chore: We have a sleep at home. The sleep at home:

src/agents/bash-tools.exec.background-abort.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { afterEach, expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.ts";
 import {
   getFinishedSession,
   getSession,
@@ -7,8 +8,6 @@ import {
 import { createExecTool } from "./bash-tools.exec";
 import { killProcessTree } from "./shell-utils";
 
-const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-
 afterEach(() => {
   resetProcessRegistryForTests();
 });

src/agents/bash-tools.process.send-keys.test.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import { afterEach, expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { sleep } from "../utils";
 import { resetProcessRegistryForTests } from "./bash-process-registry";
 import { createExecTool } from "./bash-tools.exec";
 import { createProcessTool } from "./bash-tools.process";
 
-const wait = (ms: number) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-
 afterEach(() => {
   resetProcessRegistryForTests();
 });
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ test("process send-keys encodes Enter for pty sessions", async () => {
 
   const deadline = Date.now() + (process.platform === "win32" ? 4000 : 2000);
   while (Date.now() < deadline) {
-    await wait(50);
+    await sleep(50);
     const poll = await processTool.execute("toolcall", { action: "poll", sessionId });
     const details = poll.details as { status?: string; aggregated?: string };
     if (details.status !== "running") {
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ test("process submit sends Enter for pty sessions", async () => {
 
   const deadline = Date.now() + (process.platform === "win32" ? 4000 : 2000);
   while (Date.now() < deadline) {
-    await wait(50);
+    await sleep(50);
     const poll = await processTool.execute("toolcall", { action: "poll", sessionId });
     const details = poll.details as { status?: string; aggregated?: string };
     if (details.status !== "running") {

src/agents/bash-tools.test.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { peekSystemEvents, resetSystemEventsForTest } from "../infra/system-events.js";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import { getFinishedSession, resetProcessRegistryForTests } from "./bash-process-registry.js";
 import { createExecTool, createProcessTool, execTool, processTool } from "./bash-tools.js";
 import { buildDockerExecArgs } from "./bash-tools.shared.js";
@@ -45,8 +46,6 @@ const normalizeText = (value?: string) =>
     .join("\n")
     .trim();
 
-const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-
 async function waitForCompletion(sessionId: string) {
   let status = "running";
   const deadline = Date.now() + (process.platform === "win32" ? 8000 : 2000);

src/agents/claude-cli-runner.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import { runClaudeCliAgent } from "./claude-cli-runner.js";
 
 const runCommandWithTimeoutMock = vi.fn();
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ async function waitForCalls(mockFn: { mock: { calls: unknown[][] } }, count: num
     if (mockFn.mock.calls.length >= count) {
       return;
     }
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
   }
   throw new Error(`Expected ${count} calls, got ${mockFn.mock.calls.length}`);
 }

src/agents/openclaw-tools.sessions.test.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ vi.mock("../config/config.js", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 
 import "./test-helpers/fast-core-tools.js";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import { createOpenClawTools } from "./openclaw-tools.js";
 
 const waitForCalls = async (getCount: () => number, count: number, timeoutMs = 2000) => {
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ const waitForCalls = async (getCount: () => number, count: number, timeoutMs = 2
     if (Date.now() - start > timeoutMs) {
       throw new Error(`timed out waiting for ${count} calls`);
     }
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
   }
 };
 
@@ -185,7 +186,10 @@ describe("sessions tools", () => {
     const sessionId = "sess-group";
     const targetKey = "agent:main:discord:channel:1457165743010611293";
     callGatewayMock.mockImplementation(async (opts: unknown) => {
-      const request = opts as { method?: string; params?: Record<string, unknown> };
+      const request = opts as {
+        method?: string;
+        params?: Record<string, unknown>;
+      };
       if (request.method === "sessions.resolve") {
         return {
           key: targetKey,
@@ -388,7 +392,10 @@ describe("sessions tools", () => {
     const sessionId = "sess-send";
     const targetKey = "agent:main:discord:channel:123";
     callGatewayMock.mockImplementation(async (opts: unknown) => {
-      const request = opts as { method?: string; params?: Record<string, unknown> };
+      const request = opts as {
+        method?: string;
+        params?: Record<string, unknown>;
+      };
       if (request.method === "sessions.resolve") {
         return { key: targetKey };
       }
@@ -514,8 +521,8 @@ describe("sessions tools", () => {
       status: "ok",
       reply: "initial",
     });
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
 
     const agentCalls = calls.filter((call) => call.method === "agent");
     expect(agentCalls).toHaveLength(4);

src/agents/openclaw-tools.subagents.sessions-spawn-announces-agent-wait-lifecycle-events.test.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ vi.mock("../config/config.js", async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 
 import "./test-helpers/fast-core-tools.js";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import { createOpenClawTools } from "./openclaw-tools.js";
 import { resetSubagentRegistryForTests } from "./subagent-registry.js";
 
@@ -107,9 +108,9 @@ describe("openclaw-tools: subagents", () => {
       runId: "run-1",
     });
 
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
 
     const childWait = waitCalls.find((call) => call.runId === childRunId);
     expect(childWait?.timeoutMs).toBe(1000);

src/agents/openclaw-tools.subagents.sessions-spawn-normalizes-allowlisted-agent-ids.test.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ vi.mock("../config/config.js", async (importOriginal) => {
 
 import { emitAgentEvent } from "../infra/agent-events.js";
 import "./test-helpers/fast-core-tools.js";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import { createOpenClawTools } from "./openclaw-tools.js";
 import { resetSubagentRegistryForTests } from "./subagent-registry.js";
 
@@ -165,7 +166,12 @@ describe("openclaw-tools: subagents", () => {
       if (request.method === "agent.wait") {
         const params = request.params as { runId?: string; timeoutMs?: number } | undefined;
         waitCalls.push(params ?? {});
-        return { runId: params?.runId ?? "run-1", status: "ok", startedAt: 1000, endedAt: 2000 };
+        return {
+          runId: params?.runId ?? "run-1",
+          status: "ok",
+          startedAt: 1000,
+          endedAt: 2000,
+        };
       }
       if (request.method === "sessions.delete") {
         const params = request.params as { key?: string } | undefined;
@@ -206,9 +212,9 @@ describe("openclaw-tools: subagents", () => {
       },
     });
 
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
 
     const childWait = waitCalls.find((call) => call.runId === childRunId);
     expect(childWait?.timeoutMs).toBe(1000);
@@ -272,7 +278,12 @@ describe("openclaw-tools: subagents", () => {
       }
       if (request.method === "agent.wait") {
         const params = request.params as { runId?: string; timeoutMs?: number } | undefined;
-        return { runId: params?.runId ?? "run-1", status: "ok", startedAt: 1000, endedAt: 2000 };
+        return {
+          runId: params?.runId ?? "run-1",
+          status: "ok",
+          startedAt: 1000,
+          endedAt: 2000,
+        };
       }
       if (request.method === "sessions.delete" || request.method === "sessions.patch") {
         return { ok: true };
@@ -312,9 +323,9 @@ describe("openclaw-tools: subagents", () => {
       },
     });
 
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
 
     const agentCalls = calls.filter((call) => call.method === "agent");
     expect(agentCalls).toHaveLength(2);

src/agents/openclaw-tools.subagents.sessions-spawn-resolves-main-announce-target-from.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.ts";
 
 const callGatewayMock = vi.fn();
 vi.mock("../gateway/call.js", () => ({
@@ -82,7 +83,12 @@ describe("openclaw-tools: subagents", () => {
       if (request.method === "agent.wait") {
         const params = request.params as { runId?: string; timeoutMs?: number } | undefined;
         waitCalls.push(params ?? {});
-        return { runId: params?.runId ?? "run-1", status: "ok", startedAt: 1000, endedAt: 2000 };
+        return {
+          runId: params?.runId ?? "run-1",
+          status: "ok",
+          startedAt: 1000,
+          endedAt: 2000,
+        };
       }
       if (request.method === "sessions.patch") {
         const params = request.params as { key?: string; label?: string } | undefined;
@@ -126,9 +132,9 @@ describe("openclaw-tools: subagents", () => {
       },
     });
 
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
 
     const childWait = waitCalls.find((call) => call.runId === childRunId);
     expect(childWait?.timeoutMs).toBe(1000);

src/auto-reply/reply/reply-dispatcher.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import type { HumanDelayConfig } from "../../config/types.js";
 import type { GetReplyOptions, ReplyPayload } from "../types.js";
 import type { ResponsePrefixContext } from "./response-prefix-template.js";
 import type { TypingController } from "./typing.js";
+import { sleep } from "../../utils.js";
 import { normalizeReplyPayload, type NormalizeReplySkipReason } from "./normalize-reply.js";
 
 export type ReplyDispatchKind = "tool" | "block" | "final";
@@ -37,9 +38,6 @@ function getHumanDelay(config: HumanDelayConfig | undefined): number {
   return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
 }
 
-/** Sleep for a given number of milliseconds. */
-const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-
 export type ReplyDispatcherOptions = {
   deliver: ReplyDispatchDeliverer;
   responsePrefix?: string;

src/channels/ack-reactions.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.ts";
 import {
   removeAckReactionAfterReply,
   shouldAckReaction,
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ describe("removeAckReactionAfterReply", () => {
       remove,
       onError,
     });
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
     expect(remove).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(onError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ describe("removeAckReactionAfterReply", () => {
       ackReactionValue: "👀",
       remove,
     });
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
     expect(remove).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ describe("removeAckReactionAfterReply", () => {
       ackReactionValue: "👀",
       remove,
     });
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
     expect(remove).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });

src/cli/ports.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
 import { resolveLsofCommandSync } from "../infra/ports-lsof.js";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 
 export type PortProcess = { pid: number; command?: string };
 
@@ -9,10 +10,6 @@ export type ForceFreePortResult = {
   escalatedToSigkill: boolean;
 };
 
-function sleep(ms: number) {
-  return new Promise<void>((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-}
-
 export function parseLsofOutput(output: string): PortProcess[] {
   const lines = output.split(/\r?\n/).filter(Boolean);
   const results: PortProcess[] = [];

src/config/sessions.test.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import {
   buildGroupDisplayName,
   deriveSessionKey,
@@ -428,7 +429,6 @@ describe("sessions", () => {
       "utf-8",
     );
 
-    const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
     await Promise.all([
       updateSessionStoreEntry({
         storePath,

src/discord/monitor.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { Guild } from "@buape/carbon";
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import {
   allowListMatches,
   buildDiscordMediaPayload,
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ describe("DiscordMessageListener", () => {
       {} as unknown as import("./monitor/listeners.js").DiscordMessageEvent,
       {} as unknown as import("@buape/carbon").Client,
     );
-    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    await sleep(0);
 
     expect(logger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining("discord handler failed"));
   });

src/gateway/server.roles-allowlist-update.e2e.test.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ vi.mock("../infra/update-runner.js", () => ({
   })),
 }));
 
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import {
   connectOk,
   installGatewayTestHooks,
@@ -43,8 +44,6 @@ afterAll(async () => {
   await server.close();
 });
 
-const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-
 const connectNodeClient = async (params: {
   port: number;
   commands: string[];

src/infra/retry.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
+
 export type RetryConfig = {
   attempts?: number;
   minDelayMs?: number;
@@ -27,8 +29,6 @@ const DEFAULT_RETRY_CONFIG = {
   jitter: 0,
 };
 
-const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
-
 const asFiniteNumber = (value: unknown): number | undefined =>
   typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) ? value : undefined;
 

src/slack/monitor/media.ts

@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ function resolveRequestUrl(input: RequestInfo | URL): string {
   if ("url" in input && typeof input.url === "string") {
     return input.url;
   }
-  return String(input);
+
+  throw new Error(`Unable to resolve request URL from input: ${JSON.stringify(input, null, 2)}`);
 }
 
 function createSlackMediaFetch(token: string): FetchLike {

src/web/auto-reply.web-auto-reply.uses-per-agent-mention-patterns-group-gating.test.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ vi.mock("../agents/pi-embedded.js", () => ({
 
 import { resetInboundDedupe } from "../auto-reply/reply/inbound-dedupe.js";
 import { resetLogger, setLoggerOverride } from "../logging.js";
+import { sleep } from "../utils.js";
 import { monitorWebChannel } from "./auto-reply.js";
 import { resetBaileysMocks, resetLoadConfigMock, setLoadConfigMock } from "./test-helpers.js";
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ const rmDirWithRetries = async (dir: string): Promise<void> => {
           ? String((err as { code?: unknown }).code)
           : null;
       if (code === "ENOTEMPTY" || code === "EBUSY" || code === "EPERM") {
-        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 25));
+        await sleep(25);
         continue;
       }
       throw err;

src/web/auto-reply/deliver-reply.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { WebInboundMsg } from "./types.js";
 import { chunkMarkdownTextWithMode, type ChunkMode } from "../../auto-reply/chunk.js";
 import { logVerbose, shouldLogVerbose } from "../../globals.js";
 import { convertMarkdownTables } from "../../markdown/tables.js";
+import { sleep } from "../../utils.js";
 import { loadWebMedia } from "../media.js";
 import { newConnectionId } from "../reconnect.js";
 import { formatError } from "../session.js";
@@ -36,8 +37,6 @@ export async function deliverWebReply(params: {
       ? [replyResult.mediaUrl]
       : [];
 
-  const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
-
   const sendWithRetry = async (fn: () => Promise<unknown>, label: string, maxAttempts = 3) => {
     let lastErr: unknown;
     for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++) {