diff --git a/src/agents/pi-tools.sandbox-mounted-paths.workspace-only.test.ts b/src/agents/pi-tools.sandbox-mounted-paths.workspace-only.test.ts
index df9817fea65..36571da8e71 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-tools.sandbox-mounted-paths.workspace-only.test.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-tools.sandbox-mounted-paths.workspace-only.test.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import type { SandboxContext } from "./sandbox.js";
-import type { SandboxFsBridge, SandboxFsStat, SandboxResolvedPath } from "./sandbox/fs-bridge.js";
+import type { SandboxFsBridge, SandboxResolvedPath } from "./sandbox/fs-bridge.js";
 import { createOpenClawCodingTools } from "./pi-tools.js";
+import { createSandboxFsBridgeFromResolver } from "./test-helpers/host-sandbox-fs-bridge.js";
 
 vi.mock("../infra/shell-env.js", async (importOriginal) => {
   const mod = await importOriginal<typeof import("../infra/shell-env.js")>();
@@ -54,54 +55,7 @@ function createUnsafeMountedBridge(params: {
     return { hostPath, relativePath, containerPath };
   };
 
-  return {
-    resolvePath: ({ filePath, cwd }) => resolvePath(filePath, cwd),
-    readFile: async ({ filePath, cwd }) => {
-      const target = resolvePath(filePath, cwd);
-      return fs.readFile(target.hostPath);
-    },
-    writeFile: async ({ filePath, cwd, data, mkdir = true }) => {
-      const target = resolvePath(filePath, cwd);
-      if (mkdir) {
-        await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(target.hostPath), { recursive: true });
-      }
-      const buffer = Buffer.isBuffer(data) ? data : Buffer.from(data);
-      await fs.writeFile(target.hostPath, buffer);
-    },
-    mkdirp: async ({ filePath, cwd }) => {
-      const target = resolvePath(filePath, cwd);
-      await fs.mkdir(target.hostPath, { recursive: true });
-    },
-    remove: async ({ filePath, cwd, recursive, force }) => {
-      const target = resolvePath(filePath, cwd);
-      await fs.rm(target.hostPath, {
-        recursive: recursive ?? false,
-        force: force ?? false,
-      });
-    },
-    rename: async ({ from, to, cwd }) => {
-      const source = resolvePath(from, cwd);
-      const target = resolvePath(to, cwd);
-      await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(target.hostPath), { recursive: true });
-      await fs.rename(source.hostPath, target.hostPath);
-    },
-    stat: async ({ filePath, cwd }) => {
-      try {
-        const target = resolvePath(filePath, cwd);
-        const stats = await fs.stat(target.hostPath);
-        return {
-          type: stats.isDirectory() ? "directory" : stats.isFile() ? "file" : "other",
-          size: stats.size,
-          mtimeMs: stats.mtimeMs,
-        } satisfies SandboxFsStat;
-      } catch (error) {
-        if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code === "ENOENT") {
-          return null;
-        }
-        throw error;
-      }
-    },
-  };
+  return createSandboxFsBridgeFromResolver(resolvePath);
 }
 
 function createSandbox(params: {
diff --git a/src/agents/test-helpers/host-sandbox-fs-bridge.ts b/src/agents/test-helpers/host-sandbox-fs-bridge.ts
index 4f3dc6bd8cd..85b22745fce 100644
--- a/src/agents/test-helpers/host-sandbox-fs-bridge.ts
+++ b/src/agents/test-helpers/host-sandbox-fs-bridge.ts
@@ -3,26 +3,9 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import type { SandboxFsBridge, SandboxFsStat, SandboxResolvedPath } from "../sandbox/fs-bridge.js";
 import { resolveSandboxPath } from "../sandbox-paths.js";
 
-export function createHostSandboxFsBridge(rootDir: string): SandboxFsBridge {
-  const root = path.resolve(rootDir);
-
-  const resolvePath = (filePath: string, cwd?: string): SandboxResolvedPath => {
-    const resolved = resolveSandboxPath({
-      filePath,
-      cwd: cwd ?? root,
-      root,
-    });
-    const relativePath = resolved.relative
-      ? resolved.relative.split(path.sep).filter(Boolean).join(path.posix.sep)
-      : "";
-    const containerPath = relativePath ? path.posix.join("/workspace", relativePath) : "/workspace";
-    return {
-      hostPath: resolved.resolved,
-      relativePath,
-      containerPath,
-    };
-  };
-
+export function createSandboxFsBridgeFromResolver(
+  resolvePath: (filePath: string, cwd?: string) => SandboxResolvedPath,
+): SandboxFsBridge {
   return {
     resolvePath: ({ filePath, cwd }) => resolvePath(filePath, cwd),
     readFile: async ({ filePath, cwd }) => {
@@ -72,3 +55,26 @@ export function createHostSandboxFsBridge(rootDir: string): SandboxFsBridge {
     },
   };
 }
+
+export function createHostSandboxFsBridge(rootDir: string): SandboxFsBridge {
+  const root = path.resolve(rootDir);
+
+  const resolvePath = (filePath: string, cwd?: string): SandboxResolvedPath => {
+    const resolved = resolveSandboxPath({
+      filePath,
+      cwd: cwd ?? root,
+      root,
+    });
+    const relativePath = resolved.relative
+      ? resolved.relative.split(path.sep).filter(Boolean).join(path.posix.sep)
+      : "";
+    const containerPath = relativePath ? path.posix.join("/workspace", relativePath) : "/workspace";
+    return {
+      hostPath: resolved.resolved,
+      relativePath,
+      containerPath,
+    };
+  };
+
+  return createSandboxFsBridgeFromResolver(resolvePath);
+}