diff --git a/src/auto-reply/reply/reply-flow.test.ts b/src/auto-reply/reply/reply-flow.test.ts
index 9eed58d5562..3f79e3e6803 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/reply/reply-flow.test.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/reply/reply-flow.test.ts
@@ -415,6 +415,7 @@ describe("parseLineDirectives", () => {
           expectedAltText: "🎵 Bohemian Rhapsody - Queen",
           expectedText: "Now playing:",
           expectFooter: true,
+          expectBodyContents: false,
         },
         {
           name: "minimal",
@@ -422,6 +423,7 @@ describe("parseLineDirectives", () => {
           expectedAltText: "🎵 Unknown Track",
           expectedText: undefined,
           expectFooter: false,
+          expectBodyContents: false,
         },
         {
           name: "paused status",
diff --git a/src/config/redact-snapshot.test.ts b/src/config/redact-snapshot.test.ts
index 627fcd94584..96e98bf3b9d 100644
--- a/src/config/redact-snapshot.test.ts
+++ b/src/config/redact-snapshot.test.ts
@@ -411,14 +411,16 @@ describe("redactConfigSnapshot", () => {
           const cfg = redacted as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
           const cfgCustom2 = cfg.custom2 as unknown as unknown[];
           expect(cfgCustom2.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-          expect((cfg.custom1.anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(REDACTED_SENTINEL);
+          expect(
+            ((cfg.custom1 as Record<string, unknown>).anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret,
+          ).toBe(REDACTED_SENTINEL);
           expect((cfgCustom2[0] as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(REDACTED_SENTINEL);
           const out = restored as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
           const outCustom2 = out.custom2 as unknown as unknown[];
           expect(outCustom2.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-          expect((out.custom1.anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(
-            "this-is-a-custom-secret-value",
-          );
+          expect(
+            ((out.custom1 as Record<string, unknown>).anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret,
+          ).toBe("this-is-a-custom-secret-value");
           expect((outCustom2[0] as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(
             "this-is-a-custom-secret-value",
           );
@@ -438,14 +440,16 @@ describe("redactConfigSnapshot", () => {
           const cfg = redacted as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
           const cfgCustom2 = cfg.custom2 as unknown as unknown[];
           expect(cfgCustom2.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-          expect((cfg.custom1.anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(REDACTED_SENTINEL);
+          expect(
+            ((cfg.custom1 as Record<string, unknown>).anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret,
+          ).toBe(REDACTED_SENTINEL);
           expect((cfgCustom2[0] as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(REDACTED_SENTINEL);
           const out = restored as Record<string, Record<string, unknown>>;
           const outCustom2 = out.custom2 as unknown as unknown[];
           expect(outCustom2.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
-          expect((out.custom1.anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(
-            "this-is-a-custom-secret-value",
-          );
+          expect(
+            ((out.custom1 as Record<string, unknown>).anykey as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret,
+          ).toBe("this-is-a-custom-secret-value");
           expect((outCustom2[0] as Record<string, unknown>).mySecret).toBe(
             "this-is-a-custom-secret-value",
           );
diff --git a/src/discord/monitor.test.ts b/src/discord/monitor.test.ts
index 4333a2e6d73..21057369b95 100644
--- a/src/discord/monitor.test.ts
+++ b/src/discord/monitor.test.ts
@@ -724,9 +724,13 @@ describe("discord reaction notification gating", () => {
     ] as const;
 
     for (const testCase of cases) {
-      expect(shouldEmitDiscordReactionNotification(testCase.input), testCase.name).toBe(
-        testCase.expected,
-      );
+      expect(
+        shouldEmitDiscordReactionNotification({
+          ...testCase.input,
+          allowlist: testCase.input.allowlist ? [...testCase.input.allowlist] : undefined,
+        }),
+        testCase.name,
+      ).toBe(testCase.expected);
     }
   });
 });
@@ -1040,7 +1044,7 @@ describe("discord reaction notification modes", () => {
       const guildEntries = makeEntries({
         [guildId]: {
           reactionNotifications: testCase.reactionNotifications,
-          users: testCase.users,
+          users: testCase.users ? [...testCase.users] : undefined,
         },
       });
       const listener = new DiscordReactionListener(makeReactionListenerParams({ guildEntries }));
diff --git a/src/infra/outbound/outbound.test.ts b/src/infra/outbound/outbound.test.ts
index 3eb0fd01fb5..56cff3ca265 100644
--- a/src/infra/outbound/outbound.test.ts
+++ b/src/infra/outbound/outbound.test.ts
@@ -847,7 +847,9 @@ describe("normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson", () => {
     ];
 
     for (const testCase of cases) {
-      expect(normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson(testCase.input)).toEqual(testCase.expected);
+      expect(
+        normalizeOutboundPayloadsForJson(testCase.input.map((payload) => ({ ...payload }))),
+      ).toEqual(testCase.expected);
     }
   });
 });
@@ -882,7 +884,13 @@ describe("formatOutboundPayloadLog", () => {
     ];
 
     for (const testCase of cases) {
-      expect(formatOutboundPayloadLog(testCase.input), testCase.name).toBe(testCase.expected);
+      expect(
+        formatOutboundPayloadLog({
+          ...testCase.input,
+          mediaUrls: [...testCase.input.mediaUrls],
+        }),
+        testCase.name,
+      ).toBe(testCase.expected);
     }
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/telegram/send.test.ts b/src/telegram/send.test.ts
index 62ec6054f77..2ef6df9a708 100644
--- a/src/telegram/send.test.ts
+++ b/src/telegram/send.test.ts
@@ -595,13 +595,18 @@ describe("sendMessageTelegram", () => {
         fileName: "video.mp4",
       });
 
-      await sendMessageTelegram(chatId, testCase.text, {
+      const opts = {
         token: "tok",
         api,
         mediaUrl: "https://example.com/video.mp4",
         asVideoNote: true,
         ...testCase.options,
-      });
+      };
+      if (opts.buttons) {
+        opts.buttons = opts.buttons.map((row) => [...row]);
+      }
+
+      await sendMessageTelegram(chatId, testCase.text, opts);
 
       expect(sendVideoNote).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         chatId,