行 /tmp/openclaw-setup.sh)
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# ansible-playbook playbook.yml --ask-become-pass
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```
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## 更新 OpenClaw
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Ansible 安装程序将 OpenClaw 设置为手动更新。标准更新流程详见 [更新](/install/updating)。
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重新运行 Ansible playbook(例如配置变更时):
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```bash
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cd openclaw-ansible
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./run-playbook.sh
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```
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注意:此操作是幂等的,可以安全地多次运行。
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## 故障排除
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### 防火墙阻止了我的连接
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如果你被锁定在外:
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- 确保先通过 Tailscale VPN 访问
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- SSH 访问(端口 22)始终是允许的
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- Gateway **仅**可通过 Tailscale 访问,这是设计如此
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### 服务无法启动
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```bash
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# 检查日志
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sudo journalctl -u openclaw -n 100
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# 验证权限
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sudo ls -la /opt/openclaw
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# 测试手动启动
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sudo -i -u openclaw
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cd ~/openclaw
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pnpm start
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```
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### Docker 沙箱问题
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```bash
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# 验证 Docker 是否运行
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sudo systemctl status docker
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# 检查沙箱镜像
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sudo docker images | grep openclaw-sandbox
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# 如果缺少沙箱镜像则构建
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cd /opt/openclaw/openclaw
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sudo -u openclaw ./scripts/sandbox-setup.sh
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```
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### 提供商登录失败
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确保你以 `openclaw` 用户运行:
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```bash
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sudo -i -u openclaw
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openclaw channels login
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```
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## 高级配置
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有关详细的安全架构和故障排除:
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- [安全架构](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible/blob/main/docs/security.md)
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- [技术细节](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible/blob/main/docs/architecture.md)
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- [故障排除指南](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md)
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## 相关内容
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- [openclaw-ansible](https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw-ansible) — 完整部署指南
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- [Docker](/install/docker) — 容器化 Gateway 设置
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- [沙箱](/gateway/sandboxing) — 智能体沙箱配置
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- [多智能体沙箱与工具](/multi-agent-sandbox-tools) — 按智能体隔离
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