chore: sync VERSION file with release v1.1.254 [skip ci]

feat: Antigravity 账号注入 systemInstruction 和 requestType header
- 在 antigravityClient.js 的请求 header 中添加 requestType: agent - 在 anthropicGeminiBridgeService.js 中为 antigravity 账号前置注入系统提示词
2026-01-22 16:43:35 +00:00 · 2026-01-08 04:08:28 +00:00 · 2026-01-08 12:07:50 +08:00 · 2026-01-08 08:58:16 +08:00 · 2026-01-08 08:33:09 +08:00 · 2026-01-08 00:05:47 +08:00
93 changed files with 16208 additions and 674 deletions
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -33,6 +33,59 @@ CLAUDE_API_URL=https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages
 CLAUDE_API_VERSION=2023-06-01
 CLAUDE_BETA_HEADER=claude-code-20250219,oauth-2025-04-20,interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14,fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14

+# 🤖 Gemini OAuth / Antigravity 配置（可选）
+# 不配置时使用内置默认值；如需自定义或避免在代码中出现 client secret，可在此覆盖
+# GEMINI_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=
+# GEMINI_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=
+# Gemini CLI OAuth redirect_uri（可选，默认 https://codeassist.google.com/authcode）
+# GEMINI_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI=
+# ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=
+# ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=
+# Antigravity OAuth redirect_uri（可选，默认 http://localhost:45462；用于避免 redirect_uri_mismatch）
+# ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI=http://localhost:45462
+# Antigravity 上游地址（可选，默认 sandbox）
+# ANTIGRAVITY_API_URL=https://daily-cloudcode-pa.sandbox.googleapis.com
+# Antigravity User-Agent（可选）
+# ANTIGRAVITY_USER_AGENT=antigravity/1.11.3 windows/amd64
+
+# Claude Code（Anthropic Messages API）路由分流（无需额外环境变量）：
+# - /api             -> Claude 账号池（默认）
+# - /antigravity/api  -> Antigravity OAuth
+# - /gemini-cli/api   -> Gemini CLI OAuth
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 🐛 调试 Dump 配置（可选）
+# ============================================================================
+# 以下开启后会在项目根目录写入 .jsonl 调试文件，便于排查问题。
+# ⚠️ 生产环境建议关闭，避免磁盘占用。
+#
+# 📄 输出文件列表：
+#   - anthropic-requests-dump.jsonl      (客户端请求)
+#   - anthropic-responses-dump.jsonl     (返回给客户端的响应)
+#   - anthropic-tools-dump.jsonl         (工具定义快照)
+#   - antigravity-upstream-requests-dump.jsonl   (发往上游的请求)
+#   - antigravity-upstream-responses-dump.jsonl  (上游 SSE 响应)
+#
+# 📌 开关配置：
+# ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_REQUEST_DUMP=true
+# ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_RESPONSE_DUMP=true
+# ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_TOOLS_DUMP=true
+# ANTIGRAVITY_DEBUG_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP=true
+# ANTIGRAVITY_DEBUG_UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP=true
+#
+# 📏 单条记录大小上限（字节），默认 2MB：
+# ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES=2097152
+# ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES=2097152
+# ANTIGRAVITY_DEBUG_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES=2097152
+#
+# 📦 整个 Dump 文件大小上限（字节），超过后自动轮转为 .bak 文件，默认 10MB：
+# DUMP_MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES=10485760
+#
+# 🔧 工具失败继续：当 tool_result 标记 is_error=true 时，提示模型不要中断任务
+# （仅 /antigravity/api 分流生效）
+# ANTHROPIC_TOOL_ERROR_CONTINUE=true
+
+
 # 🚫 529错误处理配置
 # 启用529错误处理，0表示禁用，>0表示过载状态持续时间（分钟）
 CLAUDE_OVERLOAD_HANDLING_MINUTES=0
@@ -61,6 +114,9 @@ PROXY_USE_IPV4=true
 # ⏱️ 请求超时配置
 REQUEST_TIMEOUT=600000  # 请求超时设置（毫秒），默认10分钟

+# 🔧 请求体大小配置
+REQUEST_MAX_SIZE_MB=60
+
 # 📈 使用限制
 DEFAULT_TOKEN_LIMIT=1000000

@@ -75,6 +131,8 @@ TOKEN_USAGE_RETENTION=2592000000
 HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL=60000
 TIMEZONE_OFFSET=8  # UTC偏移小时数，默认+8（中国时区）
 METRICS_WINDOW=5  # 实时指标统计窗口（分钟），可选1-60，默认5分钟
+# 启动时清理残留的并发排队计数器（默认true，多实例部署时建议设为false）
+CLEAR_CONCURRENCY_QUEUES_ON_STARTUP=true

 # 🎨 Web 界面配置
 WEB_TITLE=Claude Relay Service
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Claude Relay Service 是一个多平台 AI API 中转服务，支持 **Claude (
 - **权限控制**: API Key支持权限配置（all/claude/gemini/openai等），控制可访问的服务类型
 - **客户端限制**: 基于User-Agent的客户端识别和限制，支持ClaudeCode、Gemini-CLI等预定义客户端
 - **模型黑名单**: 支持API Key级别的模型访问限制
+- **并发请求排队**: 当API Key并发数超限时，请求进入队列等待而非立即返回429，支持配置最大排队数、超时时间，适用于Claude Code Agent并行工具调用场景

 ### 主要服务组件

@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ npm run service:stop          # 停止服务
 - `DEBUG_HTTP_TRAFFIC`: 启用HTTP请求/响应调试日志（默认false，仅开发环境）
 - `PROXY_USE_IPV4`: 代理使用IPv4（默认true）
 - `REQUEST_TIMEOUT`: 请求超时时间（毫秒，默认600000即10分钟）
+- `CLEAR_CONCURRENCY_QUEUES_ON_STARTUP`: 启动时清理残留的并发排队计数器（默认true，多实例部署时建议设为false）

 #### AWS Bedrock配置（可选）
 - `CLAUDE_CODE_USE_BEDROCK`: 启用Bedrock（设置为1启用）
@@ -343,6 +345,34 @@ npm run setup  # 自动生成密钥并创建管理员账户
 12. **成本统计不准确**: 运行 `npm run init:costs` 初始化成本数据，检查pricingService是否正确加载模型价格
 13. **缓存命中率低**: 查看缓存监控统计，调整LRU缓存大小配置
 14. **用户消息队列超时**: 优化后锁持有时间已从分钟级降到毫秒级（请求发送后立即释放），默认 `USER_MESSAGE_QUEUE_TIMEOUT_MS=5000` 已足够。如仍有超时，检查网络延迟或禁用此功能（`USER_MESSAGE_QUEUE_ENABLED=false`）
+15. **并发请求排队问题**:
+   - 排队超时：检查 `concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs` 配置是否合理（默认10秒）
+   - 排队数过多：调整 `concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize` 和 `concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier`
+   - 查看排队统计：访问 `/admin/concurrency-queue/stats` 接口查看 entered/success/timeout/cancelled/socket_changed/rejected_overload 统计
+   - 排队计数泄漏：系统重启时自动清理，或访问 `/admin/concurrency-queue` DELETE 接口手动清理
+   - Socket 身份验证失败：查看 `socket_changed` 统计，如果频繁发生，检查代理配置或客户端连接稳定性
+   - 健康检查拒绝：查看 `rejected_overload` 统计，表示队列过载时的快速失败次数
+
+### 代理配置要求（并发请求排队）
+
+使用并发请求排队功能时，需要正确配置代理（如 Nginx）的超时参数：
+
+- **推荐配置**: `proxy_read_timeout >= max(2 × concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs, 60s)`
+  - 当前默认排队超时 10 秒，Nginx 默认 `proxy_read_timeout = 60s` 已满足要求
+  - 如果调整排队超时到 60 秒，推荐代理超时 ≥ 120 秒
+- **Nginx 配置示例**:
+  ```nginx
+  location /api/ {
+      proxy_read_timeout 120s;  # 排队超时 60s 时推荐 120s
+      proxy_connect_timeout 10s;
+      # ...其他配置
+  }
+  ```
+- **企业防火墙环境**:
+  - 某些企业防火墙可能静默关闭长时间无数据的连接（20-40 秒）
+  - 如遇此问题，联系网络管理员调整空闲连接超时策略
+  - 或降低 `concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs` 配置
+- **后续升级说明**: 如有需要，后续版本可能提供可选的轻量级心跳机制

 ### 调试工具

@@ -455,6 +485,15 @@ npm run setup  # 自动生成密钥并创建管理员账户
 - **缓存优化**: 多层LRU缓存（解密缓存、账户缓存），全局缓存监控和统计
 - **成本追踪**: 实时token使用统计（input/output/cache_create/cache_read）和成本计算（基于pricingService）
 - **并发控制**: Redis Sorted Set实现的并发计数，支持自动过期清理
+- **并发请求排队**: 当API Key并发超限时，请求进入队列等待而非直接返回429
+  - **工作原理**: 采用「先占后检查」模式，每次轮询尝试占位，超限则释放继续等待
+  - **指数退避**: 初始200ms，指数增长至最大2秒，带±20%抖动防惊群效应
+  - **智能清理**: 排队计数有TTL保护（超时+30秒），进程崩溃也能自动清理
+  - **Socket身份验证**: 使用UUID token + socket对象引用双重验证，避免HTTP Keep-Alive连接复用导致的身份混淆
+  - **健康检查**: P90等待时间超过阈值时快速失败（返回429），避免新请求在过载时继续排队
+  - **配置参数**: `concurrentRequestQueueEnabled`（默认false）、`concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize`（默认3）、`concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier`（默认0）、`concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs`（默认10秒）、`concurrentRequestQueueMaxRedisFailCount`（默认5）、`concurrentRequestQueueHealthCheckEnabled`（默认true）、`concurrentRequestQueueHealthThreshold`（默认0.8）
+  - **最大排队数**: max(固定值, 并发限制×倍数)，例如并发限制=10、倍数=2时最大排队数=20
+  - **适用场景**: Claude Code Agent并行工具调用、批量请求处理
 - **客户端识别**: 基于User-Agent的客户端限制，支持预定义客户端（ClaudeCode、Gemini-CLI等）
 - **错误处理**: 529错误自动标记账户过载状态，配置时长内自动排除该账户

@@ -514,6 +553,11 @@ npm run setup  # 自动生成密钥并创建管理员账户
  - `overload:{accountId}` - 账户过载状态（529错误）
 - **并发控制**:
  - `concurrency:{accountId}` - Redis Sorted Set实现的并发计数
+- **并发请求排队**:
+  - `concurrency:queue:{apiKeyId}` - API Key级别的排队计数器（TTL由 `concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs` + 30秒缓冲决定）
+  - `concurrency:queue:stats:{apiKeyId}` - 排队统计（entered/success/timeout/cancelled）
+  - `concurrency:queue:wait_times:{apiKeyId}` - 按API Key的等待时间记录（用于P50/P90/P99计算）
+  - `concurrency:queue:wait_times:global` - 全局等待时间记录
 - **Webhook配置**:
  - `webhook_config:{id}` - Webhook配置
 - **用户消息队列**:
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 # Claude Relay Service

+> [!CAUTION]
+> **安全更新通知**：v1.1.248 及以下版本存在严重的管理员认证绕过漏洞，攻击者可未授权访问管理面板。
+>
+> **请立即更新到 v1.1.249+ 版本**，或迁移到新一代项目 **[CRS 2.0 (sub2api)](https://github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api)**
+
 <div align="center">

 [![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
@@ -389,6 +394,9 @@ docker-compose.yml 已包含：

 **Claude Code 设置环境变量：**

+
+**使用标准 Claude 账号池**
+
 默认使用标准 Claude 账号池：

 ```bash
@@ -396,6 +404,24 @@ export ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL="http://127.0.0.1:3000/api/" # 根据实际填写你
 export ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN="后台创建的API密钥"
 ```

+**使用 Antigravity 账户池**
+
+适用于通过 Antigravity 渠道使用 Claude 模型（如 `claude-opus-4-5` 等）。
+
+```bash
+# 1. 设置 Base URL 为 Antigravity 专用路径
+export ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL="http://127.0.0.1:3000/antigravity/api/"
+
+# 2. 设置 API Key（在后台创建，权限需包含 'all' 或 'gemini'）
+export ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN="后台创建的API密钥"
+
+# 3. 指定模型名称（直接使用短名，无需前缀！）
+export ANTHROPIC_MODEL="claude-opus-4-5"
+
+# 4. 启动
+claude
+```
+
 **VSCode Claude 插件配置：**

 如果使用 VSCode 的 Claude 插件，需要在 `~/.claude/config.json` 文件中配置：
@@ -408,6 +434,8 @@ export ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN="后台创建的API密钥"

 如果该文件不存在，请手动创建。Windows 用户路径为 `C:\Users\你的用户名\.claude\config.json`。

+> 💡 **IntelliJ IDEA 用户推荐**：[Claude Code Plus](https://github.com/touwaeriol/claude-code-plus) - 将 Claude Code 直接集成到 IDE，支持代码理解、文件读写、命令执行。插件市场搜索 `Claude Code Plus` 即可安装。
+
 **Gemini CLI 设置环境变量：**

 **方式一（推荐）：通过 Gemini Assist API 方式访问**
@@ -597,8 +625,9 @@ gpt-5                      # Codex使用固定模型ID
 - 所有账号类型都使用相同的API密钥（在后台统一创建）
 - 根据不同的路由前缀自动识别账号类型
 - `/claude/` - 使用Claude账号池
+- `/antigravity/api/` - 使用Antigravity账号池（推荐用于Claude Code）
 - `/droid/claude/` - 使用Droid类型Claude账号池（只建议api调用或Droid Cli中使用）
- `/gemini/` - 使用Gemini账号池  
+- `/gemini/` - 使用Gemini账号池
 - `/openai/` - 使用Codex账号（只支持Openai-Response格式）
 - `/droid/openai/` - 使用Droid类型OpenAI兼容账号池（只建议api调用或Droid Cli中使用）
 - 支持所有标准API端点（messages、models等）
--- a/README_EN.md
+++ b/README_EN.md
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 # Claude Relay Service

+> [!CAUTION]
+> **Security Update**: v1.1.248 and below contain a critical admin authentication bypass vulnerability allowing unauthorized access to the admin panel.
+>
+> **Please update to v1.1.249+ immediately**, or migrate to the next-generation project **[CRS 2.0 (sub2api)](https://github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api)**
+
 <div align="center">

 [![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+Use this section to tell people about which versions of your project are
+currently being supported with security updates.
+
+| Version | Supported          |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| 5.1.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+| 5.0.x   | :x:                |
+| 4.0.x   | :white_check_mark: |
+| < 4.0   | :x:                |
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Use this section to tell people how to report a vulnerability.
+
+Tell them where to go, how often they can expect to get an update on a
+reported vulnerability, what to expect if the vulnerability is accepted or
+declined, etc.
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.1.232
+1.1.254
--- a/config/config.example.js
+++ b/config/config.example.js
@@ -205,6 +205,14 @@ const config = {
    hotReload: process.env.HOT_RELOAD === 'true'
  },

+  // 💰 账户余额相关配置
+  accountBalance: {
+    // 是否允许执行自定义余额脚本（安全开关）
+    // 说明：脚本能力可发起任意 HTTP 请求并在服务端执行 extractor 逻辑，建议仅在受控环境开启
+    // 默认保持开启；如需禁用请显式设置：BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED=false
+    enableBalanceScript: process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED !== 'false'
+  },
+
  // 📬 用户消息队列配置
  // 优化说明：锁在请求发送成功后立即释放（而非请求完成后），因为 Claude API 限流基于请求发送时刻计算
  userMessageQueue: {
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ services:
      - PORT=3000
      - HOST=0.0.0.0
      
+      # 🔧 请求体大小配置
+      - REQUEST_MAX_SIZE_MB=60
+      
      # 🔐 安全配置（必填）
      - JWT_SECRET=${JWT_SECRET}  # 必填：至少32字符的随机字符串
      - ENCRYPTION_KEY=${ENCRYPTION_KEY}  # 必填：32字符的加密密钥
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
        "ioredis": "^5.3.2",
        "ldapjs": "^3.0.7",
        "morgan": "^1.10.0",
+        "node-cron": "^4.2.1",
        "nodemailer": "^7.0.6",
        "ora": "^5.4.1",
        "rate-limiter-flexible": "^5.0.5",
@@ -891,7 +892,6 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-2BCOP7TN8M+gVDj7/ht3hsaO/B/n5oDbiAyyvnRlNOs+u1o+JWNYTQrmpuNp1/Wq2gcFrI01JAW+paEKDMx/CA==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "dependencies": {
        "@babel/code-frame": "^7.27.1",
        "@babel/generator": "^7.28.3",
@@ -3000,7 +3000,6 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-yCAeZl7a0DxgNVteXFHt9+uyFbqXGy/ShC4BlcHkoE0AfGXYv/BUiplV72DjMYXHDBXFjhvr6DD1NiRVfB4j8g==",
      "devOptional": true,
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "dependencies": {
        "undici-types": "~6.21.0"
      }
@@ -3082,7 +3081,6 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-NZyJarBfL7nWwIq+FDL6Zp/yHEhePMNnnJ0y3qfieCrmNvYct8uvtiV41UvlSe6apAfk0fY1FbWx+NwfmpvtTg==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "bin": {
        "acorn": "bin/acorn"
      },
@@ -3538,7 +3536,6 @@
        }
      ],
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "dependencies": {
        "caniuse-lite": "^1.0.30001737",
        "electron-to-chromium": "^1.5.211",
@@ -4426,7 +4423,6 @@
      "deprecated": "This version is no longer supported. Please see https://eslint.org/version-support for other options.",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "dependencies": {
        "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.2.0",
        "@eslint-community/regexpp": "^4.6.1",
@@ -4483,7 +4479,6 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-82GZUjRS0p/jganf6q1rEO25VSoHH0hKPCTrgillPjdI/3bgBhAE1QzHrHTizjpRvy6pGAvKjDJtk2pF9NDq8w==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "bin": {
        "eslint-config-prettier": "bin/cli.js"
      },
@@ -7034,6 +7029,15 @@
        "node": ">= 0.6"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/node-cron": {
+      "version": "4.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/node-cron/-/node-cron-4.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lgimEHPE/QDgFlywTd8yTR61ptugX3Qer29efeyWw2rv259HtGBNn1vZVmp8lB9uo9wC0t/AT4iGqXxia+CJFg==",
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=6.0.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/node-domexception": {
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/node-domexception/-/node-domexception-1.0.0.tgz",
@@ -7582,7 +7586,6 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-I7AIg5boAr5R0FFtJ6rCfD+LFsWHp81dolrFD8S79U9tb8Az2nGrJncnMSnys+bpQJfRUzqs9hnA81OAA3hCuQ==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "bin": {
        "prettier": "bin/prettier.cjs"
      },
@@ -9101,7 +9104,6 @@
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/winston/-/winston-3.17.0.tgz",
      "integrity": "sha512-DLiFIXYC5fMPxaRg832S6F5mJYvePtmO5G9v9IgUFPhXm9/GkXarH/TUrBAVzhTCzAj9anE/+GjrgXp/54nOgw==",
      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
      "dependencies": {
        "@colors/colors": "^1.6.0",
        "@dabh/diagnostics": "^2.0.2",
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
    "ioredis": "^5.3.2",
    "ldapjs": "^3.0.7",
    "morgan": "^1.10.0",
+    "node-cron": "^4.2.1",
    "nodemailer": "^7.0.6",
    "ora": "^5.4.1",
    "rate-limiter-flexible": "^5.0.5",
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ importers:
      morgan:
        specifier: ^1.10.0
        version: 1.10.1
+      node-cron:
+        specifier: ^4.2.1
+        version: 4.2.1
      nodemailer:
        specifier: ^7.0.6
        version: 7.0.11
@@ -108,6 +111,9 @@ importers:
      prettier:
        specifier: ^3.6.2
        version: 3.7.4
+      prettier-plugin-tailwindcss:
+        specifier: ^0.7.2
+        version: 0.7.2(prettier@3.7.4)
      supertest:
        specifier: ^6.3.3
        version: 6.3.4
@@ -2144,6 +2150,10 @@ packages:
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-myRT3DiWPHqho5PrJaIRyaMv2kgYf0mUVgBNOYMuCH5Ki1yEiQaf/ZJuQ62nvpc44wL5WDbTX7yGJi1Neevw8w==}
    engines: {node: '>= 0.6'}

+  node-cron@4.2.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-lgimEHPE/QDgFlywTd8yTR61ptugX3Qer29efeyWw2rv259HtGBNn1vZVmp8lB9uo9wC0t/AT4iGqXxia+CJFg==}
+    engines: {node: '>=6.0.0'}
+
  node-domexception@1.0.0:
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/jKZoMpw0F8GRwl4/eLROPA3cfcXtLApP0QzLmUT/HuPCZWyB7IY9ZrMeKw2O/nFIqPQB3PVM9aYm0F312AXDQ==}
    engines: {node: '>=10.5.0'}
@@ -2302,6 +2312,61 @@ packages:
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-GbK2cP9nraSSUF9N2XwUwqfzlAFlMNYYl+ShE/V+H8a9uNl/oUqB1w2EL54Jh0OlyRSd8RfWYJ3coVS4TROP2w==}
    engines: {node: '>=6.0.0'}

+  prettier-plugin-tailwindcss@0.7.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-LkphyK3Fw+q2HdMOoiEHWf93fNtYJwfamoKPl7UwtjFQdei/iIBoX11G6j706FzN3ymX9mPVi97qIY8328vdnA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=20.19'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      '@ianvs/prettier-plugin-sort-imports': '*'
+      '@prettier/plugin-hermes': '*'
+      '@prettier/plugin-oxc': '*'
+      '@prettier/plugin-pug': '*'
+      '@shopify/prettier-plugin-liquid': '*'
+      '@trivago/prettier-plugin-sort-imports': '*'
+      '@zackad/prettier-plugin-twig': '*'
+      prettier: ^3.0
+      prettier-plugin-astro: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-css-order: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-jsdoc: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-marko: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-multiline-arrays: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-organize-attributes: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-organize-imports: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-sort-imports: '*'
+      prettier-plugin-svelte: '*'
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      '@ianvs/prettier-plugin-sort-imports':
+        optional: true
+      '@prettier/plugin-hermes':
+        optional: true
+      '@prettier/plugin-oxc':
+        optional: true
+      '@prettier/plugin-pug':
+        optional: true
+      '@shopify/prettier-plugin-liquid':
+        optional: true
+      '@trivago/prettier-plugin-sort-imports':
+        optional: true
+      '@zackad/prettier-plugin-twig':
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-astro:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-css-order:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-jsdoc:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-marko:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-multiline-arrays:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-organize-attributes:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-organize-imports:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-sort-imports:
+        optional: true
+      prettier-plugin-svelte:
+        optional: true
+
  prettier@3.7.4:
    resolution: {integrity: sha512-v6UNi1+3hSlVvv8fSaoUbggEM5VErKmmpGA7Pl3HF8V6uKY7rvClBOJlH6yNwQtfTueNkGVpOv/mtWL9L4bgRA==}
    engines: {node: '>=14'}
@@ -5692,6 +5757,8 @@ snapshots:

  negotiator@0.6.4: {}

+  node-cron@4.2.1: {}
+
  node-domexception@1.0.0: {}

  node-fetch@3.3.2:
@@ -5840,6 +5907,10 @@ snapshots:
    dependencies:
      fast-diff: 1.3.0

+  prettier-plugin-tailwindcss@0.7.2(prettier@3.7.4):
+    dependencies:
+      prettier: 3.7.4
+
  prettier@3.7.4: {}

  pretty-format@29.7.0:
--- a/src/app.js
+++ b/src/app.js
@@ -52,6 +52,16 @@ class Application {
      await redis.connect()
      logger.success('✅ Redis connected successfully')

+      // 💳 初始化账户余额查询服务（Provider 注册）
+      try {
+        const accountBalanceService = require('./services/accountBalanceService')
+        const { registerAllProviders } = require('./services/balanceProviders')
+        registerAllProviders(accountBalanceService)
+        logger.info('✅ 账户余额查询服务已初始化')
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn('⚠️ 账户余额查询服务初始化失败:', error.message)
+      }
+
      // 💰 初始化价格服务
      logger.info('🔄 Initializing pricing service...')
      await pricingService.initialize()
@@ -68,6 +78,10 @@ class Application {
      logger.info('🔄 Initializing admin credentials...')
      await this.initializeAdmin()

+      // 🔒 安全启动：清理无效/伪造的管理员会话
+      logger.info('🔒 Cleaning up invalid admin sessions...')
+      await this.cleanupInvalidSessions()
+
      // 💰 初始化费用数据
      logger.info('💰 Checking cost data initialization...')
      const costInitService = require('./services/costInitService')
@@ -165,7 +179,7 @@ class Application {
      // 🔧 基础中间件
      this.app.use(
        express.json({
-          limit: '10mb',
+          limit: '100mb',
          verify: (req, res, buf, encoding) => {
            // 验证JSON格式
            if (buf && buf.length && !buf.toString(encoding || 'utf8').trim()) {
@@ -174,7 +188,7 @@ class Application {
          }
        })
      )
-      this.app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true, limit: '10mb' }))
+      this.app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true, limit: '100mb' }))
      this.app.use(securityMiddleware)

      // 🎯 信任代理
@@ -264,6 +278,25 @@ class Application {
      this.app.use('/api', apiRoutes)
      this.app.use('/api', unifiedRoutes) // 统一智能路由（支持 /v1/chat/completions 等）
      this.app.use('/claude', apiRoutes) // /claude 路由别名，与 /api 功能相同
+      // Anthropic (Claude Code) 路由：按路径强制分流到 Gemini OAuth 账户
+      // - /antigravity/api/v1/messages -> Antigravity OAuth
+      // - /gemini-cli/api/v1/messages -> Gemini CLI OAuth
+      this.app.use(
+        '/antigravity/api',
+        (req, res, next) => {
+          req._anthropicVendor = 'antigravity'
+          next()
+        },
+        apiRoutes
+      )
+      this.app.use(
+        '/gemini-cli/api',
+        (req, res, next) => {
+          req._anthropicVendor = 'gemini-cli'
+          next()
+        },
+        apiRoutes
+      )
      this.app.use('/admin', adminRoutes)
      this.app.use('/users', userRoutes)
      // 使用 web 路由（包含 auth 和页面重定向）
@@ -426,6 +459,54 @@ class Application {
    }
  }

+  // 🔒 清理无效/伪造的管理员会话（安全启动检查）
+  async cleanupInvalidSessions() {
+    try {
+      const client = redis.getClient()
+
+      // 获取所有 session:* 键
+      const sessionKeys = await client.keys('session:*')
+
+      let validCount = 0
+      let invalidCount = 0
+
+      for (const key of sessionKeys) {
+        // 跳过 admin_credentials（系统凭据）
+        if (key === 'session:admin_credentials') {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        const sessionData = await client.hgetall(key)
+
+        // 检查会话完整性：必须有 username 和 loginTime
+        const hasUsername = !!sessionData.username
+        const hasLoginTime = !!sessionData.loginTime
+
+        if (!hasUsername || !hasLoginTime) {
+          // 无效会话 - 可能是漏洞利用创建的伪造会话
+          invalidCount++
+          logger.security(
+            `🔒 Removing invalid session: ${key} (username: ${hasUsername}, loginTime: ${hasLoginTime})`
+          )
+          await client.del(key)
+        } else {
+          validCount++
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (invalidCount > 0) {
+        logger.security(`🔒 Startup security check: Removed ${invalidCount} invalid sessions`)
+      }
+
+      logger.success(
+        `✅ Session cleanup completed: ${validCount} valid, ${invalidCount} invalid removed`
+      )
+    } catch (error) {
+      // 清理失败不应阻止服务启动
+      logger.error('❌ Failed to cleanup invalid sessions:', error.message)
+    }
+  }
+
  // 🔍 Redis健康检查
  async checkRedisHealth() {
    try {
@@ -581,15 +662,40 @@ class Application {

        const now = Date.now()
        let totalCleaned = 0
+        let legacyCleaned = 0

        // 使用 Lua 脚本批量清理所有过期项
        for (const key of keys) {
+          // 跳过已知非 Sorted Set 类型的键（这些键有各自的清理逻辑）
+          // - concurrency:queue:stats:* 是 Hash 类型
+          // - concurrency:queue:wait_times:* 是 List 类型
+          // - concurrency:queue:* (不含stats/wait_times) 是 String 类型
+          if (
+            key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:stats:') ||
+            key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:wait_times:') ||
+            (key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:') &&
+              !key.includes(':stats:') &&
+              !key.includes(':wait_times:'))
+          ) {
+            continue
+          }
+
          try {
-            const cleaned = await redis.client.eval(
+            // 使用原子 Lua 脚本：先检查类型，再执行清理
+            // 返回值：0 = 正常清理无删除，1 = 清理后删除空键，-1 = 遗留键已删除
+            const result = await redis.client.eval(
              `
              local key = KEYS[1]
              local now = tonumber(ARGV[1])

+              -- 先检查键类型，只对 Sorted Set 执行清理
+              local keyType = redis.call('TYPE', key)
+              if keyType.ok ~= 'zset' then
+                -- 非 ZSET 类型的遗留键，直接删除
+                redis.call('DEL', key)
+                return -1
+              end
+
              -- 清理过期项
              redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', key, '-inf', now)

@@ -608,8 +714,10 @@ class Application {
              key,
              now
            )
-            if (cleaned === 1) {
+            if (result === 1) {
              totalCleaned++
+            } else if (result === -1) {
+              legacyCleaned++
            }
          } catch (error) {
            logger.error(`❌ Failed to clean concurrency key ${key}:`, error)
@@ -619,6 +727,9 @@ class Application {
        if (totalCleaned > 0) {
          logger.info(`🔢 Concurrency cleanup: cleaned ${totalCleaned} expired keys`)
        }
+        if (legacyCleaned > 0) {
+          logger.warn(`🧹 Concurrency cleanup: removed ${legacyCleaned} legacy keys (wrong type)`)
+        }
      } catch (error) {
        logger.error('❌ Concurrency cleanup task failed:', error)
      }
@@ -633,6 +744,33 @@ class Application {
      // 然后启动定时清理任务
      userMessageQueueService.startCleanupTask()
    })
+
+    // 🚦 清理服务重启后残留的并发排队计数器
+    // 多实例部署时建议关闭此开关，避免新实例启动时清空其他实例的队列计数
+    // 可通过 DELETE /admin/concurrency/queue 接口手动清理
+    const clearQueuesOnStartup = process.env.CLEAR_CONCURRENCY_QUEUES_ON_STARTUP !== 'false'
+    if (clearQueuesOnStartup) {
+      redis.clearAllConcurrencyQueues().catch((error) => {
+        logger.error('❌ Error clearing concurrency queues on startup:', error)
+      })
+    } else {
+      logger.info(
+        '🚦 Skipping concurrency queue cleanup on startup (CLEAR_CONCURRENCY_QUEUES_ON_STARTUP=false)'
+      )
+    }
+
+    // 🧪 启动账户定时测试调度器
+    // 根据配置定期测试账户连通性并保存测试历史
+    const accountTestSchedulerEnabled =
+      process.env.ACCOUNT_TEST_SCHEDULER_ENABLED !== 'false' &&
+      config.accountTestScheduler?.enabled !== false
+    if (accountTestSchedulerEnabled) {
+      const accountTestSchedulerService = require('./services/accountTestSchedulerService')
+      accountTestSchedulerService.start()
+      logger.info('🧪 Account test scheduler service started')
+    } else {
+      logger.info('🧪 Account test scheduler service disabled')
+    }
  }

  setupGracefulShutdown() {
@@ -687,6 +825,15 @@ class Application {
            logger.error('❌ Error stopping cost rank service:', error)
          }

+          // 停止账户定时测试调度器
+          try {
+            const accountTestSchedulerService = require('./services/accountTestSchedulerService')
+            accountTestSchedulerService.stop()
+            logger.info('🧪 Account test scheduler service stopped')
+          } catch (error) {
+            logger.error('❌ Error stopping account test scheduler service:', error)
+          }
+
          // 🔢 清理所有并发计数（Phase 1 修复：防止重启泄漏）
          try {
            logger.info('🔢 Cleaning up all concurrency counters...')
--- a/src/handlers/geminiHandlers.js
+++ b/src/handlers/geminiHandlers.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const logger = require('../utils/logger')
 const geminiAccountService = require('../services/geminiAccountService')
 const geminiApiAccountService = require('../services/geminiApiAccountService')
 const { sendGeminiRequest, getAvailableModels } = require('../services/geminiRelayService')
+const { sendAntigravityRequest } = require('../services/antigravityRelayService')
 const crypto = require('crypto')
 const sessionHelper = require('../utils/sessionHelper')
 const unifiedGeminiScheduler = require('../services/unifiedGeminiScheduler')
@@ -86,8 +87,7 @@ function generateSessionHash(req) {
 * 检查 API Key 权限
 */
 function checkPermissions(apiKeyData, requiredPermission = 'gemini') {
-  const permissions = apiKeyData?.permissions || 'all'
-  return permissions === 'all' || permissions === requiredPermission
+  return apiKeyService.hasPermission(apiKeyData?.permissions, requiredPermission)
 }

 /**
@@ -508,20 +508,37 @@ async function handleMessages(req, res) {
      // OAuth 账户：使用现有的 sendGeminiRequest
      // 智能处理项目ID：优先使用配置的 projectId，降级到临时 tempProjectId
      const effectiveProjectId = account.projectId || account.tempProjectId || null
+      const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'

-      geminiResponse = await sendGeminiRequest({
-        messages,
-        model,
-        temperature,
-        maxTokens: max_tokens,
-        stream,
-        accessToken: account.accessToken,
-        proxy: account.proxy,
-        apiKeyId: apiKeyData.id,
-        signal: abortController.signal,
-        projectId: effectiveProjectId,
-        accountId: account.id
-      })
+      if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+        geminiResponse = await sendAntigravityRequest({
+          messages,
+          model,
+          temperature,
+          maxTokens: max_tokens,
+          stream,
+          accessToken: account.accessToken,
+          proxy: account.proxy,
+          apiKeyId: apiKeyData.id,
+          signal: abortController.signal,
+          projectId: effectiveProjectId,
+          accountId: account.id
+        })
+      } else {
+        geminiResponse = await sendGeminiRequest({
+          messages,
+          model,
+          temperature,
+          maxTokens: max_tokens,
+          stream,
+          accessToken: account.accessToken,
+          proxy: account.proxy,
+          apiKeyId: apiKeyData.id,
+          signal: abortController.signal,
+          projectId: effectiveProjectId,
+          accountId: account.id
+        })
+      }
    }

    if (stream) {
@@ -754,8 +771,16 @@ async function handleModels(req, res) {
        ]
      }
    } else {
-      // OAuth 账户：使用 OAuth token 获取模型列表
-      models = await getAvailableModels(account.accessToken, account.proxy)
+      // OAuth 账户：根据 OAuth provider 选择上游
+      const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
+      models =
+        oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+          ? await geminiAccountService.fetchAvailableModelsAntigravity(
+              account.accessToken,
+              account.proxy,
+              account.refreshToken
+            )
+          : await getAvailableModels(account.accessToken, account.proxy)
    }

    res.json({
@@ -927,7 +952,8 @@ function handleSimpleEndpoint(apiMethod) {
      const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
        accessToken,
        refreshToken,
-        proxyConfig
+        proxyConfig,
+        account.oauthProvider
      )

      // 直接转发请求体，不做特殊处理
@@ -1006,7 +1032,12 @@ async function handleLoadCodeAssist(req, res) {
    // 解析账户的代理配置
    const proxyConfig = parseProxyConfig(account)

-    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(accessToken, refreshToken, proxyConfig)
+    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
+      accessToken,
+      refreshToken,
+      proxyConfig,
+      account.oauthProvider
+    )

    // 智能处理项目ID
    const effectiveProjectId = projectId || cloudaicompanionProject || null
@@ -1104,7 +1135,12 @@ async function handleOnboardUser(req, res) {
    // 解析账户的代理配置
    const proxyConfig = parseProxyConfig(account)

-    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(accessToken, refreshToken, proxyConfig)
+    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
+      accessToken,
+      refreshToken,
+      proxyConfig,
+      account.oauthProvider
+    )

    // 智能处理项目ID
    const effectiveProjectId = projectId || cloudaicompanionProject || null
@@ -1256,7 +1292,8 @@ async function handleCountTokens(req, res) {
      const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
        accessToken,
        refreshToken,
-        proxyConfig
+        proxyConfig,
+        account.oauthProvider
      )
      response = await geminiAccountService.countTokens(client, contents, model, proxyConfig)
    }
@@ -1366,13 +1403,20 @@ async function handleGenerateContent(req, res) {
    // 解析账户的代理配置
    const proxyConfig = parseProxyConfig(account)

-    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(accessToken, refreshToken, proxyConfig)
+    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
+      accessToken,
+      refreshToken,
+      proxyConfig,
+      account.oauthProvider
+    )

    // 智能处理项目ID：优先使用配置的 projectId，降级到临时 tempProjectId
    let effectiveProjectId = account.projectId || account.tempProjectId || null

+    const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
+
    // 如果没有任何项目ID，尝试调用 loadCodeAssist 获取
-    if (!effectiveProjectId) {
+    if (!effectiveProjectId && oauthProvider !== 'antigravity') {
      try {
        logger.info('📋 No projectId available, attempting to fetch from loadCodeAssist...')
        const loadResponse = await geminiAccountService.loadCodeAssist(client, null, proxyConfig)
@@ -1388,6 +1432,12 @@ async function handleGenerateContent(req, res) {
      }
    }

+    if (!effectiveProjectId && oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+      // Antigravity 账号允许没有 projectId：生成一个稳定的临时 projectId 并缓存
+      effectiveProjectId = `ag-${crypto.randomUUID().replace(/-/g, '').slice(0, 16)}`
+      await geminiAccountService.updateTempProjectId(accountId, effectiveProjectId)
+    }
+
    // 如果还是没有项目ID，返回错误
    if (!effectiveProjectId) {
      return res.status(403).json({
@@ -1410,14 +1460,24 @@ async function handleGenerateContent(req, res) {
          : '从loadCodeAssist获取'
    })

-    const response = await geminiAccountService.generateContent(
-      client,
-      { model, request: actualRequestData },
-      user_prompt_id,
-      effectiveProjectId,
-      req.apiKey?.id,
-      proxyConfig
-    )
+    const response =
+      oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+        ? await geminiAccountService.generateContentAntigravity(
+            client,
+            { model, request: actualRequestData },
+            user_prompt_id,
+            effectiveProjectId,
+            req.apiKey?.id,
+            proxyConfig
+          )
+        : await geminiAccountService.generateContent(
+            client,
+            { model, request: actualRequestData },
+            user_prompt_id,
+            effectiveProjectId,
+            req.apiKey?.id,
+            proxyConfig
+          )

    // 记录使用统计
    if (response?.response?.usageMetadata) {
@@ -1578,13 +1638,20 @@ async function handleStreamGenerateContent(req, res) {
    // 解析账户的代理配置
    const proxyConfig = parseProxyConfig(account)

-    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(accessToken, refreshToken, proxyConfig)
+    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
+      accessToken,
+      refreshToken,
+      proxyConfig,
+      account.oauthProvider
+    )

    // 智能处理项目ID：优先使用配置的 projectId，降级到临时 tempProjectId
    let effectiveProjectId = account.projectId || account.tempProjectId || null

+    const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
+
    // 如果没有任何项目ID，尝试调用 loadCodeAssist 获取
-    if (!effectiveProjectId) {
+    if (!effectiveProjectId && oauthProvider !== 'antigravity') {
      try {
        logger.info('📋 No projectId available, attempting to fetch from loadCodeAssist...')
        const loadResponse = await geminiAccountService.loadCodeAssist(client, null, proxyConfig)
@@ -1600,6 +1667,11 @@ async function handleStreamGenerateContent(req, res) {
      }
    }

+    if (!effectiveProjectId && oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+      effectiveProjectId = `ag-${crypto.randomUUID().replace(/-/g, '').slice(0, 16)}`
+      await geminiAccountService.updateTempProjectId(accountId, effectiveProjectId)
+    }
+
    // 如果还是没有项目ID，返回错误
    if (!effectiveProjectId) {
      return res.status(403).json({
@@ -1622,15 +1694,26 @@ async function handleStreamGenerateContent(req, res) {
          : '从loadCodeAssist获取'
    })

-    const streamResponse = await geminiAccountService.generateContentStream(
-      client,
-      { model, request: actualRequestData },
-      user_prompt_id,
-      effectiveProjectId,
-      req.apiKey?.id,
-      abortController.signal,
-      proxyConfig
-    )
+    const streamResponse =
+      oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+        ? await geminiAccountService.generateContentStreamAntigravity(
+            client,
+            { model, request: actualRequestData },
+            user_prompt_id,
+            effectiveProjectId,
+            req.apiKey?.id,
+            abortController.signal,
+            proxyConfig
+          )
+        : await geminiAccountService.generateContentStream(
+            client,
+            { model, request: actualRequestData },
+            user_prompt_id,
+            effectiveProjectId,
+            req.apiKey?.id,
+            abortController.signal,
+            proxyConfig
+          )

    // 设置 SSE 响应头
    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/event-stream')
@@ -1978,15 +2061,23 @@ async function handleStandardGenerateContent(req, res) {
    } else {
      // OAuth 账户
      const { accessToken, refreshToken } = account
+      const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
      const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
        accessToken,
        refreshToken,
-        proxyConfig
+        proxyConfig,
+        oauthProvider
      )

      let effectiveProjectId = account.projectId || account.tempProjectId || null

-      if (!effectiveProjectId) {
+      if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+        if (!effectiveProjectId) {
+          // Antigravity 账号允许没有 projectId：生成一个稳定的临时 projectId 并缓存
+          effectiveProjectId = `ag-${crypto.randomUUID().replace(/-/g, '').slice(0, 16)}`
+          await geminiAccountService.updateTempProjectId(actualAccountId, effectiveProjectId)
+        }
+      } else if (!effectiveProjectId) {
        try {
          logger.info('📋 No projectId available, attempting to fetch from loadCodeAssist...')
          const loadResponse = await geminiAccountService.loadCodeAssist(client, null, proxyConfig)
@@ -2024,14 +2115,25 @@ async function handleStandardGenerateContent(req, res) {

      const userPromptId = `${crypto.randomUUID()}########0`

-      response = await geminiAccountService.generateContent(
-        client,
-        { model, request: actualRequestData },
-        userPromptId,
-        effectiveProjectId,
-        req.apiKey?.id,
-        proxyConfig
-      )
+      if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+        response = await geminiAccountService.generateContentAntigravity(
+          client,
+          { model, request: actualRequestData },
+          userPromptId,
+          effectiveProjectId,
+          req.apiKey?.id,
+          proxyConfig
+        )
+      } else {
+        response = await geminiAccountService.generateContent(
+          client,
+          { model, request: actualRequestData },
+          userPromptId,
+          effectiveProjectId,
+          req.apiKey?.id,
+          proxyConfig
+        )
+      }
    }

    // 记录使用统计
@@ -2263,12 +2365,20 @@ async function handleStandardStreamGenerateContent(req, res) {
      const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
        accessToken,
        refreshToken,
-        proxyConfig
+        proxyConfig,
+        account.oauthProvider
      )

      let effectiveProjectId = account.projectId || account.tempProjectId || null

-      if (!effectiveProjectId) {
+      const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
+
+      if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+        if (!effectiveProjectId) {
+          effectiveProjectId = `ag-${crypto.randomUUID().replace(/-/g, '').slice(0, 16)}`
+          await geminiAccountService.updateTempProjectId(actualAccountId, effectiveProjectId)
+        }
+      } else if (!effectiveProjectId) {
        try {
          logger.info('📋 No projectId available, attempting to fetch from loadCodeAssist...')
          const loadResponse = await geminiAccountService.loadCodeAssist(client, null, proxyConfig)
@@ -2306,15 +2416,27 @@ async function handleStandardStreamGenerateContent(req, res) {

      const userPromptId = `${crypto.randomUUID()}########0`

-      streamResponse = await geminiAccountService.generateContentStream(
-        client,
-        { model, request: actualRequestData },
-        userPromptId,
-        effectiveProjectId,
-        req.apiKey?.id,
-        abortController.signal,
-        proxyConfig
-      )
+      if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+        streamResponse = await geminiAccountService.generateContentStreamAntigravity(
+          client,
+          { model, request: actualRequestData },
+          userPromptId,
+          effectiveProjectId,
+          req.apiKey?.id,
+          abortController.signal,
+          proxyConfig
+        )
+      } else {
+        streamResponse = await geminiAccountService.generateContentStream(
+          client,
+          { model, request: actualRequestData },
+          userPromptId,
+          effectiveProjectId,
+          req.apiKey?.id,
+          abortController.signal,
+          proxyConfig
+        )
+      }
    }

    // 设置 SSE 响应头
--- a/src/middleware/auth.js
+++ b/src/middleware/auth.js
@@ -8,6 +8,102 @@ const redis = require('../models/redis')
 const ClientValidator = require('../validators/clientValidator')
 const ClaudeCodeValidator = require('../validators/clients/claudeCodeValidator')
 const claudeRelayConfigService = require('../services/claudeRelayConfigService')
+const { calculateWaitTimeStats } = require('../utils/statsHelper')
+
+// 工具函数
+function sleep(ms) {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检查排队是否过载，决定是否应该快速失败
+ * 详见 design.md Decision 7: 排队健康检查与快速失败
+ *
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @param {number} timeoutMs - 排队超时时间（毫秒）
+ * @param {Object} queueConfig - 队列配置
+ * @param {number} maxQueueSize - 最大排队数
+ * @returns {Promise<Object>} { reject: boolean, reason?: string, estimatedWaitMs?: number, timeoutMs?: number }
+ */
+async function shouldRejectDueToOverload(apiKeyId, timeoutMs, queueConfig, maxQueueSize) {
+  try {
+    // 如果健康检查被禁用，直接返回不拒绝
+    if (!queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueHealthCheckEnabled) {
+      return { reject: false, reason: 'health_check_disabled' }
+    }
+
+    // 🔑 先检查当前队列长度
+    const currentQueueCount = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueCount(apiKeyId).catch(() => 0)
+
+    // 队列为空，说明系统已恢复，跳过健康检查
+    if (currentQueueCount === 0) {
+      return { reject: false, reason: 'queue_empty', currentQueueCount: 0 }
+    }
+
+    // 🔑 关键改进：只有当队列接近满载时才进行健康检查
+    // 队列长度 <= maxQueueSize * 0.5 时，认为系统有足够余量，跳过健康检查
+    // 这避免了在队列较短时过于保守地拒绝请求
+    // 使用 ceil 确保小队列（如 maxQueueSize=3）时阈值为 2，即队列 <=1 时跳过
+    const queueLoadThreshold = Math.ceil(maxQueueSize * 0.5)
+    if (currentQueueCount <= queueLoadThreshold) {
+      return {
+        reject: false,
+        reason: 'queue_not_loaded',
+        currentQueueCount,
+        queueLoadThreshold,
+        maxQueueSize
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 获取该 API Key 的等待时间样本
+    const waitTimes = await redis.getQueueWaitTimes(apiKeyId)
+    const stats = calculateWaitTimeStats(waitTimes)
+
+    // 样本不足（< 10），跳过健康检查，避免冷启动误判
+    if (!stats || stats.sampleCount < 10) {
+      return { reject: false, reason: 'insufficient_samples', sampleCount: stats?.sampleCount || 0 }
+    }
+
+    // P90 不可靠时也跳过（虽然 sampleCount >= 10 时 p90Unreliable 应该是 false）
+    if (stats.p90Unreliable) {
+      return { reject: false, reason: 'p90_unreliable', sampleCount: stats.sampleCount }
+    }
+
+    // 计算健康阈值：P90 >= 超时时间 × 阈值 时拒绝
+    const threshold = queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueHealthThreshold || 0.8
+    const maxAllowedP90 = timeoutMs * threshold
+
+    if (stats.p90 >= maxAllowedP90) {
+      return {
+        reject: true,
+        reason: 'queue_overloaded',
+        estimatedWaitMs: stats.p90,
+        timeoutMs,
+        threshold,
+        sampleCount: stats.sampleCount,
+        currentQueueCount,
+        maxQueueSize
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { reject: false, p90: stats.p90, sampleCount: stats.sampleCount, currentQueueCount }
+  } catch (error) {
+    // 健康检查出错时不阻塞请求，记录警告并继续
+    logger.warn(`Health check failed for ${apiKeyId}:`, error.message)
+    return { reject: false, reason: 'health_check_error', error: error.message }
+  }
+}
+
+// 排队轮询配置常量（可通过配置文件覆盖）
+// 性能权衡：初始间隔越短响应越快，但 Redis QPS 越高
+// 当前配置：100 个等待者时约 250-300 QPS（指数退避后）
+const QUEUE_POLLING_CONFIG = {
+  pollIntervalMs: 200, // 初始轮询间隔（毫秒）- 平衡响应速度和 Redis 压力
+  maxPollIntervalMs: 2000, // 最大轮询间隔（毫秒）- 长时间等待时降低 Redis 压力
+  backoffFactor: 1.5, // 指数退避系数
+  jitterRatio: 0.2, // 抖动比例（±20%）- 防止惊群效应
+  maxRedisFailCount: 5 // 连续 Redis 失败阈值（从 3 提高到 5，提高网络抖动容忍度）
+}

 const FALLBACK_CONCURRENCY_CONFIG = {
  leaseSeconds: 300,
@@ -128,9 +224,223 @@ function isTokenCountRequest(req) {
  return false
 }

+/**
+ * 等待并发槽位（排队机制核心）
+ *
+ * 采用「先占后检查」模式避免竞态条件：
+ * - 每次轮询时尝试 incrConcurrency 占位
+ * - 如果超限则 decrConcurrency 释放并继续等待
+ * - 成功获取槽位后返回，调用方无需再次 incrConcurrency
+ *
+ * ⚠️ 重要清理责任说明：
+ * - 排队计数：此函数的 finally 块负责调用 decrConcurrencyQueue 清理
+ * - 并发槽位：当返回 acquired=true 时，槽位已被占用（通过 incrConcurrency）
+ *   调用方必须在请求结束时调用 decrConcurrency 释放槽位
+ *   （已在 authenticateApiKey 的 finally 块中处理）
+ *
+ * @param {Object} req - Express 请求对象
+ * @param {Object} res - Express 响应对象
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @param {Object} queueOptions - 配置参数
+ * @returns {Promise<Object>} { acquired: boolean, reason?: string, waitTimeMs: number }
+ */
+async function waitForConcurrencySlot(req, res, apiKeyId, queueOptions) {
+  const {
+    concurrencyLimit,
+    requestId,
+    leaseSeconds,
+    timeoutMs,
+    pollIntervalMs,
+    maxPollIntervalMs,
+    backoffFactor,
+    jitterRatio,
+    maxRedisFailCount: configMaxRedisFailCount
+  } = queueOptions
+
+  let clientDisconnected = false
+  // 追踪轮询过程中是否临时占用了槽位（用于异常时清理）
+  // 工作流程：
+  // 1. incrConcurrency 成功且 count <= limit 时，设置 internalSlotAcquired = true
+  // 2. 统计记录完成后，设置 internalSlotAcquired = false 并返回（所有权转移给调用方）
+  // 3. 如果在步骤 1-2 之间发生异常，finally 块会检测到 internalSlotAcquired = true 并释放槽位
+  let internalSlotAcquired = false
+
+  // 监听客户端断开事件
+  // ⚠️ 重要：必须监听 socket 的事件，而不是 req 的事件！
+  // 原因：对于 POST 请求，当 body-parser 读取完请求体后，req（IncomingMessage 可读流）
+  // 的 'close' 事件会立即触发，但这不代表客户端断开连接！客户端仍在等待响应。
+  // socket 的 'close' 事件才是真正的连接关闭信号。
+  const { socket } = req
+  const onSocketClose = () => {
+    clientDisconnected = true
+    logger.debug(
+      `🔌 [Queue] Socket closed during queue wait for API key ${apiKeyId}, requestId: ${requestId}`
+    )
+  }
+
+  if (socket) {
+    socket.once('close', onSocketClose)
+  }
+
+  // 检查 socket 是否在监听器注册前已被销毁（边界情况）
+  if (socket?.destroyed) {
+    clientDisconnected = true
+  }
+
+  const startTime = Date.now()
+  let pollInterval = pollIntervalMs
+  let redisFailCount = 0
+  // 优先使用配置中的值，否则使用默认值
+  const maxRedisFailCount = configMaxRedisFailCount || QUEUE_POLLING_CONFIG.maxRedisFailCount
+
+  try {
+    while (Date.now() - startTime < timeoutMs) {
+      // 检测客户端是否断开（双重检查：事件标记 + socket 状态）
+      // socket.destroyed 是同步检查，确保即使事件处理有延迟也能及时检测
+      if (clientDisconnected || socket?.destroyed) {
+        redis
+          .incrConcurrencyQueueStats(apiKeyId, 'cancelled')
+          .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record cancelled stat:', e))
+        return {
+          acquired: false,
+          reason: 'client_disconnected',
+          waitTimeMs: Date.now() - startTime
+        }
+      }
+
+      // 尝试获取槽位（先占后检查）
+      try {
+        const count = await redis.incrConcurrency(apiKeyId, requestId, leaseSeconds)
+        redisFailCount = 0 // 重置失败计数
+
+        if (count <= concurrencyLimit) {
+          // 成功获取槽位！
+          const waitTimeMs = Date.now() - startTime
+
+          // 槽位所有权转移说明：
+          // 1. 此时槽位已通过 incrConcurrency 获取
+          // 2. 先标记 internalSlotAcquired = true，确保异常时 finally 块能清理
+          // 3. 统计操作完成后，清除标记并返回，所有权转移给调用方
+          // 4. 调用方（authenticateApiKey）负责在请求结束时释放槽位
+
+          // 标记槽位已获取（用于异常时 finally 块清理）
+          internalSlotAcquired = true
+
+          // 记录统计（非阻塞，fire-and-forget 模式）
+          // ⚠️ 设计说明：
+          // - 故意不 await 这些 Promise，因为统计记录不应阻塞请求处理
+          // - 每个 Promise 都有独立的 .catch()，确保单个失败不影响其他
+          // - 外层 .catch() 是防御性措施，处理 Promise.all 本身的异常
+          // - 即使统计记录在函数返回后才完成/失败，也是安全的（仅日志记录）
+          // - 统计数据丢失可接受，不影响核心业务逻辑
+          Promise.all([
+            redis
+              .recordQueueWaitTime(apiKeyId, waitTimeMs)
+              .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record queue wait time:', e)),
+            redis
+              .recordGlobalQueueWaitTime(waitTimeMs)
+              .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record global wait time:', e)),
+            redis
+              .incrConcurrencyQueueStats(apiKeyId, 'success')
+              .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to increment success stats:', e))
+          ]).catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record queue stats batch:', e))
+
+          // 成功返回前清除标记（所有权转移给调用方，由其负责释放）
+          internalSlotAcquired = false
+          return { acquired: true, waitTimeMs }
+        }
+
+        // 超限，释放槽位继续等待
+        try {
+          await redis.decrConcurrency(apiKeyId, requestId)
+        } catch (decrError) {
+          // 释放失败时记录警告但继续轮询
+          // 下次 incrConcurrency 会自然覆盖同一 requestId 的条目
+          logger.warn(
+            `Failed to release slot during polling for ${apiKeyId}, will retry:`,
+            decrError
+          )
+        }
+      } catch (redisError) {
+        redisFailCount++
+        logger.error(
+          `Redis error in queue polling (${redisFailCount}/${maxRedisFailCount}):`,
+          redisError
+        )
+
+        if (redisFailCount >= maxRedisFailCount) {
+          // 连续 Redis 失败，放弃排队
+          return {
+            acquired: false,
+            reason: 'redis_error',
+            waitTimeMs: Date.now() - startTime
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // 指数退避等待
+      await sleep(pollInterval)
+
+      // 计算下一次轮询间隔（指数退避 + 抖动）
+      // 1. 先应用指数退避
+      let nextInterval = pollInterval * backoffFactor
+      // 2. 添加抖动防止惊群效应（±jitterRatio 范围内的随机偏移）
+      //    抖动范围：[-jitterRatio, +jitterRatio]，例如 jitterRatio=0.2 时为 ±20%
+      //    这是预期行为：负抖动可使间隔略微缩短，正抖动可使间隔略微延长
+      //    目的是分散多个等待者的轮询时间点，避免同时请求 Redis
+      const jitter = nextInterval * jitterRatio * (Math.random() * 2 - 1)
+      nextInterval = nextInterval + jitter
+      // 3. 确保在合理范围内：最小 1ms，最大 maxPollIntervalMs
+      //    Math.max(1, ...) 保证即使负抖动也不会产生 ≤0 的间隔
+      pollInterval = Math.max(1, Math.min(nextInterval, maxPollIntervalMs))
+    }
+
+    // 超时
+    redis
+      .incrConcurrencyQueueStats(apiKeyId, 'timeout')
+      .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record timeout stat:', e))
+    return { acquired: false, reason: 'timeout', waitTimeMs: Date.now() - startTime }
+  } finally {
+    // 确保清理：
+    // 1. 减少排队计数（排队计数在调用方已增加，这里负责减少）
+    try {
+      await redis.decrConcurrencyQueue(apiKeyId)
+    } catch (cleanupError) {
+      // 清理失败记录错误（可能导致计数泄漏，但有 TTL 保护）
+      logger.error(
+        `Failed to decrement queue count in finally block for ${apiKeyId}:`,
+        cleanupError
+      )
+    }
+
+    // 2. 如果内部获取了槽位但未正常返回（异常路径），释放槽位
+    if (internalSlotAcquired) {
+      try {
+        await redis.decrConcurrency(apiKeyId, requestId)
+        logger.warn(
+          `⚠️ Released orphaned concurrency slot in finally block for ${apiKeyId}, requestId: ${requestId}`
+        )
+      } catch (slotCleanupError) {
+        logger.error(
+          `Failed to release orphaned concurrency slot for ${apiKeyId}:`,
+          slotCleanupError
+        )
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 清理 socket 事件监听器
+    if (socket) {
+      socket.removeListener('close', onSocketClose)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // 🔑 API Key验证中间件（优化版）
 const authenticateApiKey = async (req, res, next) => {
  const startTime = Date.now()
+  let authErrored = false
+  let concurrencyCleanup = null
+  let hasConcurrencySlot = false

  try {
    // 安全提取API Key，支持多种格式（包括Gemini CLI支持）
@@ -265,39 +575,346 @@ const authenticateApiKey = async (req, res, next) => {
      }
      const requestId = uuidv4()

+      // ⚠️ 优化后的 Connection: close 设置策略
+      // 问题背景：HTTP Keep-Alive 使多个请求共用同一个 TCP 连接
+      // 当第一个请求正在处理，第二个请求进入排队时，它们共用同一个 socket
+      // 如果客户端超时关闭连接，两个请求都会受影响
+      // 优化方案：只有在请求实际进入排队时才设置 Connection: close
+      // 未排队的请求保持 Keep-Alive，避免不必要的 TCP 握手开销
+      // 详见 design.md Decision 2: Connection: close 设置时机
+      // 注意：Connection: close 将在下方代码实际进入排队时设置（第 637 行左右）
+
+      // ============================================================
+      // 🔒 并发槽位状态管理说明
+      // ============================================================
+      // 此函数中有两个关键状态变量：
+      // - hasConcurrencySlot: 当前是否持有并发槽位
+      // - concurrencyCleanup: 错误时调用的清理函数
+      //
+      // 状态转换流程：
+      // 1. incrConcurrency 成功 → hasConcurrencySlot=true, 设置临时清理函数
+      // 2. 若超限 → 释放槽位，hasConcurrencySlot=false, concurrencyCleanup=null
+      // 3. 若排队成功 → hasConcurrencySlot=true, 升级为完整清理函数（含 interval 清理）
+      // 4. 请求结束（res.close/req.close）→ 调用 decrementConcurrency 释放
+      // 5. 认证错误 → finally 块调用 concurrencyCleanup 释放
+      //
+      // 为什么需要两种清理函数？
+      // - 临时清理：在排队/认证过程中出错时使用，只释放槽位
+      // - 完整清理：请求正常开始后使用，还需清理 leaseRenewInterval
+      // ============================================================
+      const setTemporaryConcurrencyCleanup = () => {
+        concurrencyCleanup = async () => {
+          if (!hasConcurrencySlot) {
+            return
+          }
+          hasConcurrencySlot = false
+          try {
+            await redis.decrConcurrency(validation.keyData.id, requestId)
+          } catch (cleanupError) {
+            logger.error(
+              `Failed to decrement concurrency after auth error for key ${validation.keyData.id}:`,
+              cleanupError
+            )
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
      const currentConcurrency = await redis.incrConcurrency(
        validation.keyData.id,
        requestId,
        leaseSeconds
      )
+      hasConcurrencySlot = true
+      setTemporaryConcurrencyCleanup()
      logger.api(
        `📈 Incremented concurrency for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), current: ${currentConcurrency}, limit: ${concurrencyLimit}`
      )

      if (currentConcurrency > concurrencyLimit) {
-        // 如果超过限制，立即减少计数（添加 try-catch 防止异常导致并发泄漏）
+        // 1. 先释放刚占用的槽位
        try {
-          const newCount = await redis.decrConcurrency(validation.keyData.id, requestId)
-          logger.api(
-            `📉 Decremented concurrency (429 rejected) for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), new count: ${newCount}`
-          )
+          await redis.decrConcurrency(validation.keyData.id, requestId)
        } catch (error) {
          logger.error(
            `Failed to decrement concurrency after limit exceeded for key ${validation.keyData.id}:`,
            error
          )
        }
-        logger.security(
-          `🚦 Concurrency limit exceeded for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${
-            validation.keyData.name
-          }), current: ${currentConcurrency - 1}, limit: ${concurrencyLimit}`
+        hasConcurrencySlot = false
+        concurrencyCleanup = null
+
+        // 2. 获取排队配置
+        const queueConfig = await claudeRelayConfigService.getConfig()
+
+        // 3. 排队功能未启用，直接返回 429（保持现有行为）
+        if (!queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled) {
+          logger.security(
+            `🚦 Concurrency limit exceeded for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${
+              validation.keyData.name
+            }), current: ${currentConcurrency - 1}, limit: ${concurrencyLimit}`
+          )
+          // 建议客户端在短暂延迟后重试（并发场景下通常很快会有槽位释放）
+          res.set('Retry-After', '1')
+          return res.status(429).json({
+            error: 'Concurrency limit exceeded',
+            message: `Too many concurrent requests. Limit: ${concurrencyLimit} concurrent requests`,
+            currentConcurrency: currentConcurrency - 1,
+            concurrencyLimit
+          })
+        }
+
+        // 4. 计算最大排队数
+        const maxQueueSize = Math.max(
+          concurrencyLimit * queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier,
+          queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize
        )
-        return res.status(429).json({
-          error: 'Concurrency limit exceeded',
-          message: `Too many concurrent requests. Limit: ${concurrencyLimit} concurrent requests`,
-          currentConcurrency: currentConcurrency - 1,
-          concurrencyLimit
-        })
+
+        // 4.5 排队健康检查：过载时快速失败
+        // 详见 design.md Decision 7: 排队健康检查与快速失败
+        const overloadCheck = await shouldRejectDueToOverload(
+          validation.keyData.id,
+          queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs,
+          queueConfig,
+          maxQueueSize
+        )
+        if (overloadCheck.reject) {
+          // 使用健康检查返回的当前排队数，避免重复调用 Redis
+          const currentQueueCount = overloadCheck.currentQueueCount || 0
+          logger.api(
+            `🚨 Queue overloaded for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), ` +
+              `P90=${overloadCheck.estimatedWaitMs}ms, timeout=${overloadCheck.timeoutMs}ms, ` +
+              `threshold=${overloadCheck.threshold}, samples=${overloadCheck.sampleCount}, ` +
+              `concurrency=${concurrencyLimit}, queue=${currentQueueCount}/${maxQueueSize}`
+          )
+          // 记录被拒绝的过载统计
+          redis
+            .incrConcurrencyQueueStats(validation.keyData.id, 'rejected_overload')
+            .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record rejected_overload stat:', e))
+          // 返回 429 + Retry-After，让客户端稍后重试
+          const retryAfterSeconds = 30
+          res.set('Retry-After', String(retryAfterSeconds))
+          return res.status(429).json({
+            error: 'Queue overloaded',
+            message: `Queue is overloaded. Estimated wait time (${overloadCheck.estimatedWaitMs}ms) exceeds threshold. Limit: ${concurrencyLimit} concurrent requests, queue: ${currentQueueCount}/${maxQueueSize}. Please retry later.`,
+            currentConcurrency: concurrencyLimit,
+            concurrencyLimit,
+            queueCount: currentQueueCount,
+            maxQueueSize,
+            estimatedWaitMs: overloadCheck.estimatedWaitMs,
+            timeoutMs: overloadCheck.timeoutMs,
+            queueTimeoutMs: queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs,
+            retryAfterSeconds
+          })
+        }
+
+        // 5. 尝试进入排队（原子操作：先增加再检查，避免竞态条件）
+        let queueIncremented = false
+        try {
+          const newQueueCount = await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(
+            validation.keyData.id,
+            queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs
+          )
+          queueIncremented = true
+
+          if (newQueueCount > maxQueueSize) {
+            // 超过最大排队数，立即释放并返回 429
+            await redis.decrConcurrencyQueue(validation.keyData.id)
+            queueIncremented = false
+            logger.api(
+              `🚦 Concurrency queue full for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), ` +
+                `queue: ${newQueueCount - 1}, maxQueue: ${maxQueueSize}`
+            )
+            // 队列已满，建议客户端在排队超时时间后重试
+            const retryAfterSeconds = Math.ceil(queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs / 1000)
+            res.set('Retry-After', String(retryAfterSeconds))
+            return res.status(429).json({
+              error: 'Concurrency queue full',
+              message: `Too many requests waiting in queue. Limit: ${concurrencyLimit} concurrent requests, queue: ${newQueueCount - 1}/${maxQueueSize}, timeout: ${retryAfterSeconds}s`,
+              currentConcurrency: concurrencyLimit,
+              concurrencyLimit,
+              queueCount: newQueueCount - 1,
+              maxQueueSize,
+              queueTimeoutMs: queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs,
+              retryAfterSeconds
+            })
+          }
+
+          // 6. 已成功进入排队，记录统计并开始等待槽位
+          logger.api(
+            `⏳ Request entering queue for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), ` +
+              `queue position: ${newQueueCount}`
+          )
+          redis
+            .incrConcurrencyQueueStats(validation.keyData.id, 'entered')
+            .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record entered stat:', e))
+
+          // ⚠️ 仅在请求实际进入排队时设置 Connection: close
+          // 详见 design.md Decision 2: Connection: close 设置时机
+          // 未排队的请求保持 Keep-Alive，避免不必要的 TCP 握手开销
+          if (!res.headersSent) {
+            res.setHeader('Connection', 'close')
+            logger.api(
+              `🔌 [Queue] Set Connection: close for queued request, key: ${validation.keyData.id}`
+            )
+          }
+
+          // ⚠️ 记录排队开始时的 socket 标识，用于排队完成后验证
+          // 问题背景：HTTP Keep-Alive 连接复用时，长时间排队可能导致 socket 被其他请求使用
+          // 验证方法：使用 UUID token + socket 对象引用双重验证
+          // 详见 design.md Decision 1: Socket 身份验证机制
+          req._crService = req._crService || {}
+          req._crService.queueToken = uuidv4()
+          req._crService.originalSocket = req.socket
+          req._crService.startTime = Date.now()
+          const savedToken = req._crService.queueToken
+          const savedSocket = req._crService.originalSocket
+
+          // ⚠️ 重要：在调用前将 queueIncremented 设为 false
+          // 因为 waitForConcurrencySlot 的 finally 块会负责清理排队计数
+          // 如果在调用后设置，当 waitForConcurrencySlot 抛出异常时
+          // 外层 catch 块会重复减少计数（finally 已经减过一次）
+          queueIncremented = false
+
+          const slot = await waitForConcurrencySlot(req, res, validation.keyData.id, {
+            concurrencyLimit,
+            requestId,
+            leaseSeconds,
+            timeoutMs: queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs,
+            pollIntervalMs: QUEUE_POLLING_CONFIG.pollIntervalMs,
+            maxPollIntervalMs: QUEUE_POLLING_CONFIG.maxPollIntervalMs,
+            backoffFactor: QUEUE_POLLING_CONFIG.backoffFactor,
+            jitterRatio: QUEUE_POLLING_CONFIG.jitterRatio,
+            maxRedisFailCount: queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueMaxRedisFailCount
+          })
+
+          // 7. 处理排队结果
+          if (!slot.acquired) {
+            if (slot.reason === 'client_disconnected') {
+              // 客户端已断开，不返回响应（连接已关闭）
+              logger.api(
+                `🔌 Client disconnected while queuing for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name})`
+              )
+              return
+            }
+
+            if (slot.reason === 'redis_error') {
+              // Redis 连续失败，返回 503
+              logger.error(
+                `❌ Redis error during queue wait for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name})`
+              )
+              return res.status(503).json({
+                error: 'Service temporarily unavailable',
+                message: 'Failed to acquire concurrency slot due to internal error'
+              })
+            }
+            // 排队超时（使用 api 级别，与其他排队日志保持一致）
+            logger.api(
+              `⏰ Queue timeout for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), waited: ${slot.waitTimeMs}ms`
+            )
+            // 已等待超时，建议客户端稍后重试
+            // ⚠️ Retry-After 策略优化：
+            // - 请求已经等了完整的 timeout 时间，说明系统负载较高
+            // - 过早重试（如固定 5 秒）会加剧拥塞，导致更多超时
+            // - 合理策略：使用 timeout 时间的一半作为重试间隔
+            // - 最小值 5 秒，最大值 30 秒，避免极端情况
+            const timeoutSeconds = Math.ceil(queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs / 1000)
+            const retryAfterSeconds = Math.max(5, Math.min(30, Math.ceil(timeoutSeconds / 2)))
+            res.set('Retry-After', String(retryAfterSeconds))
+            return res.status(429).json({
+              error: 'Queue timeout',
+              message: `Request timed out waiting for concurrency slot. Limit: ${concurrencyLimit} concurrent requests, maxQueue: ${maxQueueSize}, Queue timeout: ${timeoutSeconds}s, waited: ${slot.waitTimeMs}ms`,
+              currentConcurrency: concurrencyLimit,
+              concurrencyLimit,
+              maxQueueSize,
+              queueTimeoutMs: queueConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs,
+              waitTimeMs: slot.waitTimeMs,
+              retryAfterSeconds
+            })
+          }
+
+          // 8. 排队成功，slot.acquired 表示已在 waitForConcurrencySlot 中获取到槽位
+          logger.api(
+            `✅ Queue wait completed for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), ` +
+              `waited: ${slot.waitTimeMs}ms`
+          )
+          hasConcurrencySlot = true
+          setTemporaryConcurrencyCleanup()
+
+          // 9. ⚠️ 关键检查：排队等待结束后，验证客户端是否还在等待响应
+          // 长时间排队后，客户端可能在应用层已放弃（如 Claude Code 的超时机制），
+          // 但 TCP 连接仍然存活。此时继续处理请求是浪费资源。
+          // 注意：如果发送了心跳，headersSent 会是 true，但这是正常的
+          const postQueueSocket = req.socket
+          // 只检查连接是否真正断开（destroyed/writableEnded/socketDestroyed）
+          // headersSent 在心跳场景下是正常的，不应该作为放弃的依据
+          if (res.destroyed || res.writableEnded || postQueueSocket?.destroyed) {
+            logger.warn(
+              `⚠️ Client no longer waiting after queue for key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), ` +
+                `waited: ${slot.waitTimeMs}ms | destroyed: ${res.destroyed}, ` +
+                `writableEnded: ${res.writableEnded}, socketDestroyed: ${postQueueSocket?.destroyed}`
+            )
+            // 释放刚获取的槽位
+            hasConcurrencySlot = false
+            await redis
+              .decrConcurrency(validation.keyData.id, requestId)
+              .catch((e) => logger.error('Failed to release slot after client abandoned:', e))
+            // 不返回响应（客户端已不在等待）
+            return
+          }
+
+          // 10. ⚠️ 关键检查：验证 socket 身份是否改变
+          // HTTP Keep-Alive 连接复用可能导致排队期间 socket 被其他请求使用
+          // 验证方法：UUID token + socket 对象引用双重验证
+          // 详见 design.md Decision 1: Socket 身份验证机制
+          const queueData = req._crService
+          const socketIdentityChanged =
+            !queueData ||
+            queueData.queueToken !== savedToken ||
+            queueData.originalSocket !== savedSocket
+
+          if (socketIdentityChanged) {
+            logger.error(
+              `❌ [Queue] Socket identity changed during queue wait! ` +
+                `key: ${validation.keyData.id} (${validation.keyData.name}), ` +
+                `waited: ${slot.waitTimeMs}ms | ` +
+                `tokenMatch: ${queueData?.queueToken === savedToken}, ` +
+                `socketMatch: ${queueData?.originalSocket === savedSocket}`
+            )
+            // 释放刚获取的槽位
+            hasConcurrencySlot = false
+            await redis
+              .decrConcurrency(validation.keyData.id, requestId)
+              .catch((e) => logger.error('Failed to release slot after socket identity change:', e))
+            // 记录 socket_changed 统计
+            redis
+              .incrConcurrencyQueueStats(validation.keyData.id, 'socket_changed')
+              .catch((e) => logger.warn('Failed to record socket_changed stat:', e))
+            // 不返回响应（socket 已被其他请求使用）
+            return
+          }
+        } catch (queueError) {
+          // 异常时清理资源，防止泄漏
+          // 1. 清理排队计数（如果还没被 waitForConcurrencySlot 的 finally 清理）
+          if (queueIncremented) {
+            await redis
+              .decrConcurrencyQueue(validation.keyData.id)
+              .catch((e) => logger.error('Failed to cleanup queue count after error:', e))
+          }
+
+          // 2. 防御性清理：如果 waitForConcurrencySlot 内部获取了槽位但在返回前异常
+          //    虽然这种情况极少发生（统计记录的异常会被内部捕获），但为了安全起见
+          //    尝试释放可能已获取的槽位。decrConcurrency 使用 ZREM，即使成员不存在也安全
+          if (hasConcurrencySlot) {
+            hasConcurrencySlot = false
+            await redis
+              .decrConcurrency(validation.keyData.id, requestId)
+              .catch((e) =>
+                logger.error('Failed to cleanup concurrency slot after queue error:', e)
+              )
+          }
+
+          throw queueError
+        }
      }

      const renewIntervalMs =
@@ -358,6 +975,7 @@ const authenticateApiKey = async (req, res, next) => {
      const decrementConcurrency = async () => {
        if (!concurrencyDecremented) {
          concurrencyDecremented = true
+          hasConcurrencySlot = false
          if (leaseRenewInterval) {
            clearInterval(leaseRenewInterval)
            leaseRenewInterval = null
@@ -372,6 +990,11 @@ const authenticateApiKey = async (req, res, next) => {
          }
        }
      }
+      // 升级为完整清理函数（包含 leaseRenewInterval 清理逻辑）
+      // 此时请求已通过认证，后续由 res.close/req.close 事件触发清理
+      if (hasConcurrencySlot) {
+        concurrencyCleanup = decrementConcurrency
+      }

      // 监听最可靠的事件（避免重复监听）
      // res.on('close') 是最可靠的，会在连接关闭时触发
@@ -697,6 +1320,7 @@ const authenticateApiKey = async (req, res, next) => {

    return next()
  } catch (error) {
+    authErrored = true
    const authDuration = Date.now() - startTime
    logger.error(`❌ Authentication middleware error (${authDuration}ms):`, {
      error: error.message,
@@ -710,6 +1334,14 @@ const authenticateApiKey = async (req, res, next) => {
      error: 'Authentication error',
      message: 'Internal server error during authentication'
    })
+  } finally {
+    if (authErrored && typeof concurrencyCleanup === 'function') {
+      try {
+        await concurrencyCleanup()
+      } catch (cleanupError) {
+        logger.error('Failed to cleanup concurrency after auth error:', cleanupError)
+      }
+    }
  }
 }

@@ -757,6 +1389,18 @@ const authenticateAdmin = async (req, res, next) => {
      })
    }

+    // 🔒 安全修复：验证会话必须字段（防止伪造会话绕过认证）
+    if (!adminSession.username || !adminSession.loginTime) {
+      logger.security(
+        `🔒 Corrupted admin session from ${req.ip || 'unknown'} - missing required fields (username: ${!!adminSession.username}, loginTime: ${!!adminSession.loginTime})`
+      )
+      await redis.deleteSession(token) // 清理无效/伪造的会话
+      return res.status(401).json({
+        error: 'Invalid session',
+        message: 'Session data corrupted or incomplete'
+      })
+    }
+
    // 检查会话活跃性（可选：检查最后活动时间）
    const now = new Date()
    const lastActivity = new Date(adminSession.lastActivity || adminSession.loginTime)
@@ -790,7 +1434,6 @@ const authenticateAdmin = async (req, res, next) => {

    // 设置管理员信息（只包含必要信息）
    req.admin = {
-      id: adminSession.adminId || 'admin',
      username: adminSession.username,
      sessionId: token,
      loginTime: adminSession.loginTime
@@ -923,17 +1566,25 @@ const authenticateUserOrAdmin = async (req, res, next) => {
      try {
        const adminSession = await redis.getSession(adminToken)
        if (adminSession && Object.keys(adminSession).length > 0) {
-          req.admin = {
-            id: adminSession.adminId || 'admin',
-            username: adminSession.username,
-            sessionId: adminToken,
-            loginTime: adminSession.loginTime
-          }
-          req.userType = 'admin'
+          // 🔒 安全修复：验证会话必须字段（与 authenticateAdmin 保持一致）
+          if (!adminSession.username || !adminSession.loginTime) {
+            logger.security(
+              `🔒 Corrupted admin session in authenticateUserOrAdmin from ${req.ip || 'unknown'} - missing required fields (username: ${!!adminSession.username}, loginTime: ${!!adminSession.loginTime})`
+            )
+            await redis.deleteSession(adminToken) // 清理无效/伪造的会话
+            // 不返回 401，继续尝试用户认证
+          } else {
+            req.admin = {
+              username: adminSession.username,
+              sessionId: adminToken,
+              loginTime: adminSession.loginTime
+            }
+            req.userType = 'admin'

-          const authDuration = Date.now() - startTime
-          logger.security(`🔐 Admin authenticated: ${adminSession.username} in ${authDuration}ms`)
-          return next()
+            const authDuration = Date.now() - startTime
+            logger.security(`🔐 Admin authenticated: ${adminSession.username} in ${authDuration}ms`)
+            return next()
+          }
        }
      } catch (error) {
        logger.debug('Admin authentication failed, trying user authentication:', error.message)
@@ -1112,9 +1763,13 @@ const requestLogger = (req, res, next) => {
  const referer = req.get('Referer') || 'none'

  // 记录请求开始
+  const isDebugRoute = req.originalUrl.includes('event_logging')
  if (req.originalUrl !== '/health') {
-    // 避免健康检查日志过多
-    logger.info(`▶️ [${requestId}] ${req.method} ${req.originalUrl} | IP: ${clientIP}`)
+    if (isDebugRoute) {
+      logger.debug(`▶️ [${requestId}] ${req.method} ${req.originalUrl} | IP: ${clientIP}`)
+    } else {
+      logger.info(`▶️ [${requestId}] ${req.method} ${req.originalUrl} | IP: ${clientIP}`)
+    }
  }

  res.on('finish', () => {
@@ -1146,7 +1801,14 @@ const requestLogger = (req, res, next) => {
        logMetadata
      )
    } else if (req.originalUrl !== '/health') {
-      logger.request(req.method, req.originalUrl, res.statusCode, duration, logMetadata)
+      if (isDebugRoute) {
+        logger.debug(
+          `🟢 ${req.method} ${req.originalUrl} - ${res.statusCode} (${duration}ms)`,
+          logMetadata
+        )
+      } else {
+        logger.request(req.method, req.originalUrl, res.statusCode, duration, logMetadata)
+      }
    }

    // API Key相关日志
@@ -1388,7 +2050,8 @@ const globalRateLimit = async (req, res, next) =>

 // 📊 请求大小限制中间件
 const requestSizeLimit = (req, res, next) => {
-  const maxSize = 60 * 1024 * 1024 // 60MB
+  const MAX_SIZE_MB = parseInt(process.env.REQUEST_MAX_SIZE_MB || '100', 10)
+  const maxSize = MAX_SIZE_MB * 1024 * 1024
  const contentLength = parseInt(req.headers['content-length'] || '0')

  if (contentLength > maxSize) {
@@ -1396,7 +2059,7 @@ const requestSizeLimit = (req, res, next) => {
    return res.status(413).json({
      error: 'Payload Too Large',
      message: 'Request body size exceeds limit',
-      limit: '10MB'
+      limit: `${MAX_SIZE_MB}MB`
    })
  }

--- a/src/models/redis.js
+++ b/src/models/redis.js
@@ -50,6 +50,18 @@ function getWeekStringInTimezone(date = new Date()) {
  return `${year}-W${String(weekNumber).padStart(2, '0')}`
 }

+// 并发队列相关常量
+const QUEUE_STATS_TTL_SECONDS = 86400 * 7 // 统计计数保留 7 天
+const WAIT_TIME_TTL_SECONDS = 86400 // 等待时间样本保留 1 天（滚动窗口，无需长期保留）
+// 等待时间样本数配置（提高统计置信度）
+// - 每 API Key 从 100 提高到 500：提供更稳定的 P99 估计
+// - 全局从 500 提高到 2000：支持更高精度的 P99.9 分析
+// - 内存开销约 12-20KB（Redis quicklist 每元素 1-10 字节），可接受
+// 详见 design.md Decision 5: 等待时间统计样本数
+const WAIT_TIME_SAMPLES_PER_KEY = 500 // 每个 API Key 保留的等待时间样本数
+const WAIT_TIME_SAMPLES_GLOBAL = 2000 // 全局保留的等待时间样本数
+const QUEUE_TTL_BUFFER_SECONDS = 30 // 排队计数器TTL缓冲时间
+
 class RedisClient {
  constructor() {
    this.client = null
@@ -84,7 +96,25 @@ class RedisClient {
        logger.warn('⚠️  Redis connection closed')
      })

-      await this.client.connect()
+      // 只有在 lazyConnect 模式下才需要手动调用 connect()
+      // 如果 Redis 已经连接或正在连接中，则跳过
+      if (
+        this.client.status !== 'connecting' &&
+        this.client.status !== 'connect' &&
+        this.client.status !== 'ready'
+      ) {
+        await this.client.connect()
+      } else {
+        // 等待 ready 状态
+        await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+          if (this.client.status === 'ready') {
+            resolve()
+          } else {
+            this.client.once('ready', resolve)
+            this.client.once('error', reject)
+          }
+        })
+      }
      return this.client
    } catch (error) {
      logger.error('💥 Failed to connect to Redis:', error)
@@ -1491,6 +1521,123 @@ class RedisClient {
    return await this.client.del(key)
  }

+  // 💰 账户余额缓存（API 查询结果）
+  async setAccountBalance(platform, accountId, balanceData, ttl = 3600) {
+    const key = `account_balance:${platform}:${accountId}`
+
+    const payload = {
+      balance:
+        balanceData && balanceData.balance !== null && balanceData.balance !== undefined
+          ? String(balanceData.balance)
+          : '',
+      currency: balanceData?.currency || 'USD',
+      lastRefreshAt: balanceData?.lastRefreshAt || new Date().toISOString(),
+      queryMethod: balanceData?.queryMethod || 'api',
+      status: balanceData?.status || 'success',
+      errorMessage: balanceData?.errorMessage || balanceData?.error || '',
+      rawData: balanceData?.rawData ? JSON.stringify(balanceData.rawData) : '',
+      quota: balanceData?.quota ? JSON.stringify(balanceData.quota) : ''
+    }
+
+    await this.client.hset(key, payload)
+    await this.client.expire(key, ttl)
+  }
+
+  async getAccountBalance(platform, accountId) {
+    const key = `account_balance:${platform}:${accountId}`
+    const [data, ttlSeconds] = await Promise.all([this.client.hgetall(key), this.client.ttl(key)])
+
+    if (!data || Object.keys(data).length === 0) {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    let rawData = null
+    if (data.rawData) {
+      try {
+        rawData = JSON.parse(data.rawData)
+      } catch (error) {
+        rawData = null
+      }
+    }
+
+    let quota = null
+    if (data.quota) {
+      try {
+        quota = JSON.parse(data.quota)
+      } catch (error) {
+        quota = null
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      balance: data.balance ? parseFloat(data.balance) : null,
+      currency: data.currency || 'USD',
+      lastRefreshAt: data.lastRefreshAt || null,
+      queryMethod: data.queryMethod || null,
+      status: data.status || null,
+      errorMessage: data.errorMessage || '',
+      rawData,
+      quota,
+      ttlSeconds: Number.isFinite(ttlSeconds) ? ttlSeconds : null
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 📊 账户余额缓存（本地统计）
+  async setLocalBalance(platform, accountId, statisticsData, ttl = 300) {
+    const key = `account_balance_local:${platform}:${accountId}`
+
+    await this.client.hset(key, {
+      estimatedBalance: JSON.stringify(statisticsData || {}),
+      lastCalculated: new Date().toISOString()
+    })
+    await this.client.expire(key, ttl)
+  }
+
+  async getLocalBalance(platform, accountId) {
+    const key = `account_balance_local:${platform}:${accountId}`
+    const data = await this.client.hgetall(key)
+
+    if (!data || !data.estimatedBalance) {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return JSON.parse(data.estimatedBalance)
+    } catch (error) {
+      return null
+    }
+  }
+
+  async deleteAccountBalance(platform, accountId) {
+    const key = `account_balance:${platform}:${accountId}`
+    const localKey = `account_balance_local:${platform}:${accountId}`
+    await this.client.del(key, localKey)
+  }
+
+  // 🧩 账户余额脚本配置
+  async setBalanceScriptConfig(platform, accountId, scriptConfig) {
+    const key = `account_balance_script:${platform}:${accountId}`
+    await this.client.set(key, JSON.stringify(scriptConfig || {}))
+  }
+
+  async getBalanceScriptConfig(platform, accountId) {
+    const key = `account_balance_script:${platform}:${accountId}`
+    const raw = await this.client.get(key)
+    if (!raw) {
+      return null
+    }
+    try {
+      return JSON.parse(raw)
+    } catch (error) {
+      return null
+    }
+  }
+
+  async deleteBalanceScriptConfig(platform, accountId) {
+    const key = `account_balance_script:${platform}:${accountId}`
+    return await this.client.del(key)
+  }
+
  // 📈 系统统计
  async getSystemStats() {
    const keys = await Promise.all([
@@ -2110,6 +2257,27 @@ class RedisClient {
      const results = []

      for (const key of keys) {
+        // 跳过已知非 Sorted Set 类型的键
+        // - concurrency:queue:stats:* 是 Hash 类型
+        // - concurrency:queue:wait_times:* 是 List 类型
+        // - concurrency:queue:* (不含stats/wait_times) 是 String 类型
+        if (
+          key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:stats:') ||
+          key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:wait_times:') ||
+          (key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:') &&
+            !key.includes(':stats:') &&
+            !key.includes(':wait_times:'))
+        ) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 检查键类型，只处理 Sorted Set
+        const keyType = await client.type(key)
+        if (keyType !== 'zset') {
+          logger.debug(`🔢 getAllConcurrencyStatus skipped non-zset key: ${key} (type: ${keyType})`)
+          continue
+        }
+
        // 提取 apiKeyId（去掉 concurrency: 前缀）
        const apiKeyId = key.replace('concurrency:', '')

@@ -2172,6 +2340,23 @@ class RedisClient {
        }
      }

+      // 检查键类型，只处理 Sorted Set
+      const keyType = await client.type(key)
+      if (keyType !== 'zset') {
+        logger.warn(
+          `⚠️ getConcurrencyStatus: key ${key} has unexpected type: ${keyType}, expected zset`
+        )
+        return {
+          apiKeyId,
+          key,
+          activeCount: 0,
+          expiredCount: 0,
+          activeRequests: [],
+          exists: true,
+          invalidType: keyType
+        }
+      }
+
      // 获取所有成员和分数
      const allMembers = await client.zrange(key, 0, -1, 'WITHSCORES')

@@ -2221,20 +2406,36 @@ class RedisClient {
      const client = this.getClientSafe()
      const key = `concurrency:${apiKeyId}`

-      // 获取清理前的状态
-      const beforeCount = await client.zcard(key)
+      // 检查键类型
+      const keyType = await client.type(key)

-      // 删除整个 key
+      let beforeCount = 0
+      let isLegacy = false
+
+      if (keyType === 'zset') {
+        // 正常的 zset 键，获取条目数
+        beforeCount = await client.zcard(key)
+      } else if (keyType !== 'none') {
+        // 非 zset 且非空的遗留键
+        isLegacy = true
+        logger.warn(
+          `⚠️ forceClearConcurrency: key ${key} has unexpected type: ${keyType}, will be deleted`
+        )
+      }
+
+      // 删除键（无论什么类型）
      await client.del(key)

      logger.warn(
-        `🧹 Force cleared concurrency for key ${apiKeyId}, removed ${beforeCount} entries`
+        `🧹 Force cleared concurrency for key ${apiKeyId}, removed ${beforeCount} entries${isLegacy ? ' (legacy key)' : ''}`
      )

      return {
        apiKeyId,
        key,
        clearedCount: beforeCount,
+        type: keyType,
+        legacy: isLegacy,
        success: true
      }
    } catch (error) {
@@ -2253,25 +2454,47 @@ class RedisClient {
      const keys = await client.keys('concurrency:*')

      let totalCleared = 0
+      let legacyCleared = 0
      const clearedKeys = []

      for (const key of keys) {
-        const count = await client.zcard(key)
-        await client.del(key)
-        totalCleared += count
-        clearedKeys.push({
-          key,
-          clearedCount: count
-        })
+        // 跳过 queue 相关的键（它们有各自的清理逻辑）
+        if (key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:')) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 检查键类型
+        const keyType = await client.type(key)
+        if (keyType === 'zset') {
+          const count = await client.zcard(key)
+          await client.del(key)
+          totalCleared += count
+          clearedKeys.push({
+            key,
+            clearedCount: count,
+            type: 'zset'
+          })
+        } else {
+          // 非 zset 类型的遗留键，直接删除
+          await client.del(key)
+          legacyCleared++
+          clearedKeys.push({
+            key,
+            clearedCount: 0,
+            type: keyType,
+            legacy: true
+          })
+        }
      }

      logger.warn(
-        `🧹 Force cleared all concurrency: ${keys.length} keys, ${totalCleared} total entries`
+        `🧹 Force cleared all concurrency: ${clearedKeys.length} keys, ${totalCleared} entries, ${legacyCleared} legacy keys`
      )

      return {
-        keysCleared: keys.length,
+        keysCleared: clearedKeys.length,
        totalEntriesCleared: totalCleared,
+        legacyKeysCleared: legacyCleared,
        clearedKeys,
        success: true
      }
@@ -2299,9 +2522,30 @@ class RedisClient {
      }

      let totalCleaned = 0
+      let legacyCleaned = 0
      const cleanedKeys = []

      for (const key of keys) {
+        // 跳过 queue 相关的键（它们有各自的清理逻辑）
+        if (key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:')) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 检查键类型
+        const keyType = await client.type(key)
+        if (keyType !== 'zset') {
+          // 非 zset 类型的遗留键，直接删除
+          await client.del(key)
+          legacyCleaned++
+          cleanedKeys.push({
+            key,
+            cleanedCount: 0,
+            type: keyType,
+            legacy: true
+          })
+          continue
+        }
+
        // 只清理过期的条目
        const cleaned = await client.zremrangebyscore(key, '-inf', now)
        if (cleaned > 0) {
@@ -2320,13 +2564,14 @@ class RedisClient {
      }

      logger.info(
-        `🧹 Cleaned up expired concurrency: ${totalCleaned} entries from ${cleanedKeys.length} keys`
+        `🧹 Cleaned up expired concurrency: ${totalCleaned} entries from ${cleanedKeys.length} keys, ${legacyCleaned} legacy keys removed`
      )

      return {
        keysProcessed: keys.length,
        keysCleaned: cleanedKeys.length,
        totalEntriesCleaned: totalCleaned,
+        legacyKeysRemoved: legacyCleaned,
        cleanedKeys,
        success: true
      }
@@ -2769,4 +3014,625 @@ redisClient.scanUserMessageQueueLocks = async function () {
  }
 }

+// ============================================
+// 🚦 API Key 并发请求排队方法
+// ============================================
+
+/**
+ * 增加排队计数（使用 Lua 脚本确保原子性）
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @param {number} [timeoutMs=60000] - 排队超时时间（毫秒），用于计算 TTL
+ * @returns {Promise<number>} 增加后的排队数量
+ */
+redisClient.incrConcurrencyQueue = async function (apiKeyId, timeoutMs = 60000) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    // 使用 Lua 脚本确保 INCR 和 EXPIRE 原子执行，防止进程崩溃导致计数器泄漏
+    // TTL = 超时时间 + 缓冲时间（确保键不会在请求还在等待时过期）
+    const ttlSeconds = Math.ceil(timeoutMs / 1000) + QUEUE_TTL_BUFFER_SECONDS
+    const script = `
+      local count = redis.call('INCR', KEYS[1])
+      redis.call('EXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
+      return count
+    `
+    const count = await this.client.eval(script, 1, key, String(ttlSeconds))
+    logger.database(
+      `🚦 Incremented queue count for key ${apiKeyId}: ${count} (TTL: ${ttlSeconds}s)`
+    )
+    return parseInt(count)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to increment concurrency queue for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 减少排队计数（使用 Lua 脚本确保原子性）
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @returns {Promise<number>} 减少后的排队数量
+ */
+redisClient.decrConcurrencyQueue = async function (apiKeyId) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    // 使用 Lua 脚本确保 DECR 和 DEL 原子执行，防止进程崩溃导致计数器残留
+    const script = `
+      local count = redis.call('DECR', KEYS[1])
+      if count <= 0 then
+        redis.call('DEL', KEYS[1])
+        return 0
+      end
+      return count
+    `
+    const count = await this.client.eval(script, 1, key)
+    const result = parseInt(count)
+    if (result === 0) {
+      logger.database(`🚦 Queue count for key ${apiKeyId} is 0, removed key`)
+    } else {
+      logger.database(`🚦 Decremented queue count for key ${apiKeyId}: ${result}`)
+    }
+    return result
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to decrement concurrency queue for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取排队计数
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @returns {Promise<number>} 当前排队数量
+ */
+redisClient.getConcurrencyQueueCount = async function (apiKeyId) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    const count = await this.client.get(key)
+    return parseInt(count || 0)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get concurrency queue count for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    return 0
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 清空排队计数
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>} 是否成功清空
+ */
+redisClient.clearConcurrencyQueue = async function (apiKeyId) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    await this.client.del(key)
+    logger.database(`🚦 Cleared queue count for key ${apiKeyId}`)
+    return true
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to clear concurrency queue for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 扫描所有排队计数器
+ * @returns {Promise<string[]>} API Key ID 列表
+ */
+redisClient.scanConcurrencyQueueKeys = async function () {
+  const apiKeyIds = []
+  let cursor = '0'
+  let iterations = 0
+  const MAX_ITERATIONS = 1000
+
+  try {
+    do {
+      const [newCursor, keys] = await this.client.scan(
+        cursor,
+        'MATCH',
+        'concurrency:queue:*',
+        'COUNT',
+        100
+      )
+      cursor = newCursor
+      iterations++
+
+      for (const key of keys) {
+        // 排除统计和等待时间相关的键
+        if (
+          key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:stats:') ||
+          key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:wait_times:')
+        ) {
+          continue
+        }
+        const apiKeyId = key.replace('concurrency:queue:', '')
+        apiKeyIds.push(apiKeyId)
+      }
+
+      if (iterations >= MAX_ITERATIONS) {
+        logger.warn(
+          `🚦 Concurrency queue: SCAN reached max iterations (${MAX_ITERATIONS}), stopping early`,
+          { foundQueues: apiKeyIds.length }
+        )
+        break
+      }
+    } while (cursor !== '0')
+
+    return apiKeyIds
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to scan concurrency queue keys:', error)
+    return []
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 清理所有排队计数器（用于服务重启）
+ * @returns {Promise<number>} 清理的计数器数量
+ */
+redisClient.clearAllConcurrencyQueues = async function () {
+  let cleared = 0
+  let cursor = '0'
+  let iterations = 0
+  const MAX_ITERATIONS = 1000
+
+  try {
+    do {
+      const [newCursor, keys] = await this.client.scan(
+        cursor,
+        'MATCH',
+        'concurrency:queue:*',
+        'COUNT',
+        100
+      )
+      cursor = newCursor
+      iterations++
+
+      // 只删除排队计数器，保留统计数据
+      const queueKeys = keys.filter(
+        (key) =>
+          !key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:stats:') &&
+          !key.startsWith('concurrency:queue:wait_times:')
+      )
+
+      if (queueKeys.length > 0) {
+        await this.client.del(...queueKeys)
+        cleared += queueKeys.length
+      }
+
+      if (iterations >= MAX_ITERATIONS) {
+        break
+      }
+    } while (cursor !== '0')
+
+    if (cleared > 0) {
+      logger.info(`🚦 Cleared ${cleared} concurrency queue counter(s) on startup`)
+    }
+    return cleared
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to clear all concurrency queues:', error)
+    return 0
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 增加排队统计计数（使用 Lua 脚本确保原子性）
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @param {string} field - 统计字段 (entered/success/timeout/cancelled)
+ * @returns {Promise<number>} 增加后的计数
+ */
+redisClient.incrConcurrencyQueueStats = async function (apiKeyId, field) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:stats:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    // 使用 Lua 脚本确保 HINCRBY 和 EXPIRE 原子执行
+    // 防止在两者之间崩溃导致统计键没有 TTL（内存泄漏）
+    const script = `
+      local count = redis.call('HINCRBY', KEYS[1], ARGV[1], 1)
+      redis.call('EXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[2])
+      return count
+    `
+    const count = await this.client.eval(script, 1, key, field, String(QUEUE_STATS_TTL_SECONDS))
+    return parseInt(count)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to increment queue stats ${field} for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    return 0
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取排队统计
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @returns {Promise<Object>} 统计数据
+ */
+redisClient.getConcurrencyQueueStats = async function (apiKeyId) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:stats:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    const stats = await this.client.hgetall(key)
+    return {
+      entered: parseInt(stats?.entered || 0),
+      success: parseInt(stats?.success || 0),
+      timeout: parseInt(stats?.timeout || 0),
+      cancelled: parseInt(stats?.cancelled || 0),
+      socket_changed: parseInt(stats?.socket_changed || 0),
+      rejected_overload: parseInt(stats?.rejected_overload || 0)
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get queue stats for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    return {
+      entered: 0,
+      success: 0,
+      timeout: 0,
+      cancelled: 0,
+      socket_changed: 0,
+      rejected_overload: 0
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 记录排队等待时间（按 API Key 分开存储）
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @param {number} waitTimeMs - 等待时间（毫秒）
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ */
+redisClient.recordQueueWaitTime = async function (apiKeyId, waitTimeMs) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:wait_times:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    // 使用 Lua 脚本确保原子性，同时设置 TTL 防止内存泄漏
+    const script = `
+      redis.call('LPUSH', KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
+      redis.call('LTRIM', KEYS[1], 0, ARGV[2])
+      redis.call('EXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[3])
+      return 1
+    `
+    await this.client.eval(
+      script,
+      1,
+      key,
+      waitTimeMs,
+      WAIT_TIME_SAMPLES_PER_KEY - 1,
+      WAIT_TIME_TTL_SECONDS
+    )
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to record queue wait time for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 记录全局排队等待时间
+ * @param {number} waitTimeMs - 等待时间（毫秒）
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ */
+redisClient.recordGlobalQueueWaitTime = async function (waitTimeMs) {
+  const key = 'concurrency:queue:wait_times:global'
+  try {
+    // 使用 Lua 脚本确保原子性，同时设置 TTL 防止内存泄漏
+    const script = `
+      redis.call('LPUSH', KEYS[1], ARGV[1])
+      redis.call('LTRIM', KEYS[1], 0, ARGV[2])
+      redis.call('EXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[3])
+      return 1
+    `
+    await this.client.eval(
+      script,
+      1,
+      key,
+      waitTimeMs,
+      WAIT_TIME_SAMPLES_GLOBAL - 1,
+      WAIT_TIME_TTL_SECONDS
+    )
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to record global queue wait time:', error)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取全局等待时间列表
+ * @returns {Promise<number[]>} 等待时间列表
+ */
+redisClient.getGlobalQueueWaitTimes = async function () {
+  const key = 'concurrency:queue:wait_times:global'
+  try {
+    const samples = await this.client.lrange(key, 0, -1)
+    return samples.map(Number)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to get global queue wait times:', error)
+    return []
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取指定 API Key 的等待时间列表
+ * @param {string} apiKeyId - API Key ID
+ * @returns {Promise<number[]>} 等待时间列表
+ */
+redisClient.getQueueWaitTimes = async function (apiKeyId) {
+  const key = `concurrency:queue:wait_times:${apiKeyId}`
+  try {
+    const samples = await this.client.lrange(key, 0, -1)
+    return samples.map(Number)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get queue wait times for ${apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    return []
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 扫描所有排队统计键
+ * @returns {Promise<string[]>} API Key ID 列表
+ */
+redisClient.scanConcurrencyQueueStatsKeys = async function () {
+  const apiKeyIds = []
+  let cursor = '0'
+  let iterations = 0
+  const MAX_ITERATIONS = 1000
+
+  try {
+    do {
+      const [newCursor, keys] = await this.client.scan(
+        cursor,
+        'MATCH',
+        'concurrency:queue:stats:*',
+        'COUNT',
+        100
+      )
+      cursor = newCursor
+      iterations++
+
+      for (const key of keys) {
+        const apiKeyId = key.replace('concurrency:queue:stats:', '')
+        apiKeyIds.push(apiKeyId)
+      }
+
+      if (iterations >= MAX_ITERATIONS) {
+        break
+      }
+    } while (cursor !== '0')
+
+    return apiKeyIds
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to scan concurrency queue stats keys:', error)
+    return []
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 账户测试历史相关操作
+// ============================================================================
+
+const ACCOUNT_TEST_HISTORY_MAX = 5 // 保留最近5次测试记录
+const ACCOUNT_TEST_HISTORY_TTL = 86400 * 30 // 30天过期
+const ACCOUNT_TEST_CONFIG_TTL = 86400 * 365 // 测试配置保留1年（用户通常长期使用）
+
+/**
+ * 保存账户测试结果
+ * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型 (claude/gemini/openai等)
+ * @param {Object} testResult - 测试结果对象
+ * @param {boolean} testResult.success - 是否成功
+ * @param {string} testResult.message - 测试消息/响应
+ * @param {number} testResult.latencyMs - 延迟毫秒数
+ * @param {string} testResult.error - 错误信息（如有）
+ * @param {string} testResult.timestamp - 测试时间戳
+ */
+redisClient.saveAccountTestResult = async function (accountId, platform, testResult) {
+  const key = `account:test_history:${platform}:${accountId}`
+  try {
+    const record = JSON.stringify({
+      ...testResult,
+      timestamp: testResult.timestamp || new Date().toISOString()
+    })
+
+    // 使用 LPUSH + LTRIM 保持最近5条记录
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    await client.lpush(key, record)
+    await client.ltrim(key, 0, ACCOUNT_TEST_HISTORY_MAX - 1)
+    await client.expire(key, ACCOUNT_TEST_HISTORY_TTL)
+
+    logger.debug(`📝 Saved test result for ${platform} account ${accountId}`)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to save test result for ${accountId}:`, error)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取账户测试历史
+ * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+ * @returns {Promise<Array>} 测试历史记录数组（最新在前）
+ */
+redisClient.getAccountTestHistory = async function (accountId, platform) {
+  const key = `account:test_history:${platform}:${accountId}`
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    const records = await client.lrange(key, 0, -1)
+    return records.map((r) => JSON.parse(r))
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get test history for ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return []
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取账户最新测试结果
+ * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+ * @returns {Promise<Object|null>} 最新测试结果
+ */
+redisClient.getAccountLatestTestResult = async function (accountId, platform) {
+  const key = `account:test_history:${platform}:${accountId}`
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    const record = await client.lindex(key, 0)
+    return record ? JSON.parse(record) : null
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get latest test result for ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 批量获取多个账户的测试历史
+ * @param {Array<{accountId: string, platform: string}>} accounts - 账户列表
+ * @returns {Promise<Object>} 以 accountId 为 key 的测试历史映射
+ */
+redisClient.getAccountsTestHistory = async function (accounts) {
+  const result = {}
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    const pipeline = client.pipeline()
+
+    for (const { accountId, platform } of accounts) {
+      const key = `account:test_history:${platform}:${accountId}`
+      pipeline.lrange(key, 0, -1)
+    }
+
+    const responses = await pipeline.exec()
+
+    accounts.forEach(({ accountId }, index) => {
+      const [err, records] = responses[index]
+      if (!err && records) {
+        result[accountId] = records.map((r) => JSON.parse(r))
+      } else {
+        result[accountId] = []
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to get batch test history:', error)
+  }
+  return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * 保存定时测试配置
+ * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+ * @param {Object} config - 配置对象
+ * @param {boolean} config.enabled - 是否启用定时测试
+ * @param {string} config.cronExpression - Cron 表达式 (如 "0 8 * * *" 表示每天8点)
+ * @param {string} config.model - 测试使用的模型
+ */
+redisClient.saveAccountTestConfig = async function (accountId, platform, testConfig) {
+  const key = `account:test_config:${platform}:${accountId}`
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    await client.hset(key, {
+      enabled: testConfig.enabled ? 'true' : 'false',
+      cronExpression: testConfig.cronExpression || '0 8 * * *', // 默认每天早上8点
+      model: testConfig.model || 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929', // 默认模型
+      updatedAt: new Date().toISOString()
+    })
+    // 设置过期时间（1年）
+    await client.expire(key, ACCOUNT_TEST_CONFIG_TTL)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to save test config for ${accountId}:`, error)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取定时测试配置
+ * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+ * @returns {Promise<Object|null>} 配置对象
+ */
+redisClient.getAccountTestConfig = async function (accountId, platform) {
+  const key = `account:test_config:${platform}:${accountId}`
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    const testConfig = await client.hgetall(key)
+    if (!testConfig || Object.keys(testConfig).length === 0) {
+      return null
+    }
+    // 向后兼容：如果存在旧的 testHour 字段，转换为 cron 表达式
+    let { cronExpression } = testConfig
+    if (!cronExpression && testConfig.testHour) {
+      const hour = parseInt(testConfig.testHour, 10)
+      cronExpression = `0 ${hour} * * *`
+    }
+    return {
+      enabled: testConfig.enabled === 'true',
+      cronExpression: cronExpression || '0 8 * * *',
+      model: testConfig.model || 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929',
+      updatedAt: testConfig.updatedAt
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get test config for ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取所有启用定时测试的账户
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+ * @returns {Promise<Array>} 账户ID列表及 cron 配置
+ */
+redisClient.getEnabledTestAccounts = async function (platform) {
+  const accountIds = []
+  let cursor = '0'
+
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    do {
+      const [newCursor, keys] = await client.scan(
+        cursor,
+        'MATCH',
+        `account:test_config:${platform}:*`,
+        'COUNT',
+        100
+      )
+      cursor = newCursor
+
+      for (const key of keys) {
+        const testConfig = await client.hgetall(key)
+        if (testConfig && testConfig.enabled === 'true') {
+          const accountId = key.replace(`account:test_config:${platform}:`, '')
+          // 向后兼容：如果存在旧的 testHour 字段，转换为 cron 表达式
+          let { cronExpression } = testConfig
+          if (!cronExpression && testConfig.testHour) {
+            const hour = parseInt(testConfig.testHour, 10)
+            cronExpression = `0 ${hour} * * *`
+          }
+          accountIds.push({
+            accountId,
+            cronExpression: cronExpression || '0 8 * * *',
+            model: testConfig.model || 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929'
+          })
+        }
+      }
+    } while (cursor !== '0')
+
+    return accountIds
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get enabled test accounts for ${platform}:`, error)
+    return []
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 保存账户上次测试时间（用于调度器判断是否需要测试）
+ * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+ */
+redisClient.setAccountLastTestTime = async function (accountId, platform) {
+  const key = `account:last_test:${platform}:${accountId}`
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    await client.set(key, Date.now().toString(), 'EX', 86400 * 7) // 7天过期
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to set last test time for ${accountId}:`, error)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取账户上次测试时间
+ * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+ * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+ * @returns {Promise<number|null>} 上次测试时间戳
+ */
+redisClient.getAccountLastTestTime = async function (accountId, platform) {
+  const key = `account:last_test:${platform}:${accountId}`
+  try {
+    const client = this.getClientSafe()
+    const timestamp = await client.get(key)
+    return timestamp ? parseInt(timestamp, 10) : null
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`Failed to get last test time for ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
 module.exports = redisClient
--- a/src/routes/admin/accountBalance.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/accountBalance.js
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+const express = require('express')
+const { authenticateAdmin } = require('../../middleware/auth')
+const logger = require('../../utils/logger')
+const accountBalanceService = require('../../services/accountBalanceService')
+const balanceScriptService = require('../../services/balanceScriptService')
+const { isBalanceScriptEnabled } = require('../../utils/featureFlags')
+
+const router = express.Router()
+
+const ensureValidPlatform = (rawPlatform) => {
+  const normalized = accountBalanceService.normalizePlatform(rawPlatform)
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return { ok: false, status: 400, error: '缺少 platform 参数' }
+  }
+
+  const supported = accountBalanceService.getSupportedPlatforms()
+  if (!supported.includes(normalized)) {
+    return { ok: false, status: 400, error: `不支持的平台: ${normalized}` }
+  }
+
+  return { ok: true, platform: normalized }
+}
+
+// 1) 获取账户余额（默认本地统计优先，可选触发 Provider）
+// GET /admin/accounts/:accountId/balance?platform=xxx&queryApi=false
+router.get('/accounts/:accountId/balance', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { accountId } = req.params
+    const { platform, queryApi } = req.query
+
+    const valid = ensureValidPlatform(platform)
+    if (!valid.ok) {
+      return res.status(valid.status).json({ success: false, error: valid.error })
+    }
+
+    const balance = await accountBalanceService.getAccountBalance(accountId, valid.platform, {
+      queryApi
+    })
+
+    if (!balance) {
+      return res.status(404).json({ success: false, error: 'Account not found' })
+    }
+
+    return res.json(balance)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('获取账户余额失败', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+// 2) 强制刷新账户余额（强制触发查询：优先脚本；Provider 仅为降级）
+// POST /admin/accounts/:accountId/balance/refresh
+// Body: { platform: 'xxx' }
+router.post('/accounts/:accountId/balance/refresh', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { accountId } = req.params
+    const { platform } = req.body || {}
+
+    const valid = ensureValidPlatform(platform)
+    if (!valid.ok) {
+      return res.status(valid.status).json({ success: false, error: valid.error })
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`手动刷新余额: ${valid.platform}:${accountId}`)
+
+    const balance = await accountBalanceService.refreshAccountBalance(accountId, valid.platform)
+    if (!balance) {
+      return res.status(404).json({ success: false, error: 'Account not found' })
+    }
+
+    return res.json(balance)
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('刷新账户余额失败', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+// 3) 批量获取平台所有账户余额
+// GET /admin/accounts/balance/platform/:platform?queryApi=false
+router.get('/accounts/balance/platform/:platform', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { platform } = req.params
+    const { queryApi } = req.query
+
+    const valid = ensureValidPlatform(platform)
+    if (!valid.ok) {
+      return res.status(valid.status).json({ success: false, error: valid.error })
+    }
+
+    const balances = await accountBalanceService.getAllAccountsBalance(valid.platform, { queryApi })
+
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: balances })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('批量获取余额失败', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+// 4) 获取余额汇总（Dashboard 用）
+// GET /admin/accounts/balance/summary
+router.get('/accounts/balance/summary', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const summary = await accountBalanceService.getBalanceSummary()
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: summary })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('获取余额汇总失败', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+// 5) 清除缓存
+// DELETE /admin/accounts/:accountId/balance/cache?platform=xxx
+router.delete('/accounts/:accountId/balance/cache', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { accountId } = req.params
+    const { platform } = req.query
+
+    const valid = ensureValidPlatform(platform)
+    if (!valid.ok) {
+      return res.status(valid.status).json({ success: false, error: valid.error })
+    }
+
+    await accountBalanceService.clearCache(accountId, valid.platform)
+
+    return res.json({ success: true, message: '缓存已清除' })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('清除缓存失败', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+// 6) 获取/保存/测试余额脚本配置（单账户）
+router.get('/accounts/:accountId/balance/script', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { accountId } = req.params
+    const { platform } = req.query
+
+    const valid = ensureValidPlatform(platform)
+    if (!valid.ok) {
+      return res.status(valid.status).json({ success: false, error: valid.error })
+    }
+
+    const config = await accountBalanceService.redis.getBalanceScriptConfig(
+      valid.platform,
+      accountId
+    )
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: config || null })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('获取余额脚本配置失败', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+router.put('/accounts/:accountId/balance/script', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { accountId } = req.params
+    const { platform } = req.query
+    const valid = ensureValidPlatform(platform)
+    if (!valid.ok) {
+      return res.status(valid.status).json({ success: false, error: valid.error })
+    }
+
+    const payload = req.body || {}
+    await accountBalanceService.redis.setBalanceScriptConfig(valid.platform, accountId, payload)
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: payload })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('保存余额脚本配置失败', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+router.post('/accounts/:accountId/balance/script/test', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { accountId } = req.params
+    const { platform } = req.query
+    const valid = ensureValidPlatform(platform)
+    if (!valid.ok) {
+      return res.status(valid.status).json({ success: false, error: valid.error })
+    }
+
+    if (!isBalanceScriptEnabled()) {
+      return res.status(403).json({
+        success: false,
+        error: '余额脚本功能已禁用（可通过 BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED=true 启用）'
+      })
+    }
+
+    const payload = req.body || {}
+    const { scriptBody } = payload
+    if (!scriptBody) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: '脚本内容不能为空' })
+    }
+
+    const result = await balanceScriptService.execute({
+      scriptBody,
+      timeoutSeconds: payload.timeoutSeconds || 10,
+      variables: {
+        baseUrl: payload.baseUrl || '',
+        apiKey: payload.apiKey || '',
+        token: payload.token || '',
+        accountId,
+        platform: valid.platform,
+        extra: payload.extra || ''
+      }
+    })
+
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: result })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('测试余额脚本失败', error)
+    return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+module.exports = router
--- a/src/routes/admin/apiKeys.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/apiKeys.js
@@ -8,6 +8,43 @@ const config = require('../../../config/config')

 const router = express.Router()

+// 有效的权限值列表
+const VALID_PERMISSIONS = ['claude', 'gemini', 'openai', 'droid']
+
+/**
+ * 验证权限数组格式
+ * @param {any} permissions - 权限值（可以是数组或其他）
+ * @returns {string|null} - 返回错误消息，null 表示验证通过
+ */
+function validatePermissions(permissions) {
+  // 空值或未定义表示全部服务
+  if (permissions === undefined || permissions === null || permissions === '') {
+    return null
+  }
+  // 兼容旧格式字符串
+  if (typeof permissions === 'string') {
+    if (permissions === 'all' || VALID_PERMISSIONS.includes(permissions)) {
+      return null
+    }
+    return `Invalid permissions value. Must be an array of: ${VALID_PERMISSIONS.join(', ')}`
+  }
+  // 新格式数组
+  if (Array.isArray(permissions)) {
+    // 空数组表示全部服务
+    if (permissions.length === 0) {
+      return null
+    }
+    // 验证数组中的每个值
+    for (const perm of permissions) {
+      if (!VALID_PERMISSIONS.includes(perm)) {
+        return `Invalid permission value "${perm}". Valid values are: ${VALID_PERMISSIONS.join(', ')}`
+      }
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+  return `Permissions must be an array. Valid values are: ${VALID_PERMISSIONS.join(', ')}`
+}
+
 // 👥 用户管理 (用于API Key分配)

 // 获取所有用户列表（用于API Key分配）
@@ -945,6 +982,30 @@ async function calculateKeyStats(keyId, timeRange, startDate, endDate) {
      allTimeCost = parseFloat((await client.get(totalCostKey)) || '0')
    }

+    // 🔧 FIX: 对于 "全部时间" 时间范围，直接使用 allTimeCost
+    // 因为 usage:*:model:daily:* 键有 30 天 TTL，旧数据已经过期
+    if (timeRange === 'all' && allTimeCost > 0) {
+      logger.debug(`📊 使用 allTimeCost 计算 timeRange='all': ${allTimeCost}`)
+
+      return {
+        requests: 0, // 旧数据详情不可用
+        tokens: 0,
+        inputTokens: 0,
+        outputTokens: 0,
+        cacheCreateTokens: 0,
+        cacheReadTokens: 0,
+        cost: allTimeCost,
+        formattedCost: CostCalculator.formatCost(allTimeCost),
+        // 实时限制数据（始终返回，不受时间范围影响）
+        dailyCost,
+        currentWindowCost,
+        windowRemainingSeconds,
+        windowStartTime,
+        windowEndTime,
+        allTimeCost
+      }
+    }
+
    // 只在启用了窗口限制时查询窗口数据
    if (rateLimitWindow > 0) {
      const costCountKey = `rate_limit:cost:${keyId}`
@@ -1006,12 +1067,10 @@ async function calculateKeyStats(keyId, timeRange, startDate, endDate) {
  const modelStatsMap = new Map()
  let totalRequests = 0

-  // 用于去重：只统计日数据，避免与月数据重复
+  // 用于去重：先统计月数据，避免与日数据重复
  const dailyKeyPattern = /usage:.+:model:daily:(.+):\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/
  const monthlyKeyPattern = /usage:.+:model:monthly:(.+):\d{4}-\d{2}$/
-
-  // 检查是否有日数据
-  const hasDailyData = uniqueKeys.some((key) => dailyKeyPattern.test(key))
+  const currentMonth = `${tzDate.getUTCFullYear()}-${String(tzDate.getUTCMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')}`

  for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
    const [err, data] = results[i]
@@ -1038,8 +1097,12 @@ async function calculateKeyStats(keyId, timeRange, startDate, endDate) {
      continue
    }

-    // 如果有日数据，则跳过月数据以避免重复
-    if (hasDailyData && isMonthly) {
+    // 跳过当前月的月数据
+    if (isMonthly && key.includes(`:${currentMonth}`)) {
+      continue
+    }
+    // 跳过非当前月的日数据
+    if (!isMonthly && !key.includes(`:${currentMonth}-`)) {
      continue
    }

@@ -1356,16 +1419,10 @@ router.post('/api-keys', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      }
    }

-    // 验证服务权限字段
-    if (
-      permissions !== undefined &&
-      permissions !== null &&
-      permissions !== '' &&
-      !['claude', 'gemini', 'openai', 'droid', 'all'].includes(permissions)
-    ) {
-      return res.status(400).json({
-        error: 'Invalid permissions value. Must be claude, gemini, openai, droid, or all'
-      })
+    // 验证服务权限字段（支持数组格式）
+    const permissionsError = validatePermissions(permissions)
+    if (permissionsError) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: permissionsError })
    }

    const newKey = await apiKeyService.generateApiKey({
@@ -1455,15 +1512,10 @@ router.post('/api-keys/batch', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
        .json({ error: 'Base name must be less than 90 characters to allow for numbering' })
    }

-    if (
-      permissions !== undefined &&
-      permissions !== null &&
-      permissions !== '' &&
-      !['claude', 'gemini', 'openai', 'droid', 'all'].includes(permissions)
-    ) {
-      return res.status(400).json({
-        error: 'Invalid permissions value. Must be claude, gemini, openai, droid, or all'
-      })
+    // 验证服务权限字段（支持数组格式）
+    const batchPermissionsError = validatePermissions(permissions)
+    if (batchPermissionsError) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: batchPermissionsError })
    }

    // 生成批量API Keys
@@ -1566,13 +1618,12 @@ router.put('/api-keys/batch', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      })
    }

-    if (
-      updates.permissions !== undefined &&
-      !['claude', 'gemini', 'openai', 'droid', 'all'].includes(updates.permissions)
-    ) {
-      return res.status(400).json({
-        error: 'Invalid permissions value. Must be claude, gemini, openai, droid, or all'
-      })
+    // 验证服务权限字段（支持数组格式）
+    if (updates.permissions !== undefined) {
+      const updatePermissionsError = validatePermissions(updates.permissions)
+      if (updatePermissionsError) {
+        return res.status(400).json({ error: updatePermissionsError })
+      }
    }

    logger.info(
@@ -1847,11 +1898,10 @@ router.put('/api-keys/:keyId', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
    }

    if (permissions !== undefined) {
-      // 验证权限值
-      if (!['claude', 'gemini', 'openai', 'droid', 'all'].includes(permissions)) {
-        return res.status(400).json({
-          error: 'Invalid permissions value. Must be claude, gemini, openai, droid, or all'
-        })
+      // 验证服务权限字段（支持数组格式）
+      const singlePermissionsError = validatePermissions(permissions)
+      if (singlePermissionsError) {
+        return res.status(400).json({ error: singlePermissionsError })
      }
      updates.permissions = permissions
    }
--- a/src/routes/admin/balanceScripts.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/balanceScripts.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+const express = require('express')
+const { authenticateAdmin } = require('../../middleware/auth')
+const balanceScriptService = require('../../services/balanceScriptService')
+const router = express.Router()
+
+// 获取全部脚本配置列表
+router.get('/balance-scripts', authenticateAdmin, (req, res) => {
+  const items = balanceScriptService.listConfigs()
+  return res.json({ success: true, data: items })
+})
+
+// 获取单个脚本配置
+router.get('/balance-scripts/:name', authenticateAdmin, (req, res) => {
+  const { name } = req.params
+  const config = balanceScriptService.getConfig(name || 'default')
+  return res.json({ success: true, data: config })
+})
+
+// 保存脚本配置
+router.put('/balance-scripts/:name', authenticateAdmin, (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { name } = req.params
+    const saved = balanceScriptService.saveConfig(name || 'default', req.body || {})
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: saved })
+  } catch (error) {
+    return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+// 测试脚本（不落库）
+router.post('/balance-scripts/:name/test', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { name } = req.params
+    const result = await balanceScriptService.testScript(name || 'default', req.body || {})
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: result })
+  } catch (error) {
+    return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: error.message })
+  }
+})
+
+module.exports = router
--- a/src/routes/admin/claudeAccounts.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/claudeAccounts.js
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const router = express.Router()
 const claudeAccountService = require('../../services/claudeAccountService')
 const claudeRelayService = require('../../services/claudeRelayService')
 const accountGroupService = require('../../services/accountGroupService')
+const accountTestSchedulerService = require('../../services/accountTestSchedulerService')
 const apiKeyService = require('../../services/apiKeyService')
 const redis = require('../../models/redis')
 const { authenticateAdmin } = require('../../middleware/auth')
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ router.post('/claude-accounts/oauth-with-cookie', authenticateAdmin, async (req,

    logger.info('🍪 Starting Cookie-based OAuth authorization', {
      sessionKeyLength: trimmedSessionKey.length,
-      sessionKeyPrefix: trimmedSessionKey.substring(0, 10) + '...',
+      sessionKeyPrefix: `${trimmedSessionKey.substring(0, 10)}...`,
      hasProxy: !!proxy
    })

@@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ router.post('/claude-accounts/setup-token-with-cookie', authenticateAdmin, async

    logger.info('🍪 Starting Cookie-based Setup Token authorization', {
      sessionKeyLength: trimmedSessionKey.length,
-      sessionKeyPrefix: trimmedSessionKey.substring(0, 10) + '...',
+      sessionKeyPrefix: `${trimmedSessionKey.substring(0, 10)}...`,
      hasProxy: !!proxy
    })

@@ -583,7 +584,9 @@ router.post('/claude-accounts', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      useUnifiedClientId,
      unifiedClientId,
      expiresAt,
-      extInfo
+      extInfo,
+      maxConcurrency,
+      interceptWarmup
    } = req.body

    if (!name) {
@@ -628,7 +631,9 @@ router.post('/claude-accounts', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      useUnifiedClientId: useUnifiedClientId === true, // 默认为false
      unifiedClientId: unifiedClientId || '', // 统一的客户端标识
      expiresAt: expiresAt || null, // 账户订阅到期时间
-      extInfo: extInfo || null
+      extInfo: extInfo || null,
+      maxConcurrency: maxConcurrency || 0, // 账户级串行队列：0=使用全局配置，>0=强制启用
+      interceptWarmup: interceptWarmup === true // 拦截预热请求：默认为false
    })

    // 如果是分组类型，将账户添加到分组
@@ -903,4 +908,219 @@ router.post('/claude-accounts/:accountId/test', authenticateAdmin, async (req, r
  }
 })

+// ============================================================================
+// 账户定时测试相关端点
+// ============================================================================
+
+// 获取账户测试历史
+router.get('/claude-accounts/:accountId/test-history', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  const { accountId } = req.params
+
+  try {
+    const history = await redis.getAccountTestHistory(accountId, 'claude')
+    return res.json({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        accountId,
+        platform: 'claude',
+        history
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`❌ Failed to get test history for account ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return res.status(500).json({
+      error: 'Failed to get test history',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+// 获取账户定时测试配置
+router.get('/claude-accounts/:accountId/test-config', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  const { accountId } = req.params
+
+  try {
+    const testConfig = await redis.getAccountTestConfig(accountId, 'claude')
+    return res.json({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        accountId,
+        platform: 'claude',
+        config: testConfig || {
+          enabled: false,
+          cronExpression: '0 8 * * *',
+          model: 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929'
+        }
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`❌ Failed to get test config for account ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return res.status(500).json({
+      error: 'Failed to get test config',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+// 设置账户定时测试配置
+router.put('/claude-accounts/:accountId/test-config', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  const { accountId } = req.params
+  const { enabled, cronExpression, model } = req.body
+
+  try {
+    // 验证 enabled 参数
+    if (typeof enabled !== 'boolean') {
+      return res.status(400).json({
+        error: 'Invalid parameter',
+        message: 'enabled must be a boolean'
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 验证 cronExpression 参数
+    if (!cronExpression || typeof cronExpression !== 'string') {
+      return res.status(400).json({
+        error: 'Invalid parameter',
+        message: 'cronExpression is required and must be a string'
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 限制 cronExpression 长度防止 DoS
+    const MAX_CRON_LENGTH = 100
+    if (cronExpression.length > MAX_CRON_LENGTH) {
+      return res.status(400).json({
+        error: 'Invalid parameter',
+        message: `cronExpression too long (max ${MAX_CRON_LENGTH} characters)`
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 使用 service 的方法验证 cron 表达式
+    if (!accountTestSchedulerService.validateCronExpression(cronExpression)) {
+      return res.status(400).json({
+        error: 'Invalid parameter',
+        message: `Invalid cron expression: ${cronExpression}. Format: "minute hour day month weekday" (e.g., "0 8 * * *" for daily at 8:00)`
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 验证模型参数
+    const testModel = model || 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929'
+    if (typeof testModel !== 'string' || testModel.length > 256) {
+      return res.status(400).json({
+        error: 'Invalid parameter',
+        message: 'model must be a valid string (max 256 characters)'
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 检查账户是否存在
+    const account = await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+    if (!account) {
+      return res.status(404).json({
+        error: 'Account not found',
+        message: `Claude account ${accountId} not found`
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 保存配置
+    await redis.saveAccountTestConfig(accountId, 'claude', {
+      enabled,
+      cronExpression,
+      model: testModel
+    })
+
+    logger.success(
+      `📝 Updated test config for Claude account ${accountId}: enabled=${enabled}, cronExpression=${cronExpression}, model=${testModel}`
+    )
+
+    return res.json({
+      success: true,
+      message: 'Test config updated successfully',
+      data: {
+        accountId,
+        platform: 'claude',
+        config: { enabled, cronExpression, model: testModel }
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`❌ Failed to update test config for account ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return res.status(500).json({
+      error: 'Failed to update test config',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+// 手动触发账户测试（非流式，返回JSON结果）
+router.post('/claude-accounts/:accountId/test-sync', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  const { accountId } = req.params
+
+  try {
+    // 检查账户是否存在
+    const account = await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+    if (!account) {
+      return res.status(404).json({
+        error: 'Account not found',
+        message: `Claude account ${accountId} not found`
+      })
+    }
+
+    logger.info(`🧪 Manual sync test triggered for Claude account: ${accountId}`)
+
+    // 执行测试
+    const testResult = await claudeRelayService.testAccountConnectionSync(accountId)
+
+    // 保存测试结果到历史
+    await redis.saveAccountTestResult(accountId, 'claude', testResult)
+    await redis.setAccountLastTestTime(accountId, 'claude')
+
+    return res.json({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        accountId,
+        platform: 'claude',
+        result: testResult
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`❌ Failed to run sync test for account ${accountId}:`, error)
+    return res.status(500).json({
+      error: 'Failed to run test',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+// 批量获取多个账户的测试历史
+router.post('/claude-accounts/batch-test-history', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  const { accountIds } = req.body
+
+  try {
+    if (!Array.isArray(accountIds) || accountIds.length === 0) {
+      return res.status(400).json({
+        error: 'Invalid parameter',
+        message: 'accountIds must be a non-empty array'
+      })
+    }
+
+    // 限制批量查询数量
+    const limitedIds = accountIds.slice(0, 100)
+
+    const accounts = limitedIds.map((accountId) => ({
+      accountId,
+      platform: 'claude'
+    }))
+
+    const historyMap = await redis.getAccountsTestHistory(accounts)
+
+    return res.json({
+      success: true,
+      data: historyMap
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('❌ Failed to get batch test history:', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({
+      error: 'Failed to get batch test history',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
 module.exports = router
--- a/src/routes/admin/claudeConsoleAccounts.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/claudeConsoleAccounts.js
@@ -132,7 +132,8 @@ router.post('/claude-console-accounts', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      dailyQuota,
      quotaResetTime,
      maxConcurrentTasks,
-      disableAutoProtection
+      disableAutoProtection,
+      interceptWarmup
    } = req.body

    if (!name || !apiUrl || !apiKey) {
@@ -186,7 +187,8 @@ router.post('/claude-console-accounts', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
        maxConcurrentTasks !== undefined && maxConcurrentTasks !== null
          ? Number(maxConcurrentTasks)
          : 0,
-      disableAutoProtection: normalizedDisableAutoProtection
+      disableAutoProtection: normalizedDisableAutoProtection,
+      interceptWarmup: interceptWarmup === true || interceptWarmup === 'true'
    })

    // 如果是分组类型，将账户添加到分组（CCR 归属 Claude 平台分组）
--- a/src/routes/admin/claudeRelayConfig.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/claudeRelayConfig.js
@@ -43,7 +43,11 @@ router.put('/claude-relay-config', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      sessionBindingTtlDays,
      userMessageQueueEnabled,
      userMessageQueueDelayMs,
-      userMessageQueueTimeoutMs
+      userMessageQueueTimeoutMs,
+      concurrentRequestQueueEnabled,
+      concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize,
+      concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier,
+      concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs
    } = req.body

    // 验证输入
@@ -110,6 +114,54 @@ router.put('/claude-relay-config', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      }
    }

+    // 验证并发请求排队配置
+    if (
+      concurrentRequestQueueEnabled !== undefined &&
+      typeof concurrentRequestQueueEnabled !== 'boolean'
+    ) {
+      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'concurrentRequestQueueEnabled must be a boolean' })
+    }
+
+    if (concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize !== undefined) {
+      if (
+        typeof concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize !== 'number' ||
+        !Number.isInteger(concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize) ||
+        concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize < 1 ||
+        concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize > 100
+      ) {
+        return res
+          .status(400)
+          .json({ error: 'concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize must be an integer between 1 and 100' })
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier !== undefined) {
+      // 使用 Number.isFinite() 同时排除 NaN、Infinity、-Infinity 和非数字类型
+      if (
+        !Number.isFinite(concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier) ||
+        concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier < 0 ||
+        concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier > 10
+      ) {
+        return res.status(400).json({
+          error: 'concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier must be a finite number between 0 and 10'
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs !== undefined) {
+      if (
+        typeof concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs !== 'number' ||
+        !Number.isInteger(concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs) ||
+        concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs < 5000 ||
+        concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs > 300000
+      ) {
+        return res.status(400).json({
+          error:
+            'concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs must be an integer between 5000 and 300000 (5 seconds to 5 minutes)'
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
    const updateData = {}
    if (claudeCodeOnlyEnabled !== undefined) {
      updateData.claudeCodeOnlyEnabled = claudeCodeOnlyEnabled
@@ -132,6 +184,18 @@ router.put('/claude-relay-config', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
    if (userMessageQueueTimeoutMs !== undefined) {
      updateData.userMessageQueueTimeoutMs = userMessageQueueTimeoutMs
    }
+    if (concurrentRequestQueueEnabled !== undefined) {
+      updateData.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled = concurrentRequestQueueEnabled
+    }
+    if (concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize !== undefined) {
+      updateData.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize = concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize
+    }
+    if (concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier !== undefined) {
+      updateData.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier = concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier
+    }
+    if (concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs !== undefined) {
+      updateData.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs = concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs
+    }

    const updatedConfig = await claudeRelayConfigService.updateConfig(
      updateData,
--- a/src/routes/admin/concurrency.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/concurrency.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const router = express.Router()
 const redis = require('../../models/redis')
 const logger = require('../../utils/logger')
 const { authenticateAdmin } = require('../../middleware/auth')
+const { calculateWaitTimeStats } = require('../../utils/statsHelper')

 /**
 * GET /admin/concurrency
@@ -17,17 +18,29 @@ router.get('/concurrency', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const status = await redis.getAllConcurrencyStatus()

+    // 为每个 API Key 获取排队计数
+    const statusWithQueue = await Promise.all(
+      status.map(async (s) => {
+        const queueCount = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueCount(s.apiKeyId)
+        return {
+          ...s,
+          queueCount
+        }
+      })
+    )
+
    // 计算汇总统计
    const summary = {
-      totalKeys: status.length,
-      totalActiveRequests: status.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.activeCount, 0),
-      totalExpiredRequests: status.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.expiredCount, 0)
+      totalKeys: statusWithQueue.length,
+      totalActiveRequests: statusWithQueue.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.activeCount, 0),
+      totalExpiredRequests: statusWithQueue.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.expiredCount, 0),
+      totalQueuedRequests: statusWithQueue.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.queueCount, 0)
    }

    res.json({
      success: true,
      summary,
-      concurrencyStatus: status
+      concurrencyStatus: statusWithQueue
    })
  } catch (error) {
    logger.error('❌ Failed to get concurrency status:', error)
@@ -39,6 +52,156 @@ router.get('/concurrency', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
  }
 })

+/**
+ * GET /admin/concurrency-queue/stats
+ * 获取排队统计信息
+ */
+router.get('/concurrency-queue/stats', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    // 获取所有有统计数据的 API Key
+    const statsKeys = await redis.scanConcurrencyQueueStatsKeys()
+    const queueKeys = await redis.scanConcurrencyQueueKeys()
+
+    // 合并所有相关的 API Key
+    const allApiKeyIds = [...new Set([...statsKeys, ...queueKeys])]
+
+    // 获取各 API Key 的详细统计
+    const perKeyStats = await Promise.all(
+      allApiKeyIds.map(async (apiKeyId) => {
+        const [queueCount, stats, waitTimes] = await Promise.all([
+          redis.getConcurrencyQueueCount(apiKeyId),
+          redis.getConcurrencyQueueStats(apiKeyId),
+          redis.getQueueWaitTimes(apiKeyId)
+        ])
+
+        return {
+          apiKeyId,
+          currentQueueCount: queueCount,
+          stats,
+          waitTimeStats: calculateWaitTimeStats(waitTimes)
+        }
+      })
+    )
+
+    // 获取全局等待时间统计
+    const globalWaitTimes = await redis.getGlobalQueueWaitTimes()
+    const globalWaitTimeStats = calculateWaitTimeStats(globalWaitTimes)
+
+    // 计算全局汇总
+    const globalStats = {
+      totalEntered: perKeyStats.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.stats.entered, 0),
+      totalSuccess: perKeyStats.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.stats.success, 0),
+      totalTimeout: perKeyStats.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.stats.timeout, 0),
+      totalCancelled: perKeyStats.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.stats.cancelled, 0),
+      totalSocketChanged: perKeyStats.reduce((sum, s) => sum + (s.stats.socket_changed || 0), 0),
+      totalRejectedOverload: perKeyStats.reduce(
+        (sum, s) => sum + (s.stats.rejected_overload || 0),
+        0
+      ),
+      currentTotalQueued: perKeyStats.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.currentQueueCount, 0),
+      // 队列资源利用率指标
+      peakQueueSize:
+        perKeyStats.length > 0 ? Math.max(...perKeyStats.map((s) => s.currentQueueCount)) : 0,
+      avgQueueSize:
+        perKeyStats.length > 0
+          ? Math.round(
+              perKeyStats.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.currentQueueCount, 0) / perKeyStats.length
+            )
+          : 0,
+      activeApiKeys: perKeyStats.filter((s) => s.currentQueueCount > 0).length
+    }
+
+    // 计算成功率
+    if (globalStats.totalEntered > 0) {
+      globalStats.successRate = Math.round(
+        (globalStats.totalSuccess / globalStats.totalEntered) * 100
+      )
+      globalStats.timeoutRate = Math.round(
+        (globalStats.totalTimeout / globalStats.totalEntered) * 100
+      )
+      globalStats.cancelledRate = Math.round(
+        (globalStats.totalCancelled / globalStats.totalEntered) * 100
+      )
+    }
+
+    // 从全局等待时间统计中提取关键指标
+    if (globalWaitTimeStats) {
+      globalStats.avgWaitTimeMs = globalWaitTimeStats.avg
+      globalStats.p50WaitTimeMs = globalWaitTimeStats.p50
+      globalStats.p90WaitTimeMs = globalWaitTimeStats.p90
+      globalStats.p99WaitTimeMs = globalWaitTimeStats.p99
+      // 多实例采样策略标记（详见 design.md Decision 9）
+      // 全局 P90 仅用于可视化和监控，不用于系统决策
+      // 健康检查使用 API Key 级别的 P90（每 Key 独立采样）
+      globalWaitTimeStats.globalP90ForVisualizationOnly = true
+    }
+
+    res.json({
+      success: true,
+      globalStats,
+      globalWaitTimeStats,
+      perKeyStats
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('❌ Failed to get queue stats:', error)
+    res.status(500).json({
+      success: false,
+      error: 'Failed to get queue stats',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+/**
+ * DELETE /admin/concurrency-queue/:apiKeyId
+ * 清理特定 API Key 的排队计数
+ */
+router.delete('/concurrency-queue/:apiKeyId', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const { apiKeyId } = req.params
+    await redis.clearConcurrencyQueue(apiKeyId)
+
+    logger.warn(`🧹 Admin ${req.admin?.username || 'unknown'} cleared queue for key ${apiKeyId}`)
+
+    res.json({
+      success: true,
+      message: `Successfully cleared queue for API key ${apiKeyId}`
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error(`❌ Failed to clear queue for ${req.params.apiKeyId}:`, error)
+    res.status(500).json({
+      success: false,
+      error: 'Failed to clear queue',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+/**
+ * DELETE /admin/concurrency-queue
+ * 清理所有排队计数
+ */
+router.delete('/concurrency-queue', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const cleared = await redis.clearAllConcurrencyQueues()
+
+    logger.warn(`🧹 Admin ${req.admin?.username || 'unknown'} cleared ALL queues`)
+
+    res.json({
+      success: true,
+      message: 'Successfully cleared all queues',
+      cleared
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('❌ Failed to clear all queues:', error)
+    res.status(500).json({
+      success: false,
+      error: 'Failed to clear all queues',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
 /**
 * GET /admin/concurrency/:apiKeyId
 * 获取特定 API Key 的并发状态详情
@@ -47,10 +210,14 @@ router.get('/concurrency/:apiKeyId', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const { apiKeyId } = req.params
    const status = await redis.getConcurrencyStatus(apiKeyId)
+    const queueCount = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueCount(apiKeyId)

    res.json({
      success: true,
-      concurrencyStatus: status
+      concurrencyStatus: {
+        ...status,
+        queueCount
+      }
    })
  } catch (error) {
    logger.error(`❌ Failed to get concurrency status for ${req.params.apiKeyId}:`, error)
--- a/src/routes/admin/dashboard.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/dashboard.js
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@ const bedrockAccountService = require('../../services/bedrockAccountService')
 const ccrAccountService = require('../../services/ccrAccountService')
 const geminiAccountService = require('../../services/geminiAccountService')
 const droidAccountService = require('../../services/droidAccountService')
-const openaiAccountService = require('../../services/openaiAccountService')
 const openaiResponsesAccountService = require('../../services/openaiResponsesAccountService')
 const redis = require('../../models/redis')
 const { authenticateAdmin } = require('../../middleware/auth')
 const logger = require('../../utils/logger')
 const CostCalculator = require('../../utils/costCalculator')
-const pricingService = require('../../services/pricingService')
 const config = require('../../../config/config')

 const router = express.Router()
--- a/src/routes/admin/geminiAccounts.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/geminiAccounts.js
@@ -11,14 +11,19 @@ const { formatAccountExpiry, mapExpiryField } = require('./utils')
 const router = express.Router()

 // 🤖 Gemini OAuth 账户管理
+function getDefaultRedirectUri(oauthProvider) {
+  if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+    return process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI || 'http://localhost:45462'
+  }
+  return process.env.GEMINI_OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI || 'https://codeassist.google.com/authcode'
+}

 // 生成 Gemini OAuth 授权 URL
 router.post('/generate-auth-url', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
  try {
-    const { state, proxy } = req.body // 接收代理配置
+    const { state, proxy, oauthProvider } = req.body // 接收代理配置与OAuth Provider

-    // 使用新的 codeassist.google.com 回调地址
-    const redirectUri = 'https://codeassist.google.com/authcode'
+    const redirectUri = getDefaultRedirectUri(oauthProvider)

    logger.info(`Generating Gemini OAuth URL with redirect_uri: ${redirectUri}`)

@@ -26,8 +31,9 @@ router.post('/generate-auth-url', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      authUrl,
      state: authState,
      codeVerifier,
-      redirectUri: finalRedirectUri
-    } = await geminiAccountService.generateAuthUrl(state, redirectUri, proxy)
+      redirectUri: finalRedirectUri,
+      oauthProvider: resolvedOauthProvider
+    } = await geminiAccountService.generateAuthUrl(state, redirectUri, proxy, oauthProvider)

    // 创建 OAuth 会话，包含 codeVerifier 和代理配置
    const sessionId = authState
@@ -37,6 +43,7 @@ router.post('/generate-auth-url', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      redirectUri: finalRedirectUri,
      codeVerifier, // 保存 PKCE code verifier
      proxy: proxy || null, // 保存代理配置
+      oauthProvider: resolvedOauthProvider,
      createdAt: new Date().toISOString()
    })

@@ -45,7 +52,8 @@ router.post('/generate-auth-url', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      success: true,
      data: {
        authUrl,
-        sessionId
+        sessionId,
+        oauthProvider: resolvedOauthProvider
      }
    })
  } catch (error) {
@@ -80,13 +88,14 @@ router.post('/poll-auth-status', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
 // 交换 Gemini 授权码
 router.post('/exchange-code', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
  try {
-    const { code, sessionId, proxy: requestProxy } = req.body
+    const { code, sessionId, proxy: requestProxy, oauthProvider } = req.body
+    let resolvedOauthProvider = oauthProvider

    if (!code) {
      return res.status(400).json({ error: 'Authorization code is required' })
    }

-    let redirectUri = 'https://codeassist.google.com/authcode'
+    let redirectUri = getDefaultRedirectUri(resolvedOauthProvider)
    let codeVerifier = null
    let proxyConfig = null

@@ -97,11 +106,16 @@ router.post('/exchange-code', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
        const {
          redirectUri: sessionRedirectUri,
          codeVerifier: sessionCodeVerifier,
-          proxy
+          proxy,
+          oauthProvider: sessionOauthProvider
        } = sessionData
        redirectUri = sessionRedirectUri || redirectUri
        codeVerifier = sessionCodeVerifier
        proxyConfig = proxy // 获取代理配置
+        if (!resolvedOauthProvider && sessionOauthProvider) {
+          // 会话里保存的 provider 仅作为兜底
+          resolvedOauthProvider = sessionOauthProvider
+        }
        logger.info(
          `Using session redirect_uri: ${redirectUri}, has codeVerifier: ${!!codeVerifier}, has proxy from session: ${!!proxyConfig}`
        )
@@ -120,7 +134,8 @@ router.post('/exchange-code', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
      code,
      redirectUri,
      codeVerifier,
-      proxyConfig // 传递代理配置
+      proxyConfig, // 传递代理配置
+      resolvedOauthProvider
    )

    // 清理 OAuth 会话
@@ -129,7 +144,7 @@ router.post('/exchange-code', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
    }

    logger.success('✅ Successfully exchanged Gemini authorization code')
-    return res.json({ success: true, data: { tokens } })
+    return res.json({ success: true, data: { tokens, oauthProvider: resolvedOauthProvider } })
  } catch (error) {
    logger.error('❌ Failed to exchange Gemini authorization code:', error)
    return res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to exchange code', message: error.message })
--- a/src/routes/admin/index.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/index.js
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ const openaiResponsesAccountsRoutes = require('./openaiResponsesAccounts')
 const droidAccountsRoutes = require('./droidAccounts')
 const dashboardRoutes = require('./dashboard')
 const usageStatsRoutes = require('./usageStats')
+const accountBalanceRoutes = require('./accountBalance')
 const systemRoutes = require('./system')
 const concurrencyRoutes = require('./concurrency')
 const claudeRelayConfigRoutes = require('./claudeRelayConfig')
+const syncRoutes = require('./sync')

 // 挂载所有子路由
 // 使用完整路径的模块（直接挂载到根路径）
@@ -36,9 +38,11 @@ router.use('/', openaiResponsesAccountsRoutes)
 router.use('/', droidAccountsRoutes)
 router.use('/', dashboardRoutes)
 router.use('/', usageStatsRoutes)
+router.use('/', accountBalanceRoutes)
 router.use('/', systemRoutes)
 router.use('/', concurrencyRoutes)
 router.use('/', claudeRelayConfigRoutes)
+router.use('/', syncRoutes)

 // 使用相对路径的模块（需要指定基础路径前缀）
 router.use('/account-groups', accountGroupsRoutes)
--- a/src/routes/admin/sync.js
+++ b/src/routes/admin/sync.js
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+/**
+ * Admin Routes - Sync / Export (for migration)
+ * Exports account data (including secrets) for safe server-to-server syncing.
+ */
+
+const express = require('express')
+const router = express.Router()
+
+const { authenticateAdmin } = require('../../middleware/auth')
+const redis = require('../../models/redis')
+const claudeAccountService = require('../../services/claudeAccountService')
+const claudeConsoleAccountService = require('../../services/claudeConsoleAccountService')
+const openaiAccountService = require('../../services/openaiAccountService')
+const openaiResponsesAccountService = require('../../services/openaiResponsesAccountService')
+const logger = require('../../utils/logger')
+
+function toBool(value, defaultValue = false) {
+  if (value === undefined || value === null || value === '') {
+    return defaultValue
+  }
+  if (value === true || value === 'true') {
+    return true
+  }
+  if (value === false || value === 'false') {
+    return false
+  }
+  return defaultValue
+}
+
+function normalizeProxy(proxy) {
+  if (!proxy || typeof proxy !== 'object') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const protocol = proxy.protocol || proxy.type || proxy.scheme || ''
+  const host = proxy.host || ''
+  const port = Number(proxy.port || 0)
+
+  if (!protocol || !host || !Number.isFinite(port) || port <= 0) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return {
+    protocol: String(protocol),
+    host: String(host),
+    port,
+    username: proxy.username ? String(proxy.username) : '',
+    password: proxy.password ? String(proxy.password) : ''
+  }
+}
+
+function buildModelMappingFromSupportedModels(supportedModels) {
+  if (!supportedModels) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(supportedModels)) {
+    const mapping = {}
+    for (const model of supportedModels) {
+      if (typeof model === 'string' && model.trim()) {
+        mapping[model.trim()] = model.trim()
+      }
+    }
+    return Object.keys(mapping).length ? mapping : null
+  }
+
+  if (typeof supportedModels === 'object') {
+    const mapping = {}
+    for (const [from, to] of Object.entries(supportedModels)) {
+      if (typeof from === 'string' && typeof to === 'string' && from.trim() && to.trim()) {
+        mapping[from.trim()] = to.trim()
+      }
+    }
+    return Object.keys(mapping).length ? mapping : null
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+function safeParseJson(raw, fallback = null) {
+  if (!raw || typeof raw !== 'string') {
+    return fallback
+  }
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(raw)
+  } catch (_) {
+    return fallback
+  }
+}
+
+// Export accounts for migration (includes secrets).
+// GET /admin/sync/export-accounts?include_secrets=true
+router.get('/sync/export-accounts', authenticateAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+  try {
+    const includeSecrets = toBool(req.query.include_secrets, false)
+    if (!includeSecrets) {
+      return res.status(400).json({
+        success: false,
+        error: 'include_secrets_required',
+        message: 'Set include_secrets=true to export secrets'
+      })
+    }
+
+    // ===== Claude official OAuth / Setup Token accounts =====
+    const rawClaudeAccounts = await redis.getAllClaudeAccounts()
+    const claudeAccounts = rawClaudeAccounts.map((account) => {
+      // Backward compatible extraction: prefer individual fields, fallback to claudeAiOauth JSON blob.
+      let decryptedClaudeAiOauth = null
+      if (account.claudeAiOauth) {
+        try {
+          const raw = claudeAccountService._decryptSensitiveData(account.claudeAiOauth)
+          decryptedClaudeAiOauth = raw ? JSON.parse(raw) : null
+        } catch (_) {
+          decryptedClaudeAiOauth = null
+        }
+      }
+
+      const rawScopes =
+        account.scopes && account.scopes.trim()
+          ? account.scopes
+          : decryptedClaudeAiOauth?.scopes
+            ? decryptedClaudeAiOauth.scopes.join(' ')
+            : ''
+
+      const scopes = rawScopes && rawScopes.trim() ? rawScopes.trim().split(' ') : []
+      const isOAuth = scopes.includes('user:profile') && scopes.includes('user:inference')
+      const authType = isOAuth ? 'oauth' : 'setup-token'
+
+      const accessToken =
+        account.accessToken && String(account.accessToken).trim()
+          ? claudeAccountService._decryptSensitiveData(account.accessToken)
+          : decryptedClaudeAiOauth?.accessToken || ''
+
+      const refreshToken =
+        account.refreshToken && String(account.refreshToken).trim()
+          ? claudeAccountService._decryptSensitiveData(account.refreshToken)
+          : decryptedClaudeAiOauth?.refreshToken || ''
+
+      let expiresAt = null
+      const expiresAtMs = Number.parseInt(account.expiresAt, 10)
+      if (Number.isFinite(expiresAtMs) && expiresAtMs > 0) {
+        expiresAt = new Date(expiresAtMs).toISOString()
+      } else if (decryptedClaudeAiOauth?.expiresAt) {
+        try {
+          expiresAt = new Date(Number(decryptedClaudeAiOauth.expiresAt)).toISOString()
+        } catch (_) {
+          expiresAt = null
+        }
+      }
+
+      const proxy = account.proxy ? normalizeProxy(safeParseJson(account.proxy)) : null
+
+      // 🔧 Parse subscriptionInfo to extract org_uuid and account_uuid
+      let orgUuid = null
+      let accountUuid = null
+      if (account.subscriptionInfo) {
+        try {
+          const subscriptionInfo = JSON.parse(account.subscriptionInfo)
+          orgUuid = subscriptionInfo.organizationUuid || null
+          accountUuid = subscriptionInfo.accountUuid || null
+        } catch (_) {
+          // Ignore parse errors
+        }
+      }
+
+      // 🔧 Calculate expires_in from expires_at
+      let expiresIn = null
+      if (expiresAt) {
+        try {
+          const expiresAtTime = new Date(expiresAt).getTime()
+          const nowTime = Date.now()
+          const diffSeconds = Math.floor((expiresAtTime - nowTime) / 1000)
+          if (diffSeconds > 0) {
+            expiresIn = diffSeconds
+          }
+        } catch (_) {
+          // Ignore calculation errors
+        }
+      }
+      // 🔧 Use default expires_in if calculation failed (Anthropic OAuth: 8 hours)
+      if (!expiresIn && isOAuth) {
+        expiresIn = 28800 // 8 hours
+      }
+
+      const credentials = {
+        access_token: accessToken,
+        refresh_token: refreshToken || undefined,
+        expires_at: expiresAt || undefined,
+        expires_in: expiresIn || undefined,
+        scope: scopes.join(' ') || undefined,
+        token_type: 'Bearer'
+      }
+      // 🔧 Add auth info as top-level credentials fields
+      if (orgUuid) {
+        credentials.org_uuid = orgUuid
+      }
+      if (accountUuid) {
+        credentials.account_uuid = accountUuid
+      }
+
+      // 🔧 Store complete original CRS data in extra
+      const extra = {
+        crs_account_id: account.id,
+        crs_kind: 'claude-account',
+        crs_id: account.id,
+        crs_name: account.name,
+        crs_description: account.description || '',
+        crs_platform: account.platform || 'claude',
+        crs_auth_type: authType,
+        crs_is_active: account.isActive === 'true',
+        crs_schedulable: account.schedulable !== 'false',
+        crs_priority: Number.parseInt(account.priority, 10) || 50,
+        crs_status: account.status || 'active',
+        crs_scopes: scopes,
+        crs_subscription_info: account.subscriptionInfo || undefined
+      }
+
+      return {
+        kind: 'claude-account',
+        id: account.id,
+        name: account.name,
+        description: account.description || '',
+        platform: account.platform || 'claude',
+        authType,
+        isActive: account.isActive === 'true',
+        schedulable: account.schedulable !== 'false',
+        priority: Number.parseInt(account.priority, 10) || 50,
+        status: account.status || 'active',
+        proxy,
+        credentials,
+        extra
+      }
+    })
+
+    // ===== Claude Console API Key accounts =====
+    const claudeConsoleSummaries = await claudeConsoleAccountService.getAllAccounts()
+    const claudeConsoleAccounts = []
+    for (const summary of claudeConsoleSummaries) {
+      const full = await claudeConsoleAccountService.getAccount(summary.id)
+      if (!full) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const proxy = normalizeProxy(full.proxy)
+      const modelMapping = buildModelMappingFromSupportedModels(full.supportedModels)
+
+      const credentials = {
+        api_key: full.apiKey,
+        base_url: full.apiUrl
+      }
+
+      if (modelMapping) {
+        credentials.model_mapping = modelMapping
+      }
+
+      if (full.userAgent) {
+        credentials.user_agent = full.userAgent
+      }
+
+      claudeConsoleAccounts.push({
+        kind: 'claude-console-account',
+        id: full.id,
+        name: full.name,
+        description: full.description || '',
+        platform: full.platform || 'claude-console',
+        isActive: full.isActive === true,
+        schedulable: full.schedulable !== false,
+        priority: Number.parseInt(full.priority, 10) || 50,
+        status: full.status || 'active',
+        proxy,
+        maxConcurrentTasks: Number.parseInt(full.maxConcurrentTasks, 10) || 0,
+        credentials,
+        extra: {
+          crs_account_id: full.id,
+          crs_kind: 'claude-console-account',
+          crs_id: full.id,
+          crs_name: full.name,
+          crs_description: full.description || '',
+          crs_platform: full.platform || 'claude-console',
+          crs_is_active: full.isActive === true,
+          crs_schedulable: full.schedulable !== false,
+          crs_priority: Number.parseInt(full.priority, 10) || 50,
+          crs_status: full.status || 'active'
+        }
+      })
+    }
+
+    // ===== OpenAI OAuth accounts =====
+    const openaiOAuthAccounts = []
+    {
+      const client = redis.getClientSafe()
+      const openaiKeys = await client.keys('openai:account:*')
+      for (const key of openaiKeys) {
+        const id = key.split(':').slice(2).join(':')
+        const account = await openaiAccountService.getAccount(id)
+        if (!account) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        const accessToken = account.accessToken
+          ? openaiAccountService.decrypt(account.accessToken)
+          : ''
+        if (!accessToken) {
+          // Skip broken/legacy records without decryptable token
+          continue
+        }
+
+        const scopes =
+          account.scopes && typeof account.scopes === 'string' && account.scopes.trim()
+            ? account.scopes.trim().split(' ')
+            : []
+
+        const proxy = normalizeProxy(account.proxy)
+
+        // 🔧 Calculate expires_in from expires_at
+        let expiresIn = null
+        if (account.expiresAt) {
+          try {
+            const expiresAtTime = new Date(account.expiresAt).getTime()
+            const nowTime = Date.now()
+            const diffSeconds = Math.floor((expiresAtTime - nowTime) / 1000)
+            if (diffSeconds > 0) {
+              expiresIn = diffSeconds
+            }
+          } catch (_) {
+            // Ignore calculation errors
+          }
+        }
+        // 🔧 Use default expires_in if calculation failed (OpenAI OAuth: 10 days)
+        if (!expiresIn) {
+          expiresIn = 864000 // 10 days
+        }
+
+        const credentials = {
+          access_token: accessToken,
+          refresh_token: account.refreshToken || undefined,
+          id_token: account.idToken || undefined,
+          expires_at: account.expiresAt || undefined,
+          expires_in: expiresIn || undefined,
+          scope: scopes.join(' ') || undefined,
+          token_type: 'Bearer'
+        }
+        // 🔧 Add auth info as top-level credentials fields
+        if (account.accountId) {
+          credentials.chatgpt_account_id = account.accountId
+        }
+        if (account.chatgptUserId) {
+          credentials.chatgpt_user_id = account.chatgptUserId
+        }
+        if (account.organizationId) {
+          credentials.organization_id = account.organizationId
+        }
+
+        // 🔧 Store complete original CRS data in extra
+        const extra = {
+          crs_account_id: account.id,
+          crs_kind: 'openai-oauth-account',
+          crs_id: account.id,
+          crs_name: account.name,
+          crs_description: account.description || '',
+          crs_platform: account.platform || 'openai',
+          crs_is_active: account.isActive === 'true',
+          crs_schedulable: account.schedulable !== 'false',
+          crs_priority: Number.parseInt(account.priority, 10) || 50,
+          crs_status: account.status || 'active',
+          crs_scopes: scopes,
+          crs_email: account.email || undefined,
+          crs_chatgpt_account_id: account.accountId || undefined,
+          crs_chatgpt_user_id: account.chatgptUserId || undefined,
+          crs_organization_id: account.organizationId || undefined
+        }
+
+        openaiOAuthAccounts.push({
+          kind: 'openai-oauth-account',
+          id: account.id,
+          name: account.name,
+          description: account.description || '',
+          platform: account.platform || 'openai',
+          authType: 'oauth',
+          isActive: account.isActive === 'true',
+          schedulable: account.schedulable !== 'false',
+          priority: Number.parseInt(account.priority, 10) || 50,
+          status: account.status || 'active',
+          proxy,
+          credentials,
+          extra
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
+    // ===== OpenAI Responses API Key accounts =====
+    const openaiResponsesAccounts = []
+    const client = redis.getClientSafe()
+    const openaiResponseKeys = await client.keys('openai_responses_account:*')
+    for (const key of openaiResponseKeys) {
+      const id = key.split(':').slice(1).join(':')
+      const full = await openaiResponsesAccountService.getAccount(id)
+      if (!full) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const proxy = normalizeProxy(full.proxy)
+
+      const credentials = {
+        api_key: full.apiKey,
+        base_url: full.baseApi
+      }
+
+      if (full.userAgent) {
+        credentials.user_agent = full.userAgent
+      }
+
+      openaiResponsesAccounts.push({
+        kind: 'openai-responses-account',
+        id: full.id,
+        name: full.name,
+        description: full.description || '',
+        platform: full.platform || 'openai-responses',
+        isActive: full.isActive === 'true',
+        schedulable: full.schedulable !== 'false',
+        priority: Number.parseInt(full.priority, 10) || 50,
+        status: full.status || 'active',
+        proxy,
+        credentials,
+        extra: {
+          crs_account_id: full.id,
+          crs_kind: 'openai-responses-account',
+          crs_id: full.id,
+          crs_name: full.name,
+          crs_description: full.description || '',
+          crs_platform: full.platform || 'openai-responses',
+          crs_is_active: full.isActive === 'true',
+          crs_schedulable: full.schedulable !== 'false',
+          crs_priority: Number.parseInt(full.priority, 10) || 50,
+          crs_status: full.status || 'active'
+        }
+      })
+    }
+
+    return res.json({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        exportedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        claudeAccounts,
+        claudeConsoleAccounts,
+        openaiOAuthAccounts,
+        openaiResponsesAccounts
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('❌ Failed to export accounts for sync:', error)
+    return res.status(500).json({
+      success: false,
+      error: 'export_failed',
+      message: error.message
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+module.exports = router
--- a/src/routes/api.js
+++ b/src/routes/api.js
@@ -12,7 +12,19 @@ const { getEffectiveModel, parseVendorPrefixedModel } = require('../utils/modelH
 const sessionHelper = require('../utils/sessionHelper')
 const { updateRateLimitCounters } = require('../utils/rateLimitHelper')
 const claudeRelayConfigService = require('../services/claudeRelayConfigService')
+const claudeAccountService = require('../services/claudeAccountService')
+const claudeConsoleAccountService = require('../services/claudeConsoleAccountService')
+const {
+  isWarmupRequest,
+  buildMockWarmupResponse,
+  sendMockWarmupStream
+} = require('../utils/warmupInterceptor')
 const { sanitizeUpstreamError } = require('../utils/errorSanitizer')
+const { dumpAnthropicMessagesRequest } = require('../utils/anthropicRequestDump')
+const {
+  handleAnthropicMessagesToGemini,
+  handleAnthropicCountTokensToGemini
+} = require('../services/anthropicGeminiBridgeService')
 const router = express.Router()

 function queueRateLimitUpdate(rateLimitInfo, usageSummary, model, context = '') {
@@ -110,16 +122,18 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
  try {
    const startTime = Date.now()

-    // Claude 服务权限校验，阻止未授权的 Key
-    if (
-      req.apiKey.permissions &&
-      req.apiKey.permissions !== 'all' &&
-      req.apiKey.permissions !== 'claude'
-    ) {
+    const forcedVendor = req._anthropicVendor || null
+    const requiredService =
+      forcedVendor === 'gemini-cli' || forcedVendor === 'antigravity' ? 'gemini' : 'claude'
+
+    if (!apiKeyService.hasPermission(req.apiKey?.permissions, requiredService)) {
      return res.status(403).json({
        error: {
          type: 'permission_error',
-          message: '此 API Key 无权访问 Claude 服务'
+          message:
+            requiredService === 'gemini'
+              ? '此 API Key 无权访问 Gemini 服务'
+              : '此 API Key 无权访问 Claude 服务'
        }
      })
    }
@@ -168,6 +182,25 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
      }
    }

+    logger.api('📥 /v1/messages request received', {
+      model: req.body.model || null,
+      forcedVendor,
+      stream: req.body.stream === true
+    })
+
+    dumpAnthropicMessagesRequest(req, {
+      route: '/v1/messages',
+      forcedVendor,
+      model: req.body?.model || null,
+      stream: req.body?.stream === true
+    })
+
+    // /v1/messages 的扩展：按路径强制分流到 Gemini OAuth 账户（避免 model 前缀混乱）
+    if (forcedVendor === 'gemini-cli' || forcedVendor === 'antigravity') {
+      const baseModel = (req.body.model || '').trim()
+      return await handleAnthropicMessagesToGemini(req, res, { vendor: forcedVendor, baseModel })
+    }
+
    // 检查是否为流式请求
    const isStream = req.body.stream === true

@@ -190,12 +223,42 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
    )

    if (isStream) {
+      // 🔍 检查客户端连接是否仍然有效（可能在并发排队等待期间断开）
+      if (res.destroyed || res.socket?.destroyed || res.writableEnded) {
+        logger.warn(
+          `⚠️ Client disconnected before stream response could start for key: ${req.apiKey?.name || 'unknown'}`
+        )
+        return undefined
+      }
+
      // 流式响应 - 只使用官方真实usage数据
      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/event-stream')
      res.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'no-cache')
      res.setHeader('Connection', 'keep-alive')
      res.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
      res.setHeader('X-Accel-Buffering', 'no') // 禁用 Nginx 缓冲
+      // ⚠️ 检查 headers 是否已发送（可能在排队心跳时已设置）
+      if (!res.headersSent) {
+        res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/event-stream')
+        res.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'no-cache')
+        // ⚠️ 关键修复：尊重 auth.js 提前设置的 Connection: close
+        // 当并发队列功能启用时，auth.js 会设置 Connection: close 来禁用 Keep-Alive
+        // 这里只在没有设置过 Connection 头时才设置 keep-alive
+        const existingConnection = res.getHeader('Connection')
+        if (!existingConnection) {
+          res.setHeader('Connection', 'keep-alive')
+        } else {
+          logger.api(
+            `🔌 [STREAM] Preserving existing Connection header: ${existingConnection} for key: ${req.apiKey?.name || 'unknown'}`
+          )
+        }
+        res.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
+        res.setHeader('X-Accel-Buffering', 'no') // 禁用 Nginx 缓冲
+      } else {
+        logger.debug(
+          `📤 [STREAM] Headers already sent, skipping setHeader for key: ${req.apiKey?.name || 'unknown'}`
+        )
+      }

      // 禁用 Nagle 算法，确保数据立即发送
      if (res.socket && typeof res.socket.setNoDelay === 'function') {
@@ -333,6 +396,23 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
        }
      }

+      // 🔥 预热请求拦截检查（在转发之前）
+      if (accountType === 'claude-official' || accountType === 'claude-console') {
+        const account =
+          accountType === 'claude-official'
+            ? await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+            : await claudeConsoleAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+
+        if (account?.interceptWarmup === 'true' && isWarmupRequest(req.body)) {
+          logger.api(`🔥 Warmup request intercepted for account: ${account.name} (${accountId})`)
+          if (isStream) {
+            return sendMockWarmupStream(res, req.body.model)
+          } else {
+            return res.json(buildMockWarmupResponse(req.body.model))
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
      // 根据账号类型选择对应的转发服务并调用
      if (accountType === 'claude-official') {
        // 官方Claude账号使用原有的转发服务（会自己选择账号）
@@ -657,12 +737,61 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
        }
      }, 1000) // 1秒后检查
    } else {
+      // 🔍 检查客户端连接是否仍然有效（可能在并发排队等待期间断开）
+      if (res.destroyed || res.socket?.destroyed || res.writableEnded) {
+        logger.warn(
+          `⚠️ Client disconnected before non-stream request could start for key: ${req.apiKey?.name || 'unknown'}`
+        )
+        return undefined
+      }
+
      // 非流式响应 - 只使用官方真实usage数据
      logger.info('📄 Starting non-streaming request', {
        apiKeyId: req.apiKey.id,
        apiKeyName: req.apiKey.name
      })

+      // 📊 监听 socket 事件以追踪连接状态变化
+      const nonStreamSocket = res.socket
+      let _clientClosedConnection = false
+      let _socketCloseTime = null
+
+      if (nonStreamSocket) {
+        const onSocketEnd = () => {
+          _clientClosedConnection = true
+          _socketCloseTime = Date.now()
+          logger.warn(
+            `⚠️ [NON-STREAM] Socket 'end' event - client sent FIN | key: ${req.apiKey?.name}, ` +
+              `requestId: ${req.requestId}, elapsed: ${Date.now() - startTime}ms`
+          )
+        }
+        const onSocketClose = () => {
+          _clientClosedConnection = true
+          logger.warn(
+            `⚠️ [NON-STREAM] Socket 'close' event | key: ${req.apiKey?.name}, ` +
+              `requestId: ${req.requestId}, elapsed: ${Date.now() - startTime}ms, ` +
+              `hadError: ${nonStreamSocket.destroyed}`
+          )
+        }
+        const onSocketError = (err) => {
+          logger.error(
+            `❌ [NON-STREAM] Socket error | key: ${req.apiKey?.name}, ` +
+              `requestId: ${req.requestId}, error: ${err.message}`
+          )
+        }
+
+        nonStreamSocket.once('end', onSocketEnd)
+        nonStreamSocket.once('close', onSocketClose)
+        nonStreamSocket.once('error', onSocketError)
+
+        // 清理监听器（在响应结束后）
+        res.once('finish', () => {
+          nonStreamSocket.removeListener('end', onSocketEnd)
+          nonStreamSocket.removeListener('close', onSocketClose)
+          nonStreamSocket.removeListener('error', onSocketError)
+        })
+      }
+
      // 生成会话哈希用于sticky会话
      const sessionHash = sessionHelper.generateSessionHash(req.body)

@@ -783,6 +912,21 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
        }
      }

+      // 🔥 预热请求拦截检查（非流式，在转发之前）
+      if (accountType === 'claude-official' || accountType === 'claude-console') {
+        const account =
+          accountType === 'claude-official'
+            ? await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+            : await claudeConsoleAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+
+        if (account?.interceptWarmup === 'true' && isWarmupRequest(req.body)) {
+          logger.api(
+            `🔥 Warmup request intercepted (non-stream) for account: ${account.name} (${accountId})`
+          )
+          return res.json(buildMockWarmupResponse(req.body.model))
+        }
+      }
+
      // 根据账号类型选择对应的转发服务
      let response
      logger.debug(`[DEBUG] Request query params: ${JSON.stringify(req.query)}`)
@@ -867,6 +1011,15 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
        bodyLength: response.body ? response.body.length : 0
      })

+      // 🔍 检查客户端连接是否仍然有效
+      // 在长时间请求过程中，客户端可能已经断开连接（超时、用户取消等）
+      if (res.destroyed || res.socket?.destroyed || res.writableEnded) {
+        logger.warn(
+          `⚠️ Client disconnected before non-stream response could be sent for key: ${req.apiKey?.name || 'unknown'}`
+        )
+        return undefined
+      }
+
      res.status(response.statusCode)

      // 设置响应头，避免 Content-Length 和 Transfer-Encoding 冲突
@@ -897,8 +1050,8 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
          const cacheReadTokens = jsonData.usage.cache_read_input_tokens || 0
          // Parse the model to remove vendor prefix if present (e.g., "ccr,gemini-2.5-pro" -> "gemini-2.5-pro")
          const rawModel = jsonData.model || req.body.model || 'unknown'
-          const { baseModel } = parseVendorPrefixedModel(rawModel)
-          const model = baseModel || rawModel
+          const { baseModel: usageBaseModel } = parseVendorPrefixedModel(rawModel)
+          const model = usageBaseModel || rawModel

          // 记录真实的token使用量（包含模型信息和所有4种token以及账户ID）
          const { accountId: responseAccountId } = response
@@ -932,10 +1085,12 @@ async function handleMessagesRequest(req, res) {
          logger.warn('⚠️ No usage data found in Claude API JSON response')
        }

+        // 使用 Express 内建的 res.json() 发送响应（简单可靠）
        res.json(jsonData)
      } catch (parseError) {
        logger.warn('⚠️ Failed to parse Claude API response as JSON:', parseError.message)
        logger.info('📄 Raw response body:', response.body)
+        // 使用 Express 内建的 res.send() 发送响应（简单可靠）
        res.send(response.body)
      }

@@ -1072,6 +1227,65 @@ router.post('/claude/v1/messages', authenticateApiKey, handleMessagesRequest)
 // 📋 模型列表端点 - 支持 Claude, OpenAI, Gemini
 router.get('/v1/models', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
  try {
+    // Claude Code / Anthropic baseUrl 的分流：/antigravity/api/v1/models 返回 Antigravity 实时模型列表
+    //（通过 v1internal:fetchAvailableModels），避免依赖静态 modelService 列表。
+    const forcedVendor = req._anthropicVendor || null
+    if (forcedVendor === 'antigravity') {
+      if (!apiKeyService.hasPermission(req.apiKey?.permissions, 'gemini')) {
+        return res.status(403).json({
+          error: {
+            type: 'permission_error',
+            message: '此 API Key 无权访问 Gemini 服务'
+          }
+        })
+      }
+
+      const unifiedGeminiScheduler = require('../services/unifiedGeminiScheduler')
+      const geminiAccountService = require('../services/geminiAccountService')
+
+      let accountSelection
+      try {
+        accountSelection = await unifiedGeminiScheduler.selectAccountForApiKey(
+          req.apiKey,
+          null,
+          null,
+          { oauthProvider: 'antigravity' }
+        )
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.error('Failed to select Gemini OAuth account (antigravity models):', error)
+        return res.status(503).json({ error: 'No available Gemini OAuth accounts' })
+      }
+
+      const account = await geminiAccountService.getAccount(accountSelection.accountId)
+      if (!account) {
+        return res.status(503).json({ error: 'Gemini OAuth account not found' })
+      }
+
+      let proxyConfig = null
+      if (account.proxy) {
+        try {
+          proxyConfig =
+            typeof account.proxy === 'string' ? JSON.parse(account.proxy) : account.proxy
+        } catch (e) {
+          logger.warn('Failed to parse proxy configuration:', e)
+        }
+      }
+
+      const models = await geminiAccountService.fetchAvailableModelsAntigravity(
+        account.accessToken,
+        proxyConfig,
+        account.refreshToken
+      )
+
+      // 可选：根据 API Key 的模型限制过滤（黑名单语义）
+      let filteredModels = models
+      if (req.apiKey.enableModelRestriction && req.apiKey.restrictedModels?.length > 0) {
+        filteredModels = models.filter((model) => !req.apiKey.restrictedModels.includes(model.id))
+      }
+
+      return res.json({ object: 'list', data: filteredModels })
+    }
+
    const modelService = require('../services/modelService')

    // 从 modelService 获取所有支持的模型
@@ -1208,20 +1422,27 @@ router.get('/v1/organizations/:org_id/usage', authenticateApiKey, async (req, re

 // 🔢 Token计数端点 - count_tokens beta API
 router.post('/v1/messages/count_tokens', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
-  // 检查权限
-  if (
-    req.apiKey.permissions &&
-    req.apiKey.permissions !== 'all' &&
-    req.apiKey.permissions !== 'claude'
-  ) {
+  // 按路径强制分流到 Gemini OAuth 账户（避免 model 前缀混乱）
+  const forcedVendor = req._anthropicVendor || null
+  const requiredService =
+    forcedVendor === 'gemini-cli' || forcedVendor === 'antigravity' ? 'gemini' : 'claude'
+
+  if (!apiKeyService.hasPermission(req.apiKey?.permissions, requiredService)) {
    return res.status(403).json({
      error: {
        type: 'permission_error',
-        message: 'This API key does not have permission to access Claude'
+        message:
+          requiredService === 'gemini'
+            ? 'This API key does not have permission to access Gemini'
+            : 'This API key does not have permission to access Claude'
      }
    })
  }

+  if (requiredService === 'gemini') {
+    return await handleAnthropicCountTokensToGemini(req, res, { vendor: forcedVendor })
+  }
+
  // 🔗 会话绑定验证（与 messages 端点保持一致）
  const originalSessionId = claudeRelayConfigService.extractOriginalSessionId(req.body)
  const sessionValidation = await claudeRelayConfigService.validateNewSession(
@@ -1264,9 +1485,6 @@ router.post('/v1/messages/count_tokens', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) =>
  const maxAttempts = 2
  let attempt = 0

-  // 引入 claudeConsoleAccountService 用于检查 count_tokens 可用性
-  const claudeConsoleAccountService = require('../services/claudeConsoleAccountService')
-
  const processRequest = async () => {
    const { accountId, accountType } = await unifiedClaudeScheduler.selectAccountForApiKey(
      req.apiKey,
@@ -1462,5 +1680,10 @@ router.post('/v1/messages/count_tokens', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) =>
  }
 })

+// Claude Code 客户端遥测端点 - 返回成功响应避免 404 日志
+router.post('/api/event_logging/batch', (req, res) => {
+  res.status(200).json({ success: true })
+})
+
 module.exports = router
 module.exports.handleMessagesRequest = handleMessagesRequest
--- a/src/routes/apiStats.js
+++ b/src/routes/apiStats.js
@@ -206,74 +206,85 @@ router.post('/api/user-stats', async (req, res) => {
    // 获取验证结果中的完整keyData（包含isActive状态和cost信息）
    const fullKeyData = keyData

-    // 计算总费用 - 使用与模型统计相同的逻辑（按模型分别计算）
+    // 🔧 FIX: 使用 allTimeCost 而不是扫描月度键
+    // 计算总费用 - 优先使用持久化的总费用计数器
    let totalCost = 0
    let formattedCost = '$0.000000'

    try {
      const client = redis.getClientSafe()

-      // 获取所有月度模型统计（与model-stats接口相同的逻辑）
-      const allModelKeys = await client.keys(`usage:${keyId}:model:monthly:*:*`)
-      const modelUsageMap = new Map()
+      // 读取累积的总费用（没有 TTL 的持久键）
+      const totalCostKey = `usage:cost:total:${keyId}`
+      const allTimeCost = parseFloat((await client.get(totalCostKey)) || '0')

-      for (const key of allModelKeys) {
-        const modelMatch = key.match(/usage:.+:model:monthly:(.+):(\d{4}-\d{2})$/)
-        if (!modelMatch) {
-          continue
-        }
+      if (allTimeCost > 0) {
+        totalCost = allTimeCost
+        formattedCost = CostCalculator.formatCost(allTimeCost)
+        logger.debug(`📊 使用 allTimeCost 计算用户统计: ${allTimeCost}`)
+      } else {
+        // Fallback: 如果 allTimeCost 为空（旧键），尝试月度键
+        const allModelKeys = await client.keys(`usage:${keyId}:model:monthly:*:*`)
+        const modelUsageMap = new Map()

-        const model = modelMatch[1]
-        const data = await client.hgetall(key)
-
-        if (data && Object.keys(data).length > 0) {
-          if (!modelUsageMap.has(model)) {
-            modelUsageMap.set(model, {
-              inputTokens: 0,
-              outputTokens: 0,
-              cacheCreateTokens: 0,
-              cacheReadTokens: 0
-            })
+        for (const key of allModelKeys) {
+          const modelMatch = key.match(/usage:.+:model:monthly:(.+):(\d{4}-\d{2})$/)
+          if (!modelMatch) {
+            continue
          }

-          const modelUsage = modelUsageMap.get(model)
-          modelUsage.inputTokens += parseInt(data.inputTokens) || 0
-          modelUsage.outputTokens += parseInt(data.outputTokens) || 0
-          modelUsage.cacheCreateTokens += parseInt(data.cacheCreateTokens) || 0
-          modelUsage.cacheReadTokens += parseInt(data.cacheReadTokens) || 0
-        }
-      }
+          const model = modelMatch[1]
+          const data = await client.hgetall(key)

-      // 按模型计算费用并汇总
-      for (const [model, usage] of modelUsageMap) {
-        const usageData = {
-          input_tokens: usage.inputTokens,
-          output_tokens: usage.outputTokens,
-          cache_creation_input_tokens: usage.cacheCreateTokens,
-          cache_read_input_tokens: usage.cacheReadTokens
+          if (data && Object.keys(data).length > 0) {
+            if (!modelUsageMap.has(model)) {
+              modelUsageMap.set(model, {
+                inputTokens: 0,
+                outputTokens: 0,
+                cacheCreateTokens: 0,
+                cacheReadTokens: 0
+              })
+            }
+
+            const modelUsage = modelUsageMap.get(model)
+            modelUsage.inputTokens += parseInt(data.inputTokens) || 0
+            modelUsage.outputTokens += parseInt(data.outputTokens) || 0
+            modelUsage.cacheCreateTokens += parseInt(data.cacheCreateTokens) || 0
+            modelUsage.cacheReadTokens += parseInt(data.cacheReadTokens) || 0
+          }
        }

-        const costResult = CostCalculator.calculateCost(usageData, model)
-        totalCost += costResult.costs.total
-      }
+        // 按模型计算费用并汇总
+        for (const [model, usage] of modelUsageMap) {
+          const usageData = {
+            input_tokens: usage.inputTokens,
+            output_tokens: usage.outputTokens,
+            cache_creation_input_tokens: usage.cacheCreateTokens,
+            cache_read_input_tokens: usage.cacheReadTokens
+          }

-      // 如果没有模型级别的详细数据，回退到总体数据计算
-      if (modelUsageMap.size === 0 && fullKeyData.usage?.total?.allTokens > 0) {
-        const usage = fullKeyData.usage.total
-        const costUsage = {
-          input_tokens: usage.inputTokens || 0,
-          output_tokens: usage.outputTokens || 0,
-          cache_creation_input_tokens: usage.cacheCreateTokens || 0,
-          cache_read_input_tokens: usage.cacheReadTokens || 0
+          const costResult = CostCalculator.calculateCost(usageData, model)
+          totalCost += costResult.costs.total
        }

-        const costResult = CostCalculator.calculateCost(costUsage, 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022')
-        totalCost = costResult.costs.total
-      }
+        // 如果没有模型级别的详细数据，回退到总体数据计算
+        if (modelUsageMap.size === 0 && fullKeyData.usage?.total?.allTokens > 0) {
+          const usage = fullKeyData.usage.total
+          const costUsage = {
+            input_tokens: usage.inputTokens || 0,
+            output_tokens: usage.outputTokens || 0,
+            cache_creation_input_tokens: usage.cacheCreateTokens || 0,
+            cache_read_input_tokens: usage.cacheReadTokens || 0
+          }

-      formattedCost = CostCalculator.formatCost(totalCost)
+          const costResult = CostCalculator.calculateCost(costUsage, 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022')
+          totalCost = costResult.costs.total
+        }
+
+        formattedCost = CostCalculator.formatCost(totalCost)
+      }
    } catch (error) {
-      logger.warn(`Failed to calculate detailed cost for key ${keyId}:`, error)
+      logger.warn(`Failed to calculate cost for key ${keyId}:`, error)
      // 回退到简单计算
      if (fullKeyData.usage?.total?.allTokens > 0) {
        const usage = fullKeyData.usage.total
--- a/src/routes/droidRoutes.js
+++ b/src/routes/droidRoutes.js
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ const { authenticateApiKey } = require('../middleware/auth')
 const droidRelayService = require('../services/droidRelayService')
 const sessionHelper = require('../utils/sessionHelper')
 const logger = require('../utils/logger')
+const apiKeyService = require('../services/apiKeyService')

 const router = express.Router()

 function hasDroidPermission(apiKeyData) {
-  const permissions = apiKeyData?.permissions || 'all'
-  return permissions === 'all' || permissions === 'droid'
+  return apiKeyService.hasPermission(apiKeyData?.permissions, 'droid')
 }

 /**
--- a/src/routes/openaiClaudeRoutes.js
+++ b/src/routes/openaiClaudeRoutes.js
@@ -402,16 +402,29 @@ async function handleChatCompletion(req, res, apiKeyData) {
    const duration = Date.now() - startTime
    logger.info(`✅ OpenAI-Claude request completed in ${duration}ms`)
  } catch (error) {
-    logger.error('❌ OpenAI-Claude request error:', error)
+    // 客户端主动断开连接是正常情况，使用 INFO 级别
+    if (error.message === 'Client disconnected') {
+      logger.info('🔌 OpenAI-Claude stream ended: Client disconnected')
+    } else {
+      logger.error('❌ OpenAI-Claude request error:', error)
+    }

-    const status = error.status || 500
-    res.status(status).json({
-      error: {
-        message: error.message || 'Internal server error',
-        type: 'server_error',
-        code: 'internal_error'
+    // 检查响应是否已发送（流式响应场景），避免 ERR_HTTP_HEADERS_SENT
+    if (!res.headersSent) {
+      // 客户端断开使用 499 状态码 (Client Closed Request)
+      if (error.message === 'Client disconnected') {
+        res.status(499).end()
+      } else {
+        const status = error.status || 500
+        res.status(status).json({
+          error: {
+            message: error.message || 'Internal server error',
+            type: 'server_error',
+            code: 'internal_error'
+          }
+        })
      }
-    })
+    }
  } finally {
    // 清理资源
    if (abortController) {
--- a/src/routes/openaiGeminiRoutes.js
+++ b/src/routes/openaiGeminiRoutes.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ const geminiAccountService = require('../services/geminiAccountService')
 const unifiedGeminiScheduler = require('../services/unifiedGeminiScheduler')
 const { getAvailableModels } = require('../services/geminiRelayService')
 const crypto = require('crypto')
+const apiKeyService = require('../services/apiKeyService')

 // 生成会话哈希
 function generateSessionHash(req) {
@@ -19,10 +20,19 @@ function generateSessionHash(req) {
  return crypto.createHash('sha256').update(sessionData).digest('hex')
 }

+function ensureAntigravityProjectId(account) {
+  if (account.projectId) {
+    return account.projectId
+  }
+  if (account.tempProjectId) {
+    return account.tempProjectId
+  }
+  return `ag-${crypto.randomBytes(8).toString('hex')}`
+}
+
 // 检查 API Key 权限
 function checkPermissions(apiKeyData, requiredPermission = 'gemini') {
-  const permissions = apiKeyData.permissions || 'all'
-  return permissions === 'all' || permissions === requiredPermission
+  return apiKeyService.hasPermission(apiKeyData?.permissions, requiredPermission)
 }

 // 转换 OpenAI 消息格式到 Gemini 格式
@@ -335,25 +345,48 @@ router.post('/v1/chat/completions', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
    const client = await geminiAccountService.getOauthClient(
      account.accessToken,
      account.refreshToken,
-      proxyConfig
+      proxyConfig,
+      account.oauthProvider
    )
    if (actualStream) {
      // 流式响应
+      const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
+      let { projectId } = account
+
+      if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+        projectId = ensureAntigravityProjectId(account)
+        if (!account.projectId && account.tempProjectId !== projectId) {
+          await geminiAccountService.updateTempProjectId(account.id, projectId)
+          account.tempProjectId = projectId
+        }
+      }
+
      logger.info('StreamGenerateContent request', {
        model,
-        projectId: account.projectId,
+        projectId,
        apiKeyId: apiKeyData.id
      })

-      const streamResponse = await geminiAccountService.generateContentStream(
-        client,
-        { model, request: geminiRequestBody },
-        null, // user_prompt_id
-        account.projectId, // 使用有权限的项目ID
-        apiKeyData.id, // 使用 API Key ID 作为 session ID
-        abortController.signal, // 传递中止信号
-        proxyConfig // 传递代理配置
-      )
+      const streamResponse =
+        oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+          ? await geminiAccountService.generateContentStreamAntigravity(
+              client,
+              { model, request: geminiRequestBody },
+              null, // user_prompt_id
+              projectId,
+              apiKeyData.id, // 使用 API Key ID 作为 session ID
+              abortController.signal, // 传递中止信号
+              proxyConfig // 传递代理配置
+            )
+          : await geminiAccountService.generateContentStream(
+              client,
+              { model, request: geminiRequestBody },
+              null, // user_prompt_id
+              projectId, // 使用有权限的项目ID
+              apiKeyData.id, // 使用 API Key ID 作为 session ID
+              abortController.signal, // 传递中止信号
+              proxyConfig // 传递代理配置
+            )

      // 设置流式响应头
      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/event-stream')
@@ -499,7 +532,6 @@ router.post('/v1/chat/completions', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
        // 记录使用统计
        if (!usageReported && totalUsage.totalTokenCount > 0) {
          try {
-            const apiKeyService = require('../services/apiKeyService')
            await apiKeyService.recordUsage(
              apiKeyData.id,
              totalUsage.promptTokenCount || 0,
@@ -559,20 +591,41 @@ router.post('/v1/chat/completions', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
      })
    } else {
      // 非流式响应
+      const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
+      let { projectId } = account
+
+      if (oauthProvider === 'antigravity') {
+        projectId = ensureAntigravityProjectId(account)
+        if (!account.projectId && account.tempProjectId !== projectId) {
+          await geminiAccountService.updateTempProjectId(account.id, projectId)
+          account.tempProjectId = projectId
+        }
+      }
+
      logger.info('GenerateContent request', {
        model,
-        projectId: account.projectId,
+        projectId,
        apiKeyId: apiKeyData.id
      })

-      const response = await geminiAccountService.generateContent(
-        client,
-        { model, request: geminiRequestBody },
-        null, // user_prompt_id
-        account.projectId, // 使用有权限的项目ID
-        apiKeyData.id, // 使用 API Key ID 作为 session ID
-        proxyConfig // 传递代理配置
-      )
+      const response =
+        oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+          ? await geminiAccountService.generateContentAntigravity(
+              client,
+              { model, request: geminiRequestBody },
+              null, // user_prompt_id
+              projectId,
+              apiKeyData.id, // 使用 API Key ID 作为 session ID
+              proxyConfig // 传递代理配置
+            )
+          : await geminiAccountService.generateContent(
+              client,
+              { model, request: geminiRequestBody },
+              null, // user_prompt_id
+              projectId, // 使用有权限的项目ID
+              apiKeyData.id, // 使用 API Key ID 作为 session ID
+              proxyConfig // 传递代理配置
+            )

      // 转换为 OpenAI 格式并返回
      const openaiResponse = convertGeminiResponseToOpenAI(response, model, false)
@@ -580,7 +633,6 @@ router.post('/v1/chat/completions', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
      // 记录使用统计
      if (openaiResponse.usage) {
        try {
-          const apiKeyService = require('../services/apiKeyService')
          await apiKeyService.recordUsage(
            apiKeyData.id,
            openaiResponse.usage.prompt_tokens || 0,
@@ -604,7 +656,15 @@ router.post('/v1/chat/completions', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
    const duration = Date.now() - startTime
    logger.info(`OpenAI-Gemini request completed in ${duration}ms`)
  } catch (error) {
-    logger.error('OpenAI-Gemini request error:', error)
+    const statusForLog = error?.status || error?.response?.status
+    logger.error('OpenAI-Gemini request error', {
+      message: error?.message,
+      status: statusForLog,
+      code: error?.code,
+      requestUrl: error?.config?.url,
+      requestMethod: error?.config?.method,
+      upstreamTraceId: error?.response?.headers?.['x-cloudaicompanion-trace-id']
+    })

    // 处理速率限制
    if (error.status === 429) {
@@ -613,17 +673,24 @@ router.post('/v1/chat/completions', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
      }
    }

-    // 返回 OpenAI 格式的错误响应
-    const status = error.status || 500
-    const errorResponse = {
-      error: error.error || {
-        message: error.message || 'Internal server error',
-        type: 'server_error',
-        code: 'internal_error'
+    // 检查响应是否已发送（流式响应场景），避免 ERR_HTTP_HEADERS_SENT
+    if (!res.headersSent) {
+      // 客户端断开使用 499 状态码 (Client Closed Request)
+      if (error.message === 'Client disconnected') {
+        res.status(499).end()
+      } else {
+        // 返回 OpenAI 格式的错误响应
+        const status = error.status || 500
+        const errorResponse = {
+          error: error.error || {
+            message: error.message || 'Internal server error',
+            type: 'server_error',
+            code: 'internal_error'
+          }
+        }
+        res.status(status).json(errorResponse)
      }
    }
-
-    res.status(status).json(errorResponse)
  } finally {
    // 清理资源
    if (abortController) {
@@ -633,8 +700,8 @@ router.post('/v1/chat/completions', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
  return undefined
 })

-// OpenAI 兼容的模型列表端点
-router.get('/v1/models', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
+// 获取可用模型列表的共享处理器
+async function handleGetModels(req, res) {
  try {
    const apiKeyData = req.apiKey

@@ -665,8 +732,21 @@ router.get('/v1/models', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
    let models = []

    if (account) {
-      // 获取实际的模型列表
-      models = await getAvailableModels(account.accessToken, account.proxy)
+      // 获取实际的模型列表（失败时回退到默认列表，避免影响 /v1/models 可用性）
+      try {
+        const oauthProvider = account.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
+        models =
+          oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+            ? await geminiAccountService.fetchAvailableModelsAntigravity(
+                account.accessToken,
+                account.proxy,
+                account.refreshToken
+              )
+            : await getAvailableModels(account.accessToken, account.proxy)
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn('Failed to get Gemini models list from upstream, fallback to default:', error)
+        models = []
+      }
    } else {
      // 返回默认模型列表
      models = [
@@ -679,6 +759,17 @@ router.get('/v1/models', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
      ]
    }

+    if (!models || models.length === 0) {
+      models = [
+        {
+          id: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp',
+          object: 'model',
+          created: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
+          owned_by: 'google'
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+
    // 如果启用了模型限制，过滤模型列表
    if (apiKeyData.enableModelRestriction && apiKeyData.restrictedModels.length > 0) {
      models = models.filter((model) => apiKeyData.restrictedModels.includes(model.id))
@@ -698,8 +789,13 @@ router.get('/v1/models', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
      }
    })
  }
-  return undefined
-})
+}
+
+// OpenAI 兼容的模型列表端点 (带 v1 版)
+router.get('/v1/models', authenticateApiKey, handleGetModels)
+
+// OpenAI 兼容的模型列表端点 (根路径版，方便第三方加载)
+router.get('/models', authenticateApiKey, handleGetModels)

 // OpenAI 兼容的模型详情端点
 router.get('/v1/models/:model', authenticateApiKey, async (req, res) => {
--- a/src/routes/openaiRoutes.js
+++ b/src/routes/openaiRoutes.js
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ function createProxyAgent(proxy) {

 // 检查 API Key 是否具备 OpenAI 权限
 function checkOpenAIPermissions(apiKeyData) {
-  const permissions = apiKeyData?.permissions || 'all'
-  return permissions === 'all' || permissions === 'openai'
+  return apiKeyService.hasPermission(apiKeyData?.permissions, 'openai')
 }

 function normalizeHeaders(headers = {}) {
--- a/src/routes/unified.js
+++ b/src/routes/unified.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const {
  handleStreamGenerateContent: geminiHandleStreamGenerateContent
 } = require('../handlers/geminiHandlers')
 const openaiRoutes = require('./openaiRoutes')
+const apiKeyService = require('../services/apiKeyService')

 const router = express.Router()

@@ -45,11 +46,11 @@ async function routeToBackend(req, res, requestedModel) {
  logger.info(`🔀 Routing request - Model: ${requestedModel}, Backend: ${backend}`)

  // 检查权限
-  const permissions = req.apiKey.permissions || 'all'
+  const { permissions } = req.apiKey

  if (backend === 'claude') {
    // Claude 后端：通过 OpenAI 兼容层
-    if (permissions !== 'all' && permissions !== 'claude') {
+    if (!apiKeyService.hasPermission(permissions, 'claude')) {
      return res.status(403).json({
        error: {
          message: 'This API key does not have permission to access Claude',
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ async function routeToBackend(req, res, requestedModel) {
    await handleChatCompletion(req, res, req.apiKey)
  } else if (backend === 'openai') {
    // OpenAI 后端
-    if (permissions !== 'all' && permissions !== 'openai') {
+    if (!apiKeyService.hasPermission(permissions, 'openai')) {
      return res.status(403).json({
        error: {
          message: 'This API key does not have permission to access OpenAI',
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ async function routeToBackend(req, res, requestedModel) {
    return await openaiRoutes.handleResponses(req, res)
  } else if (backend === 'gemini') {
    // Gemini 后端
-    if (permissions !== 'all' && permissions !== 'gemini') {
+    if (!apiKeyService.hasPermission(permissions, 'gemini')) {
      return res.status(403).json({
        error: {
          message: 'This API key does not have permission to access Gemini',
--- a/src/routes/web.js
+++ b/src/routes/web.js
@@ -164,13 +164,27 @@ router.post('/auth/change-password', async (req, res) => {

    // 获取当前会话
    const sessionData = await redis.getSession(token)
-    if (!sessionData) {
+
+    // 🔒 安全修复：检查空对象
+    if (!sessionData || Object.keys(sessionData).length === 0) {
      return res.status(401).json({
        error: 'Invalid token',
        message: 'Session expired or invalid'
      })
    }

+    // 🔒 安全修复：验证会话完整性
+    if (!sessionData.username || !sessionData.loginTime) {
+      logger.security(
+        `🔒 Invalid session structure in /auth/change-password from ${req.ip || 'unknown'}`
+      )
+      await redis.deleteSession(token)
+      return res.status(401).json({
+        error: 'Invalid session',
+        message: 'Session data corrupted or incomplete'
+      })
+    }
+
    // 获取当前管理员信息
    const adminData = await redis.getSession('admin_credentials')
    if (!adminData) {
@@ -269,13 +283,25 @@ router.get('/auth/user', async (req, res) => {

    // 获取当前会话
    const sessionData = await redis.getSession(token)
-    if (!sessionData) {
+
+    // 🔒 安全修复：检查空对象
+    if (!sessionData || Object.keys(sessionData).length === 0) {
      return res.status(401).json({
        error: 'Invalid token',
        message: 'Session expired or invalid'
      })
    }

+    // 🔒 安全修复：验证会话完整性
+    if (!sessionData.username || !sessionData.loginTime) {
+      logger.security(`🔒 Invalid session structure in /auth/user from ${req.ip || 'unknown'}`)
+      await redis.deleteSession(token)
+      return res.status(401).json({
+        error: 'Invalid session',
+        message: 'Session data corrupted or incomplete'
+      })
+    }
+
    // 获取管理员信息
    const adminData = await redis.getSession('admin_credentials')
    if (!adminData) {
@@ -316,13 +342,24 @@ router.post('/auth/refresh', async (req, res) => {

    const sessionData = await redis.getSession(token)

-    if (!sessionData) {
+    // 🔒 安全修复：检查空对象（hgetall 对不存在的 key 返回 {}）
+    if (!sessionData || Object.keys(sessionData).length === 0) {
      return res.status(401).json({
        error: 'Invalid token',
        message: 'Session expired or invalid'
      })
    }

+    // 🔒 安全修复：验证会话完整性（必须有 username 和 loginTime）
+    if (!sessionData.username || !sessionData.loginTime) {
+      logger.security(`🔒 Invalid session structure detected from ${req.ip || 'unknown'}`)
+      await redis.deleteSession(token) // 清理无效/伪造的会话
+      return res.status(401).json({
+        error: 'Invalid session',
+        message: 'Session data corrupted or incomplete'
+      })
+    }
+
    // 更新最后活动时间
    sessionData.lastActivity = new Date().toISOString()
    await redis.setSession(token, sessionData, config.security.adminSessionTimeout)
--- a/src/services/accountBalanceService.js
+++ b/src/services/accountBalanceService.js
@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+const redis = require('../models/redis')
+const balanceScriptService = require('./balanceScriptService')
+const logger = require('../utils/logger')
+const CostCalculator = require('../utils/costCalculator')
+const { isBalanceScriptEnabled } = require('../utils/featureFlags')
+
+class AccountBalanceService {
+  constructor(options = {}) {
+    this.redis = options.redis || redis
+    this.logger = options.logger || logger
+
+    this.providers = new Map()
+
+    this.CACHE_TTL_SECONDS = 3600
+    this.LOCAL_TTL_SECONDS = 300
+
+    this.LOW_BALANCE_THRESHOLD = 10
+    this.HIGH_USAGE_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 90
+    this.DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY = 10
+  }
+
+  getSupportedPlatforms() {
+    return [
+      'claude',
+      'claude-console',
+      'gemini',
+      'gemini-api',
+      'openai',
+      'openai-responses',
+      'azure_openai',
+      'bedrock',
+      'droid',
+      'ccr'
+    ]
+  }
+
+  normalizePlatform(platform) {
+    if (!platform) {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    const value = String(platform).trim().toLowerCase()
+
+    // 兼容实施文档与历史命名
+    if (value === 'claude-official') {
+      return 'claude'
+    }
+    if (value === 'azure-openai') {
+      return 'azure_openai'
+    }
+
+    // 保持前端平台键一致
+    return value
+  }
+
+  registerProvider(platform, provider) {
+    const normalized = this.normalizePlatform(platform)
+    if (!normalized) {
+      throw new Error('registerProvider: 缺少 platform')
+    }
+    if (!provider || typeof provider.queryBalance !== 'function') {
+      throw new Error(`registerProvider: Provider 无效 (${normalized})`)
+    }
+    this.providers.set(normalized, provider)
+  }
+
+  async getAccountBalance(accountId, platform, options = {}) {
+    const normalizedPlatform = this.normalizePlatform(platform)
+    const account = await this.getAccount(accountId, normalizedPlatform)
+    if (!account) {
+      return null
+    }
+    return await this._getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, normalizedPlatform, options)
+  }
+
+  async refreshAccountBalance(accountId, platform) {
+    const normalizedPlatform = this.normalizePlatform(platform)
+    const account = await this.getAccount(accountId, normalizedPlatform)
+    if (!account) {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    return await this._getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, normalizedPlatform, {
+      queryApi: true,
+      useCache: false
+    })
+  }
+
+  async getAllAccountsBalance(platform, options = {}) {
+    const normalizedPlatform = this.normalizePlatform(platform)
+    const accounts = await this.getAllAccountsByPlatform(normalizedPlatform)
+    const queryApi = this._parseBoolean(options.queryApi) || false
+    const useCache = options.useCache !== false
+
+    const results = await this._mapWithConcurrency(
+      accounts,
+      this.DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY,
+      async (acc) => {
+        try {
+          const balance = await this._getAccountBalanceForAccount(acc, normalizedPlatform, {
+            queryApi,
+            useCache
+          })
+          return { ...balance, name: acc.name || '' }
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger.error(`批量获取余额失败: ${normalizedPlatform}:${acc?.id}`, error)
+          return {
+            success: true,
+            data: {
+              accountId: acc?.id,
+              platform: normalizedPlatform,
+              balance: null,
+              quota: null,
+              statistics: {},
+              source: 'local',
+              lastRefreshAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+              cacheExpiresAt: null,
+              status: 'error',
+              error: error.message || '批量查询失败'
+            },
+            name: acc?.name || ''
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    )
+
+    return results
+  }
+
+  async getBalanceSummary() {
+    const platforms = this.getSupportedPlatforms()
+
+    const summary = {
+      totalBalance: 0,
+      totalCost: 0,
+      lowBalanceCount: 0,
+      platforms: {}
+    }
+
+    for (const platform of platforms) {
+      const accounts = await this.getAllAccountsByPlatform(platform)
+      const platformData = {
+        count: accounts.length,
+        totalBalance: 0,
+        totalCost: 0,
+        lowBalanceCount: 0,
+        accounts: []
+      }
+
+      const balances = await this._mapWithConcurrency(
+        accounts,
+        this.DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY,
+        async (acc) => {
+          const balance = await this._getAccountBalanceForAccount(acc, platform, {
+            queryApi: false,
+            useCache: true
+          })
+          return { ...balance, name: acc.name || '' }
+        }
+      )
+
+      for (const item of balances) {
+        platformData.accounts.push(item)
+
+        const amount = item?.data?.balance?.amount
+        const percentage = item?.data?.quota?.percentage
+        const totalCost = Number(item?.data?.statistics?.totalCost || 0)
+
+        const hasAmount = typeof amount === 'number' && Number.isFinite(amount)
+        const isLowBalance = hasAmount && amount < this.LOW_BALANCE_THRESHOLD
+        const isHighUsage =
+          typeof percentage === 'number' &&
+          Number.isFinite(percentage) &&
+          percentage > this.HIGH_USAGE_THRESHOLD_PERCENT
+
+        if (hasAmount) {
+          platformData.totalBalance += amount
+        }
+
+        if (isLowBalance || isHighUsage) {
+          platformData.lowBalanceCount += 1
+          summary.lowBalanceCount += 1
+        }
+
+        platformData.totalCost += totalCost
+      }
+
+      summary.platforms[platform] = platformData
+      summary.totalBalance += platformData.totalBalance
+      summary.totalCost += platformData.totalCost
+    }
+
+    return summary
+  }
+
+  async clearCache(accountId, platform) {
+    const normalizedPlatform = this.normalizePlatform(platform)
+    if (!normalizedPlatform) {
+      throw new Error('缺少 platform 参数')
+    }
+
+    await this.redis.deleteAccountBalance(normalizedPlatform, accountId)
+    this.logger.info(`余额缓存已清除: ${normalizedPlatform}:${accountId}`)
+  }
+
+  async getAccount(accountId, platform) {
+    if (!accountId || !platform) {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    const serviceMap = {
+      claude: require('./claudeAccountService'),
+      'claude-console': require('./claudeConsoleAccountService'),
+      gemini: require('./geminiAccountService'),
+      'gemini-api': require('./geminiApiAccountService'),
+      openai: require('./openaiAccountService'),
+      'openai-responses': require('./openaiResponsesAccountService'),
+      azure_openai: require('./azureOpenaiAccountService'),
+      bedrock: require('./bedrockAccountService'),
+      droid: require('./droidAccountService'),
+      ccr: require('./ccrAccountService')
+    }
+
+    const service = serviceMap[platform]
+    if (!service || typeof service.getAccount !== 'function') {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    return await service.getAccount(accountId)
+  }
+
+  async getAllAccountsByPlatform(platform) {
+    if (!platform) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    const serviceMap = {
+      claude: require('./claudeAccountService'),
+      'claude-console': require('./claudeConsoleAccountService'),
+      gemini: require('./geminiAccountService'),
+      'gemini-api': require('./geminiApiAccountService'),
+      openai: require('./openaiAccountService'),
+      'openai-responses': require('./openaiResponsesAccountService'),
+      azure_openai: require('./azureOpenaiAccountService'),
+      bedrock: require('./bedrockAccountService'),
+      droid: require('./droidAccountService'),
+      ccr: require('./ccrAccountService')
+    }
+
+    const service = serviceMap[platform]
+    if (!service) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    // Bedrock 特殊：返回 { success, data }
+    if (platform === 'bedrock' && typeof service.getAllAccounts === 'function') {
+      const result = await service.getAllAccounts()
+      return result?.success ? result.data || [] : []
+    }
+
+    if (platform === 'openai-responses') {
+      return await service.getAllAccounts(true)
+    }
+
+    if (typeof service.getAllAccounts !== 'function') {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    return await service.getAllAccounts()
+  }
+
+  async _getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, platform, options = {}) {
+    const queryMode = this._parseQueryMode(options.queryApi)
+    const useCache = options.useCache !== false
+
+    const accountId = account?.id
+    if (!accountId) {
+      throw new Error('账户缺少 id')
+    }
+
+    // 余额脚本配置状态（用于前端控制“刷新余额”按钮）
+    let scriptConfig = null
+    let scriptConfigured = false
+    if (typeof this.redis?.getBalanceScriptConfig === 'function') {
+      scriptConfig = await this.redis.getBalanceScriptConfig(platform, accountId)
+      scriptConfigured = !!(
+        scriptConfig &&
+        scriptConfig.scriptBody &&
+        String(scriptConfig.scriptBody).trim().length > 0
+      )
+    }
+    const scriptEnabled = isBalanceScriptEnabled()
+    const scriptMeta = { scriptEnabled, scriptConfigured }
+
+    const localBalance = await this._getBalanceFromLocal(accountId, platform)
+    const localStatistics = localBalance.statistics || {}
+
+    const quotaFromLocal = this._buildQuotaFromLocal(account, localStatistics)
+
+    // 安全限制：queryApi=auto 仅用于 Antigravity（gemini + oauthProvider=antigravity）账户
+    const effectiveQueryMode =
+      queryMode === 'auto' && !(platform === 'gemini' && account?.oauthProvider === 'antigravity')
+        ? 'local'
+        : queryMode
+
+    // local: 仅本地统计/缓存；auto: 优先缓存，无缓存则尝试远程 Provider（并缓存结果）
+    if (effectiveQueryMode !== 'api') {
+      if (useCache) {
+        const cached = await this.redis.getAccountBalance(platform, accountId)
+        if (cached && cached.status === 'success') {
+          return this._buildResponse(
+            {
+              status: cached.status,
+              errorMessage: cached.errorMessage,
+              balance: quotaFromLocal.balance ?? cached.balance,
+              currency: quotaFromLocal.currency || cached.currency || 'USD',
+              quota: quotaFromLocal.quota || cached.quota || null,
+              statistics: localStatistics,
+              lastRefreshAt: cached.lastRefreshAt
+            },
+            accountId,
+            platform,
+            'cache',
+            cached.ttlSeconds,
+            scriptMeta
+          )
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (effectiveQueryMode === 'local') {
+        return this._buildResponse(
+          {
+            status: 'success',
+            errorMessage: null,
+            balance: quotaFromLocal.balance,
+            currency: quotaFromLocal.currency || 'USD',
+            quota: quotaFromLocal.quota,
+            statistics: localStatistics,
+            lastRefreshAt: localBalance.lastCalculated
+          },
+          accountId,
+          platform,
+          'local',
+          null,
+          scriptMeta
+        )
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 强制查询：优先脚本（如启用且已配置），否则调用 Provider；失败自动降级到本地统计
+    let providerResult
+
+    if (scriptEnabled && scriptConfigured) {
+      providerResult = await this._getBalanceFromScript(scriptConfig, accountId, platform)
+    } else {
+      const provider = this.providers.get(platform)
+      if (!provider) {
+        return this._buildResponse(
+          {
+            status: 'error',
+            errorMessage: `不支持的平台: ${platform}`,
+            balance: quotaFromLocal.balance,
+            currency: quotaFromLocal.currency || 'USD',
+            quota: quotaFromLocal.quota,
+            statistics: localStatistics,
+            lastRefreshAt: new Date().toISOString()
+          },
+          accountId,
+          platform,
+          'local',
+          null,
+          scriptMeta
+        )
+      }
+      providerResult = await this._getBalanceFromProvider(provider, account)
+    }
+
+    const isRemoteSuccess =
+      providerResult.status === 'success' && ['api', 'script'].includes(providerResult.queryMethod)
+
+    // 仅缓存“真实远程查询成功”的结果，避免把字段/本地降级结果当作 API 结果缓存 1h
+    if (isRemoteSuccess) {
+      await this.redis.setAccountBalance(
+        platform,
+        accountId,
+        providerResult,
+        this.CACHE_TTL_SECONDS
+      )
+    }
+
+    const source = isRemoteSuccess ? 'api' : 'local'
+
+    return this._buildResponse(
+      {
+        status: providerResult.status,
+        errorMessage: providerResult.errorMessage,
+        balance: quotaFromLocal.balance ?? providerResult.balance,
+        currency: quotaFromLocal.currency || providerResult.currency || 'USD',
+        quota: quotaFromLocal.quota || providerResult.quota || null,
+        statistics: localStatistics,
+        lastRefreshAt: providerResult.lastRefreshAt
+      },
+      accountId,
+      platform,
+      source,
+      null,
+      scriptMeta
+    )
+  }
+
+  async _getBalanceFromScript(scriptConfig, accountId, platform) {
+    try {
+      const result = await balanceScriptService.execute({
+        scriptBody: scriptConfig.scriptBody,
+        timeoutSeconds: scriptConfig.timeoutSeconds || 10,
+        variables: {
+          baseUrl: scriptConfig.baseUrl || '',
+          apiKey: scriptConfig.apiKey || '',
+          token: scriptConfig.token || '',
+          accountId,
+          platform,
+          extra: scriptConfig.extra || ''
+        }
+      })
+
+      const mapped = result?.mapped || {}
+      return {
+        status: mapped.status || 'error',
+        balance: typeof mapped.balance === 'number' ? mapped.balance : null,
+        currency: mapped.currency || 'USD',
+        quota: mapped.quota || null,
+        queryMethod: 'api',
+        rawData: mapped.rawData || result?.response?.data || null,
+        lastRefreshAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        errorMessage: mapped.errorMessage || ''
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      return {
+        status: 'error',
+        balance: null,
+        currency: 'USD',
+        quota: null,
+        queryMethod: 'api',
+        rawData: null,
+        lastRefreshAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        errorMessage: error.message || '脚本执行失败'
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  async _getBalanceFromProvider(provider, account) {
+    try {
+      const result = await provider.queryBalance(account)
+      return {
+        status: 'success',
+        balance: typeof result?.balance === 'number' ? result.balance : null,
+        currency: result?.currency || 'USD',
+        quota: result?.quota || null,
+        queryMethod: result?.queryMethod || 'api',
+        rawData: result?.rawData || null,
+        lastRefreshAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        errorMessage: ''
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      return {
+        status: 'error',
+        balance: null,
+        currency: 'USD',
+        quota: null,
+        queryMethod: 'api',
+        rawData: null,
+        lastRefreshAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+        errorMessage: error.message || '查询失败'
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  async _getBalanceFromLocal(accountId, platform) {
+    const cached = await this.redis.getLocalBalance(platform, accountId)
+    if (cached && cached.statistics) {
+      return cached
+    }
+
+    const statistics = await this._computeLocalStatistics(accountId)
+    const localBalance = {
+      status: 'success',
+      balance: null,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      statistics,
+      queryMethod: 'local',
+      lastCalculated: new Date().toISOString()
+    }
+
+    await this.redis.setLocalBalance(platform, accountId, localBalance, this.LOCAL_TTL_SECONDS)
+    return localBalance
+  }
+
+  async _computeLocalStatistics(accountId) {
+    const safeNumber = (value) => {
+      const num = Number(value)
+      return Number.isFinite(num) ? num : 0
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const usageStats = await this.redis.getAccountUsageStats(accountId)
+      const dailyCost = safeNumber(usageStats?.daily?.cost || 0)
+      const monthlyCost = await this._computeMonthlyCost(accountId)
+      const totalCost = await this._computeTotalCost(accountId)
+
+      return {
+        totalCost,
+        dailyCost,
+        monthlyCost,
+        totalRequests: safeNumber(usageStats?.total?.requests || 0),
+        dailyRequests: safeNumber(usageStats?.daily?.requests || 0),
+        monthlyRequests: safeNumber(usageStats?.monthly?.requests || 0)
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.debug(`本地统计计算失败: ${accountId}`, error)
+      return {
+        totalCost: 0,
+        dailyCost: 0,
+        monthlyCost: 0,
+        totalRequests: 0,
+        dailyRequests: 0,
+        monthlyRequests: 0
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  async _computeMonthlyCost(accountId) {
+    const tzDate = this.redis.getDateInTimezone(new Date())
+    const currentMonth = `${tzDate.getUTCFullYear()}-${String(tzDate.getUTCMonth() + 1).padStart(
+      2,
+      '0'
+    )}`
+
+    const pattern = `account_usage:model:monthly:${accountId}:*:${currentMonth}`
+    return await this._sumModelCostsByKeysPattern(pattern)
+  }
+
+  async _computeTotalCost(accountId) {
+    const pattern = `account_usage:model:monthly:${accountId}:*:*`
+    return await this._sumModelCostsByKeysPattern(pattern)
+  }
+
+  async _sumModelCostsByKeysPattern(pattern) {
+    try {
+      const client = this.redis.getClientSafe()
+      let totalCost = 0
+      let cursor = '0'
+      const scanCount = 200
+      let iterations = 0
+      const maxIterations = 2000
+
+      do {
+        const [nextCursor, keys] = await client.scan(cursor, 'MATCH', pattern, 'COUNT', scanCount)
+        cursor = nextCursor
+        iterations += 1
+
+        if (!keys || keys.length === 0) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        const pipeline = client.pipeline()
+        keys.forEach((key) => pipeline.hgetall(key))
+        const results = await pipeline.exec()
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i += 1) {
+          const [, data] = results[i] || []
+          if (!data || Object.keys(data).length === 0) {
+            continue
+          }
+
+          const parts = String(keys[i]).split(':')
+          const model = parts[4] || 'unknown'
+
+          const usage = {
+            input_tokens: parseInt(data.inputTokens || 0),
+            output_tokens: parseInt(data.outputTokens || 0),
+            cache_creation_input_tokens: parseInt(data.cacheCreateTokens || 0),
+            cache_read_input_tokens: parseInt(data.cacheReadTokens || 0)
+          }
+
+          const costResult = CostCalculator.calculateCost(usage, model)
+          totalCost += costResult.costs.total || 0
+        }
+
+        if (iterations >= maxIterations) {
+          this.logger.warn(`SCAN 次数超过上限，停止汇总：${pattern}`)
+          break
+        }
+      } while (cursor !== '0')
+
+      return totalCost
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.debug(`汇总模型费用失败: ${pattern}`, error)
+      return 0
+    }
+  }
+
+  _buildQuotaFromLocal(account, statistics) {
+    if (!account || !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(account, 'dailyQuota')) {
+      return { balance: null, currency: null, quota: null }
+    }
+
+    const dailyQuota = Number(account.dailyQuota || 0)
+    const used = Number(statistics?.dailyCost || 0)
+
+    const resetAt = this._computeNextResetAt(account.quotaResetTime || '00:00')
+
+    // 不限制
+    if (!Number.isFinite(dailyQuota) || dailyQuota <= 0) {
+      return {
+        balance: null,
+        currency: 'USD',
+        quota: {
+          daily: Infinity,
+          used,
+          remaining: Infinity,
+          percentage: 0,
+          unlimited: true,
+          resetAt
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const remaining = Math.max(0, dailyQuota - used)
+    const percentage = dailyQuota > 0 ? (used / dailyQuota) * 100 : 0
+
+    return {
+      balance: remaining,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      quota: {
+        daily: dailyQuota,
+        used,
+        remaining,
+        resetAt,
+        percentage: Math.round(percentage * 100) / 100
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  _computeNextResetAt(resetTime) {
+    const now = new Date()
+    const tzNow = this.redis.getDateInTimezone(now)
+    const offsetMs = tzNow.getTime() - now.getTime()
+
+    const [h, m] = String(resetTime || '00:00')
+      .split(':')
+      .map((n) => parseInt(n, 10))
+
+    const resetHour = Number.isFinite(h) ? h : 0
+    const resetMinute = Number.isFinite(m) ? m : 0
+
+    const year = tzNow.getUTCFullYear()
+    const month = tzNow.getUTCMonth()
+    const day = tzNow.getUTCDate()
+
+    let resetAtMs = Date.UTC(year, month, day, resetHour, resetMinute, 0, 0) - offsetMs
+    if (resetAtMs <= now.getTime()) {
+      resetAtMs += 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
+    }
+
+    return new Date(resetAtMs).toISOString()
+  }
+
+  _buildResponse(balanceData, accountId, platform, source, ttlSeconds = null, extraData = {}) {
+    const now = new Date()
+
+    const amount = typeof balanceData.balance === 'number' ? balanceData.balance : null
+    const currency = balanceData.currency || 'USD'
+
+    let cacheExpiresAt = null
+    if (source === 'cache') {
+      const ttl =
+        typeof ttlSeconds === 'number' && ttlSeconds > 0 ? ttlSeconds : this.CACHE_TTL_SECONDS
+      cacheExpiresAt = new Date(Date.now() + ttl * 1000).toISOString()
+    }
+
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        accountId,
+        platform,
+        balance:
+          typeof amount === 'number'
+            ? {
+                amount,
+                currency,
+                formattedAmount: this._formatCurrency(amount, currency)
+              }
+            : null,
+        quota: balanceData.quota || null,
+        statistics: balanceData.statistics || {},
+        source,
+        lastRefreshAt: balanceData.lastRefreshAt || now.toISOString(),
+        cacheExpiresAt,
+        status: balanceData.status || 'success',
+        error: balanceData.errorMessage || null,
+        ...(extraData && typeof extraData === 'object' ? extraData : {})
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  _formatCurrency(amount, currency = 'USD') {
+    try {
+      if (typeof amount !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(amount)) {
+        return 'N/A'
+      }
+      return new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', { style: 'currency', currency }).format(amount)
+    } catch (error) {
+      return `$${amount.toFixed(2)}`
+    }
+  }
+
+  _parseBoolean(value) {
+    if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
+      return value
+    }
+    if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+      return null
+    }
+    const normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase()
+    if (normalized === 'true' || normalized === '1' || normalized === 'yes') {
+      return true
+    }
+    if (normalized === 'false' || normalized === '0' || normalized === 'no') {
+      return false
+    }
+    return null
+  }
+
+  _parseQueryMode(value) {
+    if (value === 'auto') {
+      return 'auto'
+    }
+    const parsed = this._parseBoolean(value)
+    return parsed ? 'api' : 'local'
+  }
+
+  async _mapWithConcurrency(items, limit, mapper) {
+    const concurrency = Math.max(1, Number(limit) || 1)
+    const list = Array.isArray(items) ? items : []
+
+    const results = new Array(list.length)
+    let nextIndex = 0
+
+    const workers = new Array(Math.min(concurrency, list.length)).fill(null).map(async () => {
+      while (nextIndex < list.length) {
+        const currentIndex = nextIndex
+        nextIndex += 1
+        results[currentIndex] = await mapper(list[currentIndex], currentIndex)
+      }
+    })
+
+    await Promise.all(workers)
+    return results
+  }
+}
+
+const accountBalanceService = new AccountBalanceService()
+module.exports = accountBalanceService
+module.exports.AccountBalanceService = AccountBalanceService
--- a/src/services/accountTestSchedulerService.js
+++ b/src/services/accountTestSchedulerService.js
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+/**
+ * 账户定时测试调度服务
+ * 使用 node-cron 支持 crontab 表达式，为每个账户创建独立的定时任务
+ */
+
+const cron = require('node-cron')
+const redis = require('../models/redis')
+const logger = require('../utils/logger')
+
+class AccountTestSchedulerService {
+  constructor() {
+    // 存储每个账户的 cron 任务: Map<string, { task: ScheduledTask, cronExpression: string }>
+    this.scheduledTasks = new Map()
+    // 定期刷新配置的间隔 (毫秒)
+    this.refreshIntervalMs = 60 * 1000
+    this.refreshInterval = null
+    // 当前正在测试的账户
+    this.testingAccounts = new Set()
+    // 是否已启动
+    this.isStarted = false
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 验证 cron 表达式是否有效
+   * @param {string} cronExpression - cron 表达式
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  validateCronExpression(cronExpression) {
+    // 长度检查（防止 DoS）
+    if (!cronExpression || cronExpression.length > 100) {
+      return false
+    }
+    return cron.validate(cronExpression)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 启动调度器
+   */
+  async start() {
+    if (this.isStarted) {
+      logger.warn('⚠️ Account test scheduler is already running')
+      return
+    }
+
+    this.isStarted = true
+    logger.info('🚀 Starting account test scheduler service (node-cron mode)')
+
+    // 初始化所有已配置账户的定时任务
+    await this._refreshAllTasks()
+
+    // 定期刷新配置，以便动态添加/修改的配置能生效
+    this.refreshInterval = setInterval(() => {
+      this._refreshAllTasks()
+    }, this.refreshIntervalMs)
+
+    logger.info(
+      `📅 Account test scheduler started (refreshing configs every ${this.refreshIntervalMs / 1000}s)`
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 停止调度器
+   */
+  stop() {
+    if (this.refreshInterval) {
+      clearInterval(this.refreshInterval)
+      this.refreshInterval = null
+    }
+
+    // 停止所有 cron 任务
+    for (const [accountKey, taskInfo] of this.scheduledTasks.entries()) {
+      taskInfo.task.stop()
+      logger.debug(`🛑 Stopped cron task for ${accountKey}`)
+    }
+    this.scheduledTasks.clear()
+
+    this.isStarted = false
+    logger.info('🛑 Account test scheduler stopped')
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 刷新所有账户的定时任务
+   * @private
+   */
+  async _refreshAllTasks() {
+    try {
+      const platforms = ['claude', 'gemini', 'openai']
+      const activeAccountKeys = new Set()
+
+      // 并行加载所有平台的配置
+      const allEnabledAccounts = await Promise.all(
+        platforms.map((platform) =>
+          redis
+            .getEnabledTestAccounts(platform)
+            .then((accounts) => accounts.map((acc) => ({ ...acc, platform })))
+            .catch((error) => {
+              logger.warn(`⚠️ Failed to load test accounts for platform ${platform}:`, error)
+              return []
+            })
+        )
+      )
+
+      // 展平平台数据
+      const flatAccounts = allEnabledAccounts.flat()
+
+      for (const { accountId, cronExpression, model, platform } of flatAccounts) {
+        if (!cronExpression) {
+          logger.warn(
+            `⚠️ Account ${accountId} (${platform}) has no valid cron expression, skipping`
+          )
+          continue
+        }
+
+        const accountKey = `${platform}:${accountId}`
+        activeAccountKeys.add(accountKey)
+
+        // 检查是否需要更新任务
+        const existingTask = this.scheduledTasks.get(accountKey)
+        if (existingTask) {
+          // 如果 cron 表达式和模型都没变，不需要更新
+          if (existingTask.cronExpression === cronExpression && existingTask.model === model) {
+            continue
+          }
+          // 配置变了，停止旧任务
+          existingTask.task.stop()
+          logger.info(`🔄 Updating cron task for ${accountKey}: ${cronExpression}, model: ${model}`)
+        } else {
+          logger.info(`➕ Creating cron task for ${accountKey}: ${cronExpression}, model: ${model}`)
+        }
+
+        // 创建新的 cron 任务
+        this._createCronTask(accountId, platform, cronExpression, model)
+      }
+
+      // 清理已删除或禁用的账户任务
+      for (const [accountKey, taskInfo] of this.scheduledTasks.entries()) {
+        if (!activeAccountKeys.has(accountKey)) {
+          taskInfo.task.stop()
+          this.scheduledTasks.delete(accountKey)
+          logger.info(`➖ Removed cron task for ${accountKey} (disabled or deleted)`)
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('❌ Error refreshing account test tasks:', error)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 为单个账户创建 cron 任务
+   * @param {string} accountId
+   * @param {string} platform
+   * @param {string} cronExpression
+   * @param {string} model - 测试使用的模型
+   * @private
+   */
+  _createCronTask(accountId, platform, cronExpression, model) {
+    const accountKey = `${platform}:${accountId}`
+
+    // 验证 cron 表达式
+    if (!this.validateCronExpression(cronExpression)) {
+      logger.error(`❌ Invalid cron expression for ${accountKey}: ${cronExpression}`)
+      return
+    }
+
+    const task = cron.schedule(
+      cronExpression,
+      async () => {
+        await this._runAccountTest(accountId, platform, model)
+      },
+      {
+        scheduled: true,
+        timezone: process.env.TZ || 'Asia/Shanghai'
+      }
+    )
+
+    this.scheduledTasks.set(accountKey, {
+      task,
+      cronExpression,
+      model,
+      accountId,
+      platform
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行单个账户测试
+   * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+   * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+   * @param {string} model - 测试使用的模型
+   * @private
+   */
+  async _runAccountTest(accountId, platform, model) {
+    const accountKey = `${platform}:${accountId}`
+
+    // 避免重复测试
+    if (this.testingAccounts.has(accountKey)) {
+      logger.debug(`⏳ Account ${accountKey} is already being tested, skipping`)
+      return
+    }
+
+    this.testingAccounts.add(accountKey)
+
+    try {
+      logger.info(
+        `🧪 Running scheduled test for ${platform} account: ${accountId} (model: ${model})`
+      )
+
+      let testResult
+
+      // 根据平台调用对应的测试方法
+      switch (platform) {
+        case 'claude':
+          testResult = await this._testClaudeAccount(accountId, model)
+          break
+        case 'gemini':
+          testResult = await this._testGeminiAccount(accountId, model)
+          break
+        case 'openai':
+          testResult = await this._testOpenAIAccount(accountId, model)
+          break
+        default:
+          testResult = {
+            success: false,
+            error: `Unsupported platform: ${platform}`,
+            timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+          }
+      }
+
+      // 保存测试结果
+      await redis.saveAccountTestResult(accountId, platform, testResult)
+
+      // 更新最后测试时间
+      await redis.setAccountLastTestTime(accountId, platform)
+
+      // 记录日志
+      if (testResult.success) {
+        logger.info(
+          `✅ Scheduled test passed for ${platform} account ${accountId} (${testResult.latencyMs}ms)`
+        )
+      } else {
+        logger.warn(
+          `❌ Scheduled test failed for ${platform} account ${accountId}: ${testResult.error}`
+        )
+      }
+
+      return testResult
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error(`❌ Error testing ${platform} account ${accountId}:`, error)
+
+      const errorResult = {
+        success: false,
+        error: error.message,
+        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+      }
+
+      await redis.saveAccountTestResult(accountId, platform, errorResult)
+      await redis.setAccountLastTestTime(accountId, platform)
+
+      return errorResult
+    } finally {
+      this.testingAccounts.delete(accountKey)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 测试 Claude 账户
+   * @param {string} accountId
+   * @param {string} model - 测试使用的模型
+   * @private
+   */
+  async _testClaudeAccount(accountId, model) {
+    const claudeRelayService = require('./claudeRelayService')
+    return await claudeRelayService.testAccountConnectionSync(accountId, model)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 测试 Gemini 账户
+   * @param {string} _accountId
+   * @param {string} _model
+   * @private
+   */
+  async _testGeminiAccount(_accountId, _model) {
+    // Gemini 测试暂时返回未实现
+    return {
+      success: false,
+      error: 'Gemini scheduled test not implemented yet',
+      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 测试 OpenAI 账户
+   * @param {string} _accountId
+   * @param {string} _model
+   * @private
+   */
+  async _testOpenAIAccount(_accountId, _model) {
+    // OpenAI 测试暂时返回未实现
+    return {
+      success: false,
+      error: 'OpenAI scheduled test not implemented yet',
+      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 手动触发账户测试
+   * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+   * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+   * @param {string} model - 测试使用的模型
+   * @returns {Promise<Object>} 测试结果
+   */
+  async triggerTest(accountId, platform, model = 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929') {
+    logger.info(`🎯 Manual test triggered for ${platform} account: ${accountId} (model: ${model})`)
+    return await this._runAccountTest(accountId, platform, model)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 获取账户测试历史
+   * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+   * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+   * @returns {Promise<Array>} 测试历史
+   */
+  async getTestHistory(accountId, platform) {
+    return await redis.getAccountTestHistory(accountId, platform)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 获取账户测试配置
+   * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+   * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+   * @returns {Promise<Object|null>}
+   */
+  async getTestConfig(accountId, platform) {
+    return await redis.getAccountTestConfig(accountId, platform)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 设置账户测试配置
+   * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
+   * @param {string} platform - 平台类型
+   * @param {Object} testConfig - 测试配置 { enabled: boolean, cronExpression: string, model: string }
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async setTestConfig(accountId, platform, testConfig) {
+    // 验证 cron 表达式
+    if (testConfig.cronExpression && !this.validateCronExpression(testConfig.cronExpression)) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid cron expression: ${testConfig.cronExpression}`)
+    }
+
+    await redis.saveAccountTestConfig(accountId, platform, testConfig)
+    logger.info(
+      `📝 Test config updated for ${platform} account ${accountId}: enabled=${testConfig.enabled}, cronExpression=${testConfig.cronExpression}, model=${testConfig.model}`
+    )
+
+    // 立即刷新任务，使配置立即生效
+    if (this.isStarted) {
+      await this._refreshAllTasks()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 更新单个账户的定时任务（配置变更时调用）
+   * @param {string} accountId
+   * @param {string} platform
+   */
+  async refreshAccountTask(accountId, platform) {
+    if (!this.isStarted) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const accountKey = `${platform}:${accountId}`
+    const testConfig = await redis.getAccountTestConfig(accountId, platform)
+
+    // 停止现有任务
+    const existingTask = this.scheduledTasks.get(accountKey)
+    if (existingTask) {
+      existingTask.task.stop()
+      this.scheduledTasks.delete(accountKey)
+    }
+
+    // 如果启用且有有效的 cron 表达式，创建新任务
+    if (testConfig?.enabled && testConfig?.cronExpression) {
+      this._createCronTask(accountId, platform, testConfig.cronExpression, testConfig.model)
+      logger.info(
+        `🔄 Refreshed cron task for ${accountKey}: ${testConfig.cronExpression}, model: ${testConfig.model}`
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 获取调度器状态
+   * @returns {Object}
+   */
+  getStatus() {
+    const tasks = []
+    for (const [accountKey, taskInfo] of this.scheduledTasks.entries()) {
+      tasks.push({
+        accountKey,
+        accountId: taskInfo.accountId,
+        platform: taskInfo.platform,
+        cronExpression: taskInfo.cronExpression,
+        model: taskInfo.model
+      })
+    }
+
+    return {
+      running: this.isStarted,
+      refreshIntervalMs: this.refreshIntervalMs,
+      scheduledTasksCount: this.scheduledTasks.size,
+      scheduledTasks: tasks,
+      currentlyTesting: Array.from(this.testingAccounts)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// 单例模式
+const accountTestSchedulerService = new AccountTestSchedulerService()
+
+module.exports = accountTestSchedulerService
--- a/src/services/anthropicGeminiBridgeService.js
+++ b/src/services/anthropicGeminiBridgeService.js
--- a/src/services/antigravityClient.js
+++ b/src/services/antigravityClient.js
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+const axios = require('axios')
+const https = require('https')
+const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid')
+
+const ProxyHelper = require('../utils/proxyHelper')
+const logger = require('../utils/logger')
+const {
+  mapAntigravityUpstreamModel,
+  normalizeAntigravityModelInput,
+  getAntigravityModelMetadata
+} = require('../utils/antigravityModel')
+const { cleanJsonSchemaForGemini } = require('../utils/geminiSchemaCleaner')
+const { dumpAntigravityUpstreamRequest } = require('../utils/antigravityUpstreamDump')
+
+const keepAliveAgent = new https.Agent({
+  keepAlive: true,
+  keepAliveMsecs: 30000,
+  timeout: 120000,
+  maxSockets: 100,
+  maxFreeSockets: 10
+})
+
+function getAntigravityApiUrl() {
+  return process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_API_URL || 'https://daily-cloudcode-pa.sandbox.googleapis.com'
+}
+
+function normalizeBaseUrl(url) {
+  const str = String(url || '').trim()
+  return str.endsWith('/') ? str.slice(0, -1) : str
+}
+
+function getAntigravityApiUrlCandidates() {
+  const configured = normalizeBaseUrl(getAntigravityApiUrl())
+  const daily = 'https://daily-cloudcode-pa.sandbox.googleapis.com'
+  const prod = 'https://cloudcode-pa.googleapis.com'
+
+  // 若显式配置了自定义 base url，则只使用该地址（不做 fallback，避免意外路由到别的环境）。
+  if (process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_API_URL) {
+    return [configured]
+  }
+
+  // 默认行为：优先 daily（与旧逻辑一致），失败时再尝试 prod（对齐 CLIProxyAPI）。
+  if (configured === normalizeBaseUrl(daily)) {
+    return [configured, prod]
+  }
+  if (configured === normalizeBaseUrl(prod)) {
+    return [configured, daily]
+  }
+
+  return [configured, prod, daily].filter(Boolean)
+}
+
+function getAntigravityHeaders(accessToken, baseUrl) {
+  const resolvedBaseUrl = baseUrl || getAntigravityApiUrl()
+  let host = 'daily-cloudcode-pa.sandbox.googleapis.com'
+  try {
+    host = new URL(resolvedBaseUrl).host || host
+  } catch (e) {
+    // ignore
+  }
+
+  return {
+    Host: host,
+    'User-Agent': process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_USER_AGENT || 'antigravity/1.11.3 windows/amd64',
+    Authorization: `Bearer ${accessToken}`,
+    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip',
+    requestType: 'agent'
+  }
+}
+
+function generateAntigravityProjectId() {
+  return `ag-${uuidv4().replace(/-/g, '').slice(0, 16)}`
+}
+
+function generateAntigravitySessionId() {
+  return `sess-${uuidv4()}`
+}
+
+function resolveAntigravityProjectId(projectId, requestData) {
+  const candidate = projectId || requestData?.project || requestData?.projectId || null
+  return candidate || generateAntigravityProjectId()
+}
+
+function resolveAntigravitySessionId(sessionId, requestData) {
+  const candidate =
+    sessionId || requestData?.request?.sessionId || requestData?.request?.session_id || null
+  return candidate || generateAntigravitySessionId()
+}
+
+function buildAntigravityEnvelope({ requestData, projectId, sessionId, userPromptId }) {
+  const model = mapAntigravityUpstreamModel(requestData?.model)
+  const resolvedProjectId = resolveAntigravityProjectId(projectId, requestData)
+  const resolvedSessionId = resolveAntigravitySessionId(sessionId, requestData)
+  const requestPayload = {
+    ...(requestData?.request || {})
+  }
+
+  if (requestPayload.session_id !== undefined) {
+    delete requestPayload.session_id
+  }
+  requestPayload.sessionId = resolvedSessionId
+
+  const envelope = {
+    project: resolvedProjectId,
+    requestId: `req-${uuidv4()}`,
+    model,
+    userAgent: 'antigravity',
+    request: {
+      ...requestPayload
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (userPromptId) {
+    envelope.user_prompt_id = userPromptId
+    envelope.userPromptId = userPromptId
+  }
+
+  normalizeAntigravityEnvelope(envelope)
+  return { model, envelope }
+}
+
+function normalizeAntigravityThinking(model, requestPayload) {
+  if (!requestPayload || typeof requestPayload !== 'object') {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const { generationConfig } = requestPayload
+  if (!generationConfig || typeof generationConfig !== 'object') {
+    return
+  }
+  const { thinkingConfig } = generationConfig
+  if (!thinkingConfig || typeof thinkingConfig !== 'object') {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const normalizedModel = normalizeAntigravityModelInput(model)
+  if (thinkingConfig.thinkingLevel && !normalizedModel.startsWith('gemini-3-')) {
+    delete thinkingConfig.thinkingLevel
+  }
+
+  const metadata = getAntigravityModelMetadata(normalizedModel)
+  if (metadata && !metadata.thinking) {
+    delete generationConfig.thinkingConfig
+    return
+  }
+  if (!metadata || !metadata.thinking) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const budgetRaw = Number(thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(budgetRaw)) {
+    return
+  }
+  let budget = Math.trunc(budgetRaw)
+
+  const minBudget = Number.isFinite(metadata.thinking.min) ? metadata.thinking.min : null
+  const maxBudget = Number.isFinite(metadata.thinking.max) ? metadata.thinking.max : null
+
+  if (maxBudget !== null && budget > maxBudget) {
+    budget = maxBudget
+  }
+
+  let effectiveMax = Number.isFinite(generationConfig.maxOutputTokens)
+    ? generationConfig.maxOutputTokens
+    : null
+  let setDefaultMax = false
+  if (!effectiveMax && metadata.maxCompletionTokens) {
+    effectiveMax = metadata.maxCompletionTokens
+    setDefaultMax = true
+  }
+
+  if (effectiveMax && budget >= effectiveMax) {
+    budget = Math.max(0, effectiveMax - 1)
+  }
+
+  if (minBudget !== null && budget >= 0 && budget < minBudget) {
+    delete generationConfig.thinkingConfig
+    return
+  }
+
+  thinkingConfig.thinkingBudget = budget
+  if (setDefaultMax) {
+    generationConfig.maxOutputTokens = effectiveMax
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeAntigravityEnvelope(envelope) {
+  if (!envelope || typeof envelope !== 'object') {
+    return
+  }
+  const model = String(envelope.model || '')
+  const requestPayload = envelope.request
+  if (!requestPayload || typeof requestPayload !== 'object') {
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (requestPayload.safetySettings !== undefined) {
+    delete requestPayload.safetySettings
+  }
+
+  // 对齐 CLIProxyAPI：有 tools 时默认启用 VALIDATED（除非显式 NONE）
+  if (Array.isArray(requestPayload.tools) && requestPayload.tools.length > 0) {
+    const existing = requestPayload?.toolConfig?.functionCallingConfig || null
+    if (existing?.mode !== 'NONE') {
+      const nextCfg = { ...(existing || {}), mode: 'VALIDATED' }
+      requestPayload.toolConfig = { functionCallingConfig: nextCfg }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 对齐 CLIProxyAPI：非 Claude 模型移除 maxOutputTokens（Antigravity 环境不稳定）
+  normalizeAntigravityThinking(model, requestPayload)
+  if (!model.includes('claude')) {
+    if (requestPayload.generationConfig && typeof requestPayload.generationConfig === 'object') {
+      delete requestPayload.generationConfig.maxOutputTokens
+    }
+    return
+  }
+
+  // Claude 模型：parametersJsonSchema -> parameters + schema 清洗（避免 $schema / additionalProperties 等触发 400）
+  if (!Array.isArray(requestPayload.tools)) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  for (const tool of requestPayload.tools) {
+    if (!tool || typeof tool !== 'object') {
+      continue
+    }
+    const decls = Array.isArray(tool.functionDeclarations)
+      ? tool.functionDeclarations
+      : Array.isArray(tool.function_declarations)
+        ? tool.function_declarations
+        : null
+
+    if (!decls) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    for (const decl of decls) {
+      if (!decl || typeof decl !== 'object') {
+        continue
+      }
+      let schema =
+        decl.parametersJsonSchema !== undefined ? decl.parametersJsonSchema : decl.parameters
+      if (typeof schema === 'string' && schema) {
+        try {
+          schema = JSON.parse(schema)
+        } catch (_) {
+          schema = null
+        }
+      }
+
+      decl.parameters = cleanJsonSchemaForGemini(schema)
+      delete decl.parametersJsonSchema
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function request({
+  accessToken,
+  proxyConfig = null,
+  requestData,
+  projectId = null,
+  sessionId = null,
+  userPromptId = null,
+  stream = false,
+  signal = null,
+  params = null,
+  timeoutMs = null
+}) {
+  const { model, envelope } = buildAntigravityEnvelope({
+    requestData,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId,
+    userPromptId
+  })
+
+  const proxyAgent = ProxyHelper.createProxyAgent(proxyConfig)
+  let endpoints = getAntigravityApiUrlCandidates()
+
+  // Claude 模型在 sandbox(daily) 环境下对 tool_use/tool_result 的兼容性不稳定，优先走 prod。
+  // 保持可配置优先：若用户显式设置了 ANTIGRAVITY_API_URL，则不改变顺序。
+  if (!process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_API_URL && String(model).includes('claude')) {
+    const prodHost = 'cloudcode-pa.googleapis.com'
+    const dailyHost = 'daily-cloudcode-pa.sandbox.googleapis.com'
+    const ordered = []
+    for (const u of endpoints) {
+      if (String(u).includes(prodHost)) {
+        ordered.push(u)
+      }
+    }
+    for (const u of endpoints) {
+      if (!String(u).includes(prodHost)) {
+        ordered.push(u)
+      }
+    }
+    // 去重并保持 prod -> daily 的稳定顺序
+    endpoints = Array.from(new Set(ordered)).sort((a, b) => {
+      const av = String(a)
+      const bv = String(b)
+      const aScore = av.includes(prodHost) ? 0 : av.includes(dailyHost) ? 1 : 2
+      const bScore = bv.includes(prodHost) ? 0 : bv.includes(dailyHost) ? 1 : 2
+      return aScore - bScore
+    })
+  }
+
+  const isRetryable = (error) => {
+    // 处理网络层面的连接重置或超时（常见于长请求被中间节点切断）
+    if (error.code === 'ECONNRESET' || error.code === 'ETIMEDOUT') {
+      return true
+    }
+
+    const status = error?.response?.status
+    if (status === 429) {
+      return true
+    }
+
+    // 400/404 的 “model unavailable / not found” 在不同环境间可能表现不同，允许 fallback。
+    if (status === 400 || status === 404) {
+      const data = error?.response?.data
+      const safeToString = (value) => {
+        if (typeof value === 'string') {
+          return value
+        }
+        if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+          return ''
+        }
+        // axios responseType=stream 时，data 可能是 stream（存在循环引用），不能 JSON.stringify
+        if (typeof value === 'object' && typeof value.pipe === 'function') {
+          return ''
+        }
+        if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+          try {
+            return value.toString('utf8')
+          } catch (_) {
+            return ''
+          }
+        }
+        if (typeof value === 'object') {
+          try {
+            return JSON.stringify(value)
+          } catch (_) {
+            return ''
+          }
+        }
+        return String(value)
+      }
+
+      const text = safeToString(data)
+      const msg = (text || '').toLowerCase()
+      return (
+        msg.includes('requested model is currently unavailable') ||
+        msg.includes('tool_use') ||
+        msg.includes('tool_result') ||
+        msg.includes('requested entity was not found') ||
+        msg.includes('not found')
+      )
+    }
+
+    return false
+  }
+
+  let lastError = null
+  let retriedAfterDelay = false
+
+  const attemptRequest = async () => {
+    for (let index = 0; index < endpoints.length; index += 1) {
+      const baseUrl = endpoints[index]
+      const url = `${baseUrl}/v1internal:${stream ? 'streamGenerateContent' : 'generateContent'}`
+
+      const axiosConfig = {
+        url,
+        method: 'POST',
+        ...(params ? { params } : {}),
+        headers: getAntigravityHeaders(accessToken, baseUrl),
+        data: envelope,
+        timeout: stream ? 0 : timeoutMs || 600000,
+        ...(stream ? { responseType: 'stream' } : {})
+      }
+
+      if (proxyAgent) {
+        axiosConfig.httpsAgent = proxyAgent
+        axiosConfig.proxy = false
+        if (index === 0) {
+          logger.info(
+            `🌐 Using proxy for Antigravity ${stream ? 'streamGenerateContent' : 'generateContent'}: ${ProxyHelper.getProxyDescription(proxyConfig)}`
+          )
+        }
+      } else {
+        axiosConfig.httpsAgent = keepAliveAgent
+      }
+
+      if (signal) {
+        axiosConfig.signal = signal
+      }
+
+      try {
+        dumpAntigravityUpstreamRequest({
+          requestId: envelope.requestId,
+          model,
+          stream,
+          url,
+          baseUrl,
+          params: axiosConfig.params || null,
+          headers: axiosConfig.headers,
+          envelope
+        }).catch(() => {})
+        const response = await axios(axiosConfig)
+        return { model, response }
+      } catch (error) {
+        lastError = error
+        const status = error?.response?.status || null
+
+        const hasNext = index + 1 < endpoints.length
+        if (hasNext && isRetryable(error)) {
+          logger.warn('⚠️ Antigravity upstream error, retrying with fallback baseUrl', {
+            status,
+            from: baseUrl,
+            to: endpoints[index + 1],
+            model
+          })
+          continue
+        }
+        throw error
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw lastError || new Error('Antigravity request failed')
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return await attemptRequest()
+  } catch (error) {
+    // 如果是 429 RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED 且尚未重试过，等待 2 秒后重试一次
+    const status = error?.response?.status
+    if (status === 429 && !retriedAfterDelay && !signal?.aborted) {
+      const data = error?.response?.data
+
+      // 安全地将 data 转为字符串，避免 stream 对象导致循环引用崩溃
+      const safeDataToString = (value) => {
+        if (typeof value === 'string') {
+          return value
+        }
+        if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+          return ''
+        }
+        // stream 对象存在循环引用，不能 JSON.stringify
+        if (typeof value === 'object' && typeof value.pipe === 'function') {
+          return ''
+        }
+        if (Buffer.isBuffer(value)) {
+          try {
+            return value.toString('utf8')
+          } catch (_) {
+            return ''
+          }
+        }
+        if (typeof value === 'object') {
+          try {
+            return JSON.stringify(value)
+          } catch (_) {
+            return ''
+          }
+        }
+        return String(value)
+      }
+
+      const msg = safeDataToString(data)
+      if (
+        msg.toLowerCase().includes('resource_exhausted') ||
+        msg.toLowerCase().includes('no capacity')
+      ) {
+        retriedAfterDelay = true
+        logger.warn('⏳ Antigravity 429 RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED, waiting 2s before retry', { model })
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2000))
+        return await attemptRequest()
+      }
+    }
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+async function fetchAvailableModels({ accessToken, proxyConfig = null, timeoutMs = 30000 }) {
+  const proxyAgent = ProxyHelper.createProxyAgent(proxyConfig)
+  const endpoints = getAntigravityApiUrlCandidates()
+
+  let lastError = null
+  for (let index = 0; index < endpoints.length; index += 1) {
+    const baseUrl = endpoints[index]
+    const url = `${baseUrl}/v1internal:fetchAvailableModels`
+
+    const axiosConfig = {
+      url,
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: getAntigravityHeaders(accessToken, baseUrl),
+      data: {},
+      timeout: timeoutMs
+    }
+
+    if (proxyAgent) {
+      axiosConfig.httpsAgent = proxyAgent
+      axiosConfig.proxy = false
+      if (index === 0) {
+        logger.info(
+          `🌐 Using proxy for Antigravity fetchAvailableModels: ${ProxyHelper.getProxyDescription(proxyConfig)}`
+        )
+      }
+    } else {
+      axiosConfig.httpsAgent = keepAliveAgent
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const response = await axios(axiosConfig)
+      return response.data
+    } catch (error) {
+      lastError = error
+      const status = error?.response?.status
+      const hasNext = index + 1 < endpoints.length
+      if (hasNext && (status === 429 || status === 404)) {
+        continue
+      }
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw lastError || new Error('Antigravity fetchAvailableModels failed')
+}
+
+async function countTokens({
+  accessToken,
+  proxyConfig = null,
+  contents,
+  model,
+  timeoutMs = 30000
+}) {
+  const upstreamModel = mapAntigravityUpstreamModel(model)
+
+  const proxyAgent = ProxyHelper.createProxyAgent(proxyConfig)
+  const endpoints = getAntigravityApiUrlCandidates()
+
+  let lastError = null
+  for (let index = 0; index < endpoints.length; index += 1) {
+    const baseUrl = endpoints[index]
+    const url = `${baseUrl}/v1internal:countTokens`
+    const axiosConfig = {
+      url,
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: getAntigravityHeaders(accessToken, baseUrl),
+      data: {
+        request: {
+          model: `models/${upstreamModel}`,
+          contents
+        }
+      },
+      timeout: timeoutMs
+    }
+
+    if (proxyAgent) {
+      axiosConfig.httpsAgent = proxyAgent
+      axiosConfig.proxy = false
+      if (index === 0) {
+        logger.info(
+          `🌐 Using proxy for Antigravity countTokens: ${ProxyHelper.getProxyDescription(proxyConfig)}`
+        )
+      }
+    } else {
+      axiosConfig.httpsAgent = keepAliveAgent
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const response = await axios(axiosConfig)
+      return response.data
+    } catch (error) {
+      lastError = error
+      const status = error?.response?.status
+      const hasNext = index + 1 < endpoints.length
+      if (hasNext && (status === 429 || status === 404)) {
+        continue
+      }
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw lastError || new Error('Antigravity countTokens failed')
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  getAntigravityApiUrl,
+  getAntigravityApiUrlCandidates,
+  getAntigravityHeaders,
+  buildAntigravityEnvelope,
+  request,
+  fetchAvailableModels,
+  countTokens
+}
--- a/src/services/antigravityRelayService.js
+++ b/src/services/antigravityRelayService.js
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+const apiKeyService = require('./apiKeyService')
+const { convertMessagesToGemini, convertGeminiResponse } = require('./geminiRelayService')
+const { normalizeAntigravityModelInput } = require('../utils/antigravityModel')
+const antigravityClient = require('./antigravityClient')
+
+function buildRequestData({ messages, model, temperature, maxTokens, sessionId }) {
+  const requestedModel = normalizeAntigravityModelInput(model)
+  const { contents, systemInstruction } = convertMessagesToGemini(messages)
+
+  const requestData = {
+    model: requestedModel,
+    request: {
+      contents,
+      generationConfig: {
+        temperature,
+        maxOutputTokens: maxTokens,
+        candidateCount: 1,
+        topP: 0.95,
+        topK: 40
+      },
+      ...(sessionId ? { sessionId } : {})
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (systemInstruction) {
+    requestData.request.systemInstruction = { parts: [{ text: systemInstruction }] }
+  }
+
+  return requestData
+}
+
+async function* handleStreamResponse(response, model, apiKeyId, accountId) {
+  let buffer = ''
+  let totalUsage = {
+    promptTokenCount: 0,
+    candidatesTokenCount: 0,
+    totalTokenCount: 0
+  }
+  let usageRecorded = false
+
+  try {
+    for await (const chunk of response.data) {
+      buffer += chunk.toString()
+
+      const lines = buffer.split('\n')
+      buffer = lines.pop() || ''
+
+      for (const line of lines) {
+        if (!line.trim()) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        let jsonData = line
+        if (line.startsWith('data: ')) {
+          jsonData = line.substring(6).trim()
+        }
+
+        if (!jsonData || jsonData === '[DONE]') {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        try {
+          const data = JSON.parse(jsonData)
+          const payload = data?.response || data
+
+          if (payload?.usageMetadata) {
+            totalUsage = payload.usageMetadata
+          }
+
+          const openaiChunk = convertGeminiResponse(payload, model, true)
+          if (openaiChunk) {
+            yield `data: ${JSON.stringify(openaiChunk)}\n\n`
+            const finishReason = openaiChunk.choices?.[0]?.finish_reason
+            if (finishReason === 'stop') {
+              yield 'data: [DONE]\n\n'
+
+              if (apiKeyId && totalUsage.totalTokenCount > 0) {
+                await apiKeyService.recordUsage(
+                  apiKeyId,
+                  totalUsage.promptTokenCount || 0,
+                  totalUsage.candidatesTokenCount || 0,
+                  0,
+                  0,
+                  model,
+                  accountId
+                )
+                usageRecorded = true
+              }
+              return
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (e) {
+          // ignore chunk parse errors
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } finally {
+    if (!usageRecorded && apiKeyId && totalUsage.totalTokenCount > 0) {
+      await apiKeyService.recordUsage(
+        apiKeyId,
+        totalUsage.promptTokenCount || 0,
+        totalUsage.candidatesTokenCount || 0,
+        0,
+        0,
+        model,
+        accountId
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function sendAntigravityRequest({
+  messages,
+  model,
+  temperature = 0.7,
+  maxTokens = 4096,
+  stream = false,
+  accessToken,
+  proxy,
+  apiKeyId,
+  signal,
+  projectId,
+  accountId = null
+}) {
+  const requestedModel = normalizeAntigravityModelInput(model)
+
+  const requestData = buildRequestData({
+    messages,
+    model: requestedModel,
+    temperature,
+    maxTokens,
+    sessionId: apiKeyId
+  })
+
+  const { response } = await antigravityClient.request({
+    accessToken,
+    proxyConfig: proxy,
+    requestData,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId: apiKeyId,
+    stream,
+    signal,
+    params: { alt: 'sse' }
+  })
+
+  if (stream) {
+    return handleStreamResponse(response, requestedModel, apiKeyId, accountId)
+  }
+
+  const payload = response.data?.response || response.data
+  const openaiResponse = convertGeminiResponse(payload, requestedModel, false)
+
+  if (apiKeyId && openaiResponse?.usage) {
+    await apiKeyService.recordUsage(
+      apiKeyId,
+      openaiResponse.usage.prompt_tokens || 0,
+      openaiResponse.usage.completion_tokens || 0,
+      0,
+      0,
+      requestedModel,
+      accountId
+    )
+  }
+
+  return openaiResponse
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  sendAntigravityRequest
+}
--- a/src/services/apiKeyService.js
+++ b/src/services/apiKeyService.js
@@ -37,6 +37,51 @@ const ACCOUNT_CATEGORY_MAP = {
  droid: 'droid'
 }

+/**
+ * 规范化权限数据，兼容旧格式（字符串）和新格式（数组）
+ * @param {string|array} permissions - 权限数据
+ * @returns {array} - 权限数组，空数组表示全部服务
+ */
+function normalizePermissions(permissions) {
+  if (!permissions) {
+    return [] // 空 = 全部服务
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(permissions)) {
+    return permissions
+  }
+  // 尝试解析 JSON 字符串（新格式存储）
+  if (typeof permissions === 'string') {
+    if (permissions.startsWith('[')) {
+      try {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(permissions)
+        if (Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+          return parsed
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        // 解析失败，继续处理为普通字符串
+      }
+    }
+    // 旧格式 'all' 转为空数组
+    if (permissions === 'all') {
+      return []
+    }
+    // 旧单个字符串转为数组
+    return [permissions]
+  }
+  return []
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检查是否有访问特定服务的权限
+ * @param {string|array} permissions - 权限数据
+ * @param {string} service - 服务名称（claude/gemini/openai/droid）
+ * @returns {boolean} - 是否有权限
+ */
+function hasPermission(permissions, service) {
+  const perms = normalizePermissions(permissions)
+  return perms.length === 0 || perms.includes(service) // 空数组 = 全部服务
+}
+
 function normalizeAccountTypeKey(type) {
  if (!type) {
    return null
@@ -89,7 +134,7 @@ class ApiKeyService {
      azureOpenaiAccountId = null,
      bedrockAccountId = null, // 添加 Bedrock 账号ID支持
      droidAccountId = null,
-      permissions = 'all', // 可选值：'claude'、'gemini'、'openai'、'droid' 或 'all'
+      permissions = [], // 数组格式，空数组表示全部服务，如 ['claude', 'gemini']
      isActive = true,
      concurrencyLimit = 0,
      rateLimitWindow = null,
@@ -132,7 +177,7 @@ class ApiKeyService {
      azureOpenaiAccountId: azureOpenaiAccountId || '',
      bedrockAccountId: bedrockAccountId || '', // 添加 Bedrock 账号ID
      droidAccountId: droidAccountId || '',
-      permissions: permissions || 'all',
+      permissions: JSON.stringify(normalizePermissions(permissions)),
      enableModelRestriction: String(enableModelRestriction),
      restrictedModels: JSON.stringify(restrictedModels || []),
      enableClientRestriction: String(enableClientRestriction || false),
@@ -186,7 +231,7 @@ class ApiKeyService {
      azureOpenaiAccountId: keyData.azureOpenaiAccountId,
      bedrockAccountId: keyData.bedrockAccountId, // 添加 Bedrock 账号ID
      droidAccountId: keyData.droidAccountId,
-      permissions: keyData.permissions,
+      permissions: normalizePermissions(keyData.permissions),
      enableModelRestriction: keyData.enableModelRestriction === 'true',
      restrictedModels: JSON.parse(keyData.restrictedModels),
      enableClientRestriction: keyData.enableClientRestriction === 'true',
@@ -338,7 +383,7 @@ class ApiKeyService {
          azureOpenaiAccountId: keyData.azureOpenaiAccountId,
          bedrockAccountId: keyData.bedrockAccountId, // 添加 Bedrock 账号ID
          droidAccountId: keyData.droidAccountId,
-          permissions: keyData.permissions || 'all',
+          permissions: normalizePermissions(keyData.permissions),
          tokenLimit: parseInt(keyData.tokenLimit),
          concurrencyLimit: parseInt(keyData.concurrencyLimit || 0),
          rateLimitWindow: parseInt(keyData.rateLimitWindow || 0),
@@ -467,7 +512,7 @@ class ApiKeyService {
          azureOpenaiAccountId: keyData.azureOpenaiAccountId,
          bedrockAccountId: keyData.bedrockAccountId,
          droidAccountId: keyData.droidAccountId,
-          permissions: keyData.permissions || 'all',
+          permissions: normalizePermissions(keyData.permissions),
          tokenLimit: parseInt(keyData.tokenLimit),
          concurrencyLimit: parseInt(keyData.concurrencyLimit || 0),
          rateLimitWindow: parseInt(keyData.rateLimitWindow || 0),
@@ -525,7 +570,7 @@ class ApiKeyService {
        key.isActive = key.isActive === 'true'
        key.enableModelRestriction = key.enableModelRestriction === 'true'
        key.enableClientRestriction = key.enableClientRestriction === 'true'
-        key.permissions = key.permissions || 'all' // 兼容旧数据
+        key.permissions = normalizePermissions(key.permissions)
        key.dailyCostLimit = parseFloat(key.dailyCostLimit || 0)
        key.totalCostLimit = parseFloat(key.totalCostLimit || 0)
        key.weeklyOpusCostLimit = parseFloat(key.weeklyOpusCostLimit || 0)
@@ -1568,7 +1613,7 @@ class ApiKeyService {
        userId: keyData.userId,
        userUsername: keyData.userUsername,
        createdBy: keyData.createdBy,
-        permissions: keyData.permissions,
+        permissions: normalizePermissions(keyData.permissions),
        dailyCostLimit: parseFloat(keyData.dailyCostLimit || 0),
        totalCostLimit: parseFloat(keyData.totalCostLimit || 0),
        // 所有平台账户绑定字段
@@ -1820,4 +1865,8 @@ const apiKeyService = new ApiKeyService()
 // 为了方便其他服务调用，导出 recordUsage 方法
 apiKeyService.recordUsageMetrics = apiKeyService.recordUsage.bind(apiKeyService)

+// 导出权限辅助函数供路由使用
+apiKeyService.hasPermission = hasPermission
+apiKeyService.normalizePermissions = normalizePermissions
+
 module.exports = apiKeyService
--- a/src/services/balanceProviders/baseBalanceProvider.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceProviders/baseBalanceProvider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+const axios = require('axios')
+const logger = require('../../utils/logger')
+const ProxyHelper = require('../../utils/proxyHelper')
+
+/**
+ * Provider 抽象基类
+ * 各平台 Provider 需继承并实现 queryBalance(account)
+ */
+class BaseBalanceProvider {
+  constructor(platform) {
+    this.platform = platform
+    this.logger = logger
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 查询余额（抽象方法）
+   * @param {object} account - 账户对象
+   * @returns {Promise<object>}
+   * 形如：
+   * {
+   *   balance: number|null,
+   *   currency?: string,
+   *   quota?: { daily, used, remaining, resetAt, percentage, unlimited? },
+   *   queryMethod?: 'api'|'field'|'local',
+   *   rawData?: any
+   * }
+   */
+  async queryBalance(_account) {
+    throw new Error('queryBalance 方法必须由子类实现')
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 通用 HTTP 请求方法（支持代理）
+   * @param {string} url
+   * @param {object} options
+   * @param {object} account
+   */
+  async makeRequest(url, options = {}, account = {}) {
+    const config = {
+      url,
+      method: options.method || 'GET',
+      headers: options.headers || {},
+      timeout: options.timeout || 15000,
+      data: options.data,
+      params: options.params,
+      responseType: options.responseType
+    }
+
+    const proxyConfig = account.proxyConfig || account.proxy
+    if (proxyConfig) {
+      const agent = ProxyHelper.createProxyAgent(proxyConfig)
+      if (agent) {
+        config.httpAgent = agent
+        config.httpsAgent = agent
+        config.proxy = false
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const response = await axios(config)
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        data: response.data,
+        status: response.status,
+        headers: response.headers
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      const status = error.response?.status
+      const message = error.response?.data?.message || error.message || '请求失败'
+      this.logger.debug(`余额 Provider HTTP 请求失败: ${url} (${this.platform})`, {
+        status,
+        message
+      })
+      return { success: false, status, error: message }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 从账户字段读取 dailyQuota / dailyUsage（通用降级方案）
+   * 注意：部分平台 dailyUsage 字段可能不是实时值，最终以 AccountBalanceService 的本地统计为准
+   */
+  readQuotaFromFields(account) {
+    const dailyQuota = Number(account?.dailyQuota || 0)
+    const dailyUsage = Number(account?.dailyUsage || 0)
+
+    // 无限制
+    if (!Number.isFinite(dailyQuota) || dailyQuota <= 0) {
+      return {
+        balance: null,
+        currency: 'USD',
+        quota: {
+          daily: Infinity,
+          used: Number.isFinite(dailyUsage) ? dailyUsage : 0,
+          remaining: Infinity,
+          percentage: 0,
+          unlimited: true
+        },
+        queryMethod: 'field'
+      }
+    }
+
+    const used = Number.isFinite(dailyUsage) ? dailyUsage : 0
+    const remaining = Math.max(0, dailyQuota - used)
+    const percentage = dailyQuota > 0 ? (used / dailyQuota) * 100 : 0
+
+    return {
+      balance: remaining,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      quota: {
+        daily: dailyQuota,
+        used,
+        remaining,
+        percentage: Math.round(percentage * 100) / 100
+      },
+      queryMethod: 'field'
+    }
+  }
+
+  parseCurrency(data) {
+    return data?.currency || data?.Currency || 'USD'
+  }
+
+  async safeExecute(fn, fallbackValue = null) {
+    try {
+      return await fn()
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`余额 Provider 执行失败: ${this.platform}`, error)
+      return fallbackValue
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = BaseBalanceProvider
--- a/src/services/balanceProviders/claudeBalanceProvider.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceProviders/claudeBalanceProvider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+const BaseBalanceProvider = require('./baseBalanceProvider')
+const claudeAccountService = require('../claudeAccountService')
+
+class ClaudeBalanceProvider extends BaseBalanceProvider {
+  constructor() {
+    super('claude')
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Claude（OAuth）：优先尝试获取 OAuth usage（用于配额/使用信息），不强行提供余额金额
+   */
+  async queryBalance(account) {
+    this.logger.debug(`查询 Claude 余额（OAuth usage）: ${account?.id}`)
+
+    // 仅 OAuth 账户可用；失败时降级
+    const usageData = await claudeAccountService.fetchOAuthUsage(account.id).catch(() => null)
+    if (!usageData) {
+      return { balance: null, currency: 'USD', queryMethod: 'local' }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      balance: null,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      queryMethod: 'api',
+      rawData: usageData
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ClaudeBalanceProvider
--- a/src/services/balanceProviders/claudeConsoleBalanceProvider.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceProviders/claudeConsoleBalanceProvider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const BaseBalanceProvider = require('./baseBalanceProvider')
+
+class ClaudeConsoleBalanceProvider extends BaseBalanceProvider {
+  constructor() {
+    super('claude-console')
+  }
+
+  async queryBalance(account) {
+    this.logger.debug(`查询 Claude Console 余额（字段）: ${account?.id}`)
+    return this.readQuotaFromFields(account)
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ClaudeConsoleBalanceProvider
--- a/src/services/balanceProviders/geminiBalanceProvider.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceProviders/geminiBalanceProvider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+const BaseBalanceProvider = require('./baseBalanceProvider')
+const antigravityClient = require('../antigravityClient')
+const geminiAccountService = require('../geminiAccountService')
+
+const OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY = 'antigravity'
+
+function clamp01(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return null
+  }
+  if (value < 0) {
+    return 0
+  }
+  if (value > 1) {
+    return 1
+  }
+  return value
+}
+
+function round2(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return null
+  }
+  return Math.round(value * 100) / 100
+}
+
+function normalizeQuotaCategory(displayName, modelId) {
+  const name = String(displayName || '')
+  const id = String(modelId || '')
+
+  if (name.includes('Gemini') && name.includes('Pro')) {
+    return 'Gemini Pro'
+  }
+  if (name.includes('Gemini') && name.includes('Flash')) {
+    return 'Gemini Flash'
+  }
+  if (name.includes('Gemini') && name.toLowerCase().includes('image')) {
+    return 'Gemini Image'
+  }
+
+  if (name.includes('Claude') || name.includes('GPT-OSS')) {
+    return 'Claude'
+  }
+
+  if (id.startsWith('gemini-3-pro-') || id.startsWith('gemini-2.5-pro')) {
+    return 'Gemini Pro'
+  }
+  if (id.startsWith('gemini-3-flash') || id.startsWith('gemini-2.5-flash')) {
+    return 'Gemini Flash'
+  }
+  if (id.includes('image')) {
+    return 'Gemini Image'
+  }
+  if (id.includes('claude') || id.includes('gpt-oss')) {
+    return 'Claude'
+  }
+
+  return name || id || 'Unknown'
+}
+
+function buildAntigravityQuota(modelsResponse) {
+  const models = modelsResponse && typeof modelsResponse === 'object' ? modelsResponse.models : null
+
+  if (!models || typeof models !== 'object') {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const parseRemainingFraction = (quotaInfo) => {
+    if (!quotaInfo || typeof quotaInfo !== 'object') {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    const raw =
+      quotaInfo.remainingFraction ??
+      quotaInfo.remaining_fraction ??
+      quotaInfo.remaining ??
+      undefined
+
+    const num = typeof raw === 'number' ? raw : typeof raw === 'string' ? Number(raw) : NaN
+    if (!Number.isFinite(num)) {
+      return null
+    }
+
+    return clamp01(num)
+  }
+
+  const allowedCategories = new Set(['Gemini Pro', 'Claude', 'Gemini Flash', 'Gemini Image'])
+  const fixedOrder = ['Gemini Pro', 'Claude', 'Gemini Flash', 'Gemini Image']
+
+  const categoryMap = new Map()
+
+  for (const [modelId, modelDataRaw] of Object.entries(models)) {
+    if (!modelDataRaw || typeof modelDataRaw !== 'object') {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const displayName = modelDataRaw.displayName || modelDataRaw.display_name || modelId
+    const quotaInfo = modelDataRaw.quotaInfo || modelDataRaw.quota_info || null
+
+    const remainingFraction = parseRemainingFraction(quotaInfo)
+    if (remainingFraction === null) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const remainingPercent = round2(remainingFraction * 100)
+    const usedPercent = round2(100 - remainingPercent)
+    const resetAt = quotaInfo?.resetTime || quotaInfo?.reset_time || null
+
+    const category = normalizeQuotaCategory(displayName, modelId)
+    if (!allowedCategories.has(category)) {
+      continue
+    }
+    const entry = {
+      category,
+      modelId,
+      displayName: String(displayName || modelId || category),
+      remainingPercent,
+      usedPercent,
+      resetAt: typeof resetAt === 'string' && resetAt.trim() ? resetAt : null
+    }
+
+    const existing = categoryMap.get(category)
+    if (!existing || entry.remainingPercent < existing.remainingPercent) {
+      categoryMap.set(category, entry)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const buckets = fixedOrder.map((category) => {
+    const existing = categoryMap.get(category) || null
+    if (existing) {
+      return existing
+    }
+    return {
+      category,
+      modelId: '',
+      displayName: category,
+      remainingPercent: null,
+      usedPercent: null,
+      resetAt: null
+    }
+  })
+
+  if (buckets.length === 0) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const critical = buckets
+    .filter((item) => item.remainingPercent !== null)
+    .reduce((min, item) => {
+      if (!min) {
+        return item
+      }
+      return (item.remainingPercent ?? 0) < (min.remainingPercent ?? 0) ? item : min
+    }, null)
+
+  if (!critical) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return {
+    balance: null,
+    currency: 'USD',
+    quota: {
+      type: 'antigravity',
+      total: 100,
+      used: critical.usedPercent,
+      remaining: critical.remainingPercent,
+      percentage: critical.usedPercent,
+      resetAt: critical.resetAt,
+      buckets: buckets.map((item) => ({
+        category: item.category,
+        remaining: item.remainingPercent,
+        used: item.usedPercent,
+        percentage: item.usedPercent,
+        resetAt: item.resetAt
+      }))
+    },
+    queryMethod: 'api',
+    rawData: {
+      modelsCount: Object.keys(models).length,
+      bucketCount: buckets.length
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+class GeminiBalanceProvider extends BaseBalanceProvider {
+  constructor() {
+    super('gemini')
+  }
+
+  async queryBalance(account) {
+    const oauthProvider = account?.oauthProvider
+    if (oauthProvider !== OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY) {
+      if (account && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(account, 'dailyQuota')) {
+        return this.readQuotaFromFields(account)
+      }
+      return { balance: null, currency: 'USD', queryMethod: 'local' }
+    }
+
+    const accessToken = String(account?.accessToken || '').trim()
+    const refreshToken = String(account?.refreshToken || '').trim()
+    const proxyConfig = account?.proxyConfig || account?.proxy || null
+
+    if (!accessToken) {
+      throw new Error('Antigravity 账户缺少 accessToken')
+    }
+
+    const fetch = async (token) =>
+      await antigravityClient.fetchAvailableModels({
+        accessToken: token,
+        proxyConfig
+      })
+
+    let data
+    try {
+      data = await fetch(accessToken)
+    } catch (error) {
+      const status = error?.response?.status
+      if ((status === 401 || status === 403) && refreshToken) {
+        const refreshed = await geminiAccountService.refreshAccessToken(
+          refreshToken,
+          proxyConfig,
+          OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY
+        )
+        const nextToken = String(refreshed?.access_token || '').trim()
+        if (!nextToken) {
+          throw error
+        }
+        data = await fetch(nextToken)
+      } else {
+        throw error
+      }
+    }
+
+    const mapped = buildAntigravityQuota(data)
+    if (!mapped) {
+      return {
+        balance: null,
+        currency: 'USD',
+        quota: null,
+        queryMethod: 'api',
+        rawData: data || null
+      }
+    }
+
+    return mapped
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = GeminiBalanceProvider
--- a/src/services/balanceProviders/genericBalanceProvider.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceProviders/genericBalanceProvider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const BaseBalanceProvider = require('./baseBalanceProvider')
+
+class GenericBalanceProvider extends BaseBalanceProvider {
+  constructor(platform) {
+    super(platform)
+  }
+
+  async queryBalance(account) {
+    this.logger.debug(`${this.platform} 暂无专用余额 API，实现降级策略`)
+
+    if (account && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(account, 'dailyQuota')) {
+      return this.readQuotaFromFields(account)
+    }
+
+    return {
+      balance: null,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      queryMethod: 'local'
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = GenericBalanceProvider
--- a/src/services/balanceProviders/index.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceProviders/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const ClaudeBalanceProvider = require('./claudeBalanceProvider')
+const ClaudeConsoleBalanceProvider = require('./claudeConsoleBalanceProvider')
+const OpenAIResponsesBalanceProvider = require('./openaiResponsesBalanceProvider')
+const GenericBalanceProvider = require('./genericBalanceProvider')
+const GeminiBalanceProvider = require('./geminiBalanceProvider')
+
+function registerAllProviders(balanceService) {
+  // Claude
+  balanceService.registerProvider('claude', new ClaudeBalanceProvider())
+  balanceService.registerProvider('claude-console', new ClaudeConsoleBalanceProvider())
+
+  // OpenAI / Codex
+  balanceService.registerProvider('openai-responses', new OpenAIResponsesBalanceProvider())
+  balanceService.registerProvider('openai', new GenericBalanceProvider('openai'))
+  balanceService.registerProvider('azure_openai', new GenericBalanceProvider('azure_openai'))
+
+  // 其他平台（降级）
+  balanceService.registerProvider('gemini', new GeminiBalanceProvider())
+  balanceService.registerProvider('gemini-api', new GenericBalanceProvider('gemini-api'))
+  balanceService.registerProvider('bedrock', new GenericBalanceProvider('bedrock'))
+  balanceService.registerProvider('droid', new GenericBalanceProvider('droid'))
+  balanceService.registerProvider('ccr', new GenericBalanceProvider('ccr'))
+}
+
+module.exports = { registerAllProviders }
--- a/src/services/balanceProviders/openaiResponsesBalanceProvider.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceProviders/openaiResponsesBalanceProvider.js
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+const BaseBalanceProvider = require('./baseBalanceProvider')
+
+class OpenAIResponsesBalanceProvider extends BaseBalanceProvider {
+  constructor() {
+    super('openai-responses')
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-Responses：
+   * - 优先使用 dailyQuota 字段（如果配置了额度）
+   * - 可选：尝试调用兼容 API（不同服务商实现不一，失败自动降级）
+   */
+  async queryBalance(account) {
+    this.logger.debug(`查询 OpenAI Responses 余额: ${account?.id}`)
+
+    // 配置了额度时直接返回（字段法）
+    if (account?.dailyQuota && Number(account.dailyQuota) > 0) {
+      return this.readQuotaFromFields(account)
+    }
+
+    // 尝试调用 usage 接口（兼容性不保证）
+    if (account?.apiKey && account?.baseApi) {
+      const baseApi = String(account.baseApi).replace(/\/$/, '')
+      const response = await this.makeRequest(
+        `${baseApi}/v1/usage`,
+        {
+          method: 'GET',
+          headers: {
+            Authorization: `Bearer ${account.apiKey}`,
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json'
+          }
+        },
+        account
+      )
+
+      if (response.success) {
+        return {
+          balance: null,
+          currency: this.parseCurrency(response.data),
+          queryMethod: 'api',
+          rawData: response.data
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      balance: null,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      queryMethod: 'local'
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = OpenAIResponsesBalanceProvider
--- a/src/services/balanceScriptService.js
+++ b/src/services/balanceScriptService.js
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+const vm = require('vm')
+const axios = require('axios')
+const { isBalanceScriptEnabled } = require('../utils/featureFlags')
+
+/**
+ * SSRF防护：检查URL是否访问内网或敏感地址
+ * @param {string} url - 要检查的URL
+ * @returns {boolean} - true表示URL安全
+ */
+function isUrlSafe(url) {
+  try {
+    const parsed = new URL(url)
+    const hostname = parsed.hostname.toLowerCase()
+
+    // 禁止的协议
+    if (!['http:', 'https:'].includes(parsed.protocol)) {
+      return false
+    }
+
+    // 禁止访问localhost和私有IP
+    const privatePatterns = [
+      /^localhost$/i,
+      /^127\./,
+      /^10\./,
+      /^172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|3[0-1])\./,
+      /^192\.168\./,
+      /^169\.254\./, // AWS metadata
+      /^0\./, // 0.0.0.0
+      /^::1$/,
+      /^fc00:/i,
+      /^fe80:/i,
+      /\.local$/i,
+      /\.internal$/i,
+      /\.localhost$/i
+    ]
+
+    for (const pattern of privatePatterns) {
+      if (pattern.test(hostname)) {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true
+  } catch {
+    return false
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 可配置脚本余额查询执行器
+ * - 脚本格式：({ request: {...}, extractor: function(response){...} })
+ * - 模板变量：{{baseUrl}}, {{apiKey}}, {{token}}, {{accountId}}, {{platform}}, {{extra}}
+ */
+class BalanceScriptService {
+  /**
+   * 执行脚本：返回标准余额结构 + 原始响应
+   * @param {object} options
+   *  - scriptBody: string
+   *  - variables: Record<string,string>
+   *  - timeoutSeconds: number
+   */
+  async execute(options = {}) {
+    if (!isBalanceScriptEnabled()) {
+      const error = new Error('余额脚本功能已禁用（可通过 BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED=true 启用）')
+      error.code = 'BALANCE_SCRIPT_DISABLED'
+      throw error
+    }
+
+    const scriptBody = options.scriptBody?.trim()
+    if (!scriptBody) {
+      throw new Error('脚本内容为空')
+    }
+
+    const timeoutMs = Math.max(1, (options.timeoutSeconds || 10) * 1000)
+    const sandbox = {
+      console,
+      Math,
+      Date
+    }
+
+    let scriptResult
+    try {
+      const wrapped = scriptBody.startsWith('(') ? scriptBody : `(${scriptBody})`
+      const script = new vm.Script(wrapped)
+      scriptResult = script.runInNewContext(sandbox, { timeout: timeoutMs })
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error(`脚本解析失败: ${error.message}`)
+    }
+
+    if (!scriptResult || typeof scriptResult !== 'object') {
+      throw new Error('脚本返回格式无效（需返回 { request, extractor }）')
+    }
+
+    const variables = options.variables || {}
+    const request = this.applyTemplates(scriptResult.request || {}, variables)
+    const { extractor } = scriptResult
+
+    if (!request?.url || typeof request.url !== 'string') {
+      throw new Error('脚本 request.url 不能为空')
+    }
+
+    // SSRF防护：验证URL安全性
+    if (!isUrlSafe(request.url)) {
+      throw new Error('脚本 request.url 不安全：禁止访问内网地址、localhost或使用非HTTP(S)协议')
+    }
+
+    if (typeof extractor !== 'function') {
+      throw new Error('脚本 extractor 必须是函数')
+    }
+
+    const axiosConfig = {
+      url: request.url,
+      method: (request.method || 'GET').toUpperCase(),
+      headers: request.headers || {},
+      timeout: timeoutMs
+    }
+
+    if (request.params) {
+      axiosConfig.params = request.params
+    }
+    if (request.body || request.data) {
+      axiosConfig.data = request.body || request.data
+    }
+
+    let httpResponse
+    try {
+      httpResponse = await axios(axiosConfig)
+    } catch (error) {
+      const { response } = error || {}
+      const { status, data } = response || {}
+      throw new Error(
+        `请求失败: ${status || ''} ${error.message}${data ? ` | ${JSON.stringify(data)}` : ''}`
+      )
+    }
+
+    const responseData = httpResponse?.data
+
+    let extracted = {}
+    try {
+      extracted = extractor(responseData) || {}
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error(`extractor 执行失败: ${error.message}`)
+    }
+
+    const mapped = this.mapExtractorResult(extracted, responseData)
+    return {
+      mapped,
+      extracted,
+      response: {
+        status: httpResponse?.status,
+        headers: httpResponse?.headers,
+        data: responseData
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  applyTemplates(value, variables) {
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+      return value.replace(/{{(\w+)}}/g, (_, key) => {
+        const trimmed = key.trim()
+        return variables[trimmed] !== undefined ? String(variables[trimmed]) : ''
+      })
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      return value.map((item) => this.applyTemplates(item, variables))
+    }
+    if (value && typeof value === 'object') {
+      const result = {}
+      Object.keys(value).forEach((k) => {
+        result[k] = this.applyTemplates(value[k], variables)
+      })
+      return result
+    }
+    return value
+  }
+
+  mapExtractorResult(result = {}, responseData) {
+    const isValid = result.isValid !== false
+    const remaining = Number(result.remaining)
+    const total = Number(result.total)
+    const used = Number(result.used)
+    const currency = result.unit || 'USD'
+
+    const quota =
+      Number.isFinite(total) || Number.isFinite(used)
+        ? {
+            total: Number.isFinite(total) ? total : null,
+            used: Number.isFinite(used) ? used : null,
+            remaining: Number.isFinite(remaining) ? remaining : null,
+            percentage:
+              Number.isFinite(total) && total > 0 && Number.isFinite(used)
+                ? (used / total) * 100
+                : null
+          }
+        : null
+
+    return {
+      status: isValid ? 'success' : 'error',
+      errorMessage: isValid ? '' : result.invalidMessage || '套餐无效',
+      balance: Number.isFinite(remaining) ? remaining : null,
+      currency,
+      quota,
+      planName: result.planName || null,
+      extra: result.extra || null,
+      rawData: responseData || result.raw
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = new BalanceScriptService()
--- a/src/services/bedrockRelayService.js
+++ b/src/services/bedrockRelayService.js
@@ -243,10 +243,11 @@ class BedrockRelayService {
            isBackendError ? { backendError: queueResult.errorMessage } : {}
          )
          if (!res.headersSent) {
+            const existingConnection = res.getHeader ? res.getHeader('Connection') : null
            res.writeHead(statusCode, {
              'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
              'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-              Connection: 'keep-alive',
+              Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive',
              'x-user-message-queue-error': errorType
            })
          }
@@ -309,10 +310,17 @@ class BedrockRelayService {
      }

      // 设置SSE响应头
+      // ⚠️ 关键修复：尊重 auth.js 提前设置的 Connection: close
+      const existingConnection = res.getHeader ? res.getHeader('Connection') : null
+      if (existingConnection) {
+        logger.debug(
+          `🔌 [Bedrock Stream] Preserving existing Connection header: ${existingConnection}`
+        )
+      }
      res.writeHead(200, {
        'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
        'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-        Connection: 'keep-alive',
+        Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive',
        'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
        'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'Content-Type, Authorization'
      })
--- a/src/services/ccrRelayService.js
+++ b/src/services/ccrRelayService.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const logger = require('../utils/logger')
 const config = require('../../config/config')
 const { parseVendorPrefixedModel } = require('../utils/modelHelper')
 const userMessageQueueService = require('./userMessageQueueService')
+const { isStreamWritable } = require('../utils/streamHelper')

 class CcrRelayService {
  constructor() {
@@ -379,10 +380,13 @@ class CcrRelayService {
            isBackendError ? { backendError: queueResult.errorMessage } : {}
          )
          if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+            const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+              ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+              : null
            responseStream.writeHead(statusCode, {
              'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
              'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-              Connection: 'keep-alive',
+              Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive',
              'x-user-message-queue-error': errorType
            })
          }
@@ -606,10 +610,13 @@ class CcrRelayService {

            // 设置错误响应的状态码和响应头
            if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+              const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+                ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+                : null
              const errorHeaders = {
                'Content-Type': response.headers['content-type'] || 'application/json',
                'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-                Connection: 'keep-alive'
+                Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive'
              }
              // 避免 Transfer-Encoding 冲突，让 Express 自动处理
              delete errorHeaders['Transfer-Encoding']
@@ -619,13 +626,13 @@ class CcrRelayService {

            // 直接透传错误数据，不进行包装
            response.data.on('data', (chunk) => {
-              if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+              if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                responseStream.write(chunk)
              }
            })

            response.data.on('end', () => {
-              if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+              if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                responseStream.end()
              }
              resolve() // 不抛出异常，正常完成流处理
@@ -659,11 +666,20 @@ class CcrRelayService {
          })

          // 设置响应头
+          // ⚠️ 关键修复：尊重 auth.js 提前设置的 Connection: close
          if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+            const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+              ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+              : null
+            if (existingConnection) {
+              logger.debug(
+                `🔌 [CCR Stream] Preserving existing Connection header: ${existingConnection}`
+              )
+            }
            const headers = {
              'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
              'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-              Connection: 'keep-alive',
+              Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive',
              'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
              'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'Cache-Control'
            }
@@ -702,12 +718,17 @@ class CcrRelayService {
                  }

                  // 写入到响应流
-                  if (outputLine && !responseStream.destroyed) {
+                  if (outputLine && isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                    responseStream.write(`${outputLine}\n`)
+                  } else if (outputLine) {
+                    // 客户端连接已断开，记录警告
+                    logger.warn(
+                      `⚠️ [CCR] Client disconnected during stream, skipping data for account: ${accountId}`
+                    )
                  }
                } else {
                  // 空行也需要传递
-                  if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+                  if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                    responseStream.write('\n')
                  }
                }
@@ -718,10 +739,6 @@ class CcrRelayService {
          })

          response.data.on('end', () => {
-            if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
-              responseStream.end()
-            }
-
            // 如果收集到使用统计数据，调用回调
            if (usageCallback && Object.keys(collectedUsage).length > 0) {
              try {
@@ -733,12 +750,26 @@ class CcrRelayService {
              }
            }

-            resolve()
+            if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
+              // 等待数据完全 flush 到客户端后再 resolve
+              responseStream.end(() => {
+                logger.debug(
+                  `🌊 CCR stream response completed and flushed | bytesWritten: ${responseStream.bytesWritten || 'unknown'}`
+                )
+                resolve()
+              })
+            } else {
+              // 连接已断开，记录警告
+              logger.warn(
+                `⚠️ [CCR] Client disconnected before stream end, data may not have been received | account: ${accountId}`
+              )
+              resolve()
+            }
          })

          response.data.on('error', (err) => {
            logger.error('❌ Stream data error:', err)
-            if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+            if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
              responseStream.end()
            }
            reject(err)
@@ -770,7 +801,7 @@ class CcrRelayService {
            }
          }

-          if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+          if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
            responseStream.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify(errorResponse)}\n\n`)
            responseStream.end()
          }
--- a/src/services/claudeAccountService.js
+++ b/src/services/claudeAccountService.js
@@ -91,7 +91,9 @@ class ClaudeAccountService {
      useUnifiedClientId = false, // 是否使用统一的客户端标识
      unifiedClientId = '', // 统一的客户端标识
      expiresAt = null, // 账户订阅到期时间
-      extInfo = null // 额外扩展信息
+      extInfo = null, // 额外扩展信息
+      maxConcurrency = 0, // 账户级用户消息串行队列：0=使用全局配置，>0=强制启用串行
+      interceptWarmup = false // 拦截预热请求（标题生成、Warmup等）
    } = options

    const accountId = uuidv4()
@@ -136,7 +138,11 @@ class ClaudeAccountService {
        // 账户订阅到期时间
        subscriptionExpiresAt: expiresAt || '',
        // 扩展信息
-        extInfo: normalizedExtInfo ? JSON.stringify(normalizedExtInfo) : ''
+        extInfo: normalizedExtInfo ? JSON.stringify(normalizedExtInfo) : '',
+        // 账户级用户消息串行队列限制
+        maxConcurrency: maxConcurrency.toString(),
+        // 拦截预热请求
+        interceptWarmup: interceptWarmup.toString()
      }
    } else {
      // 兼容旧格式
@@ -168,7 +174,11 @@ class ClaudeAccountService {
        // 账户订阅到期时间
        subscriptionExpiresAt: expiresAt || '',
        // 扩展信息
-        extInfo: normalizedExtInfo ? JSON.stringify(normalizedExtInfo) : ''
+        extInfo: normalizedExtInfo ? JSON.stringify(normalizedExtInfo) : '',
+        // 账户级用户消息串行队列限制
+        maxConcurrency: maxConcurrency.toString(),
+        // 拦截预热请求
+        interceptWarmup: interceptWarmup.toString()
      }
    }

@@ -216,7 +226,8 @@ class ClaudeAccountService {
      useUnifiedUserAgent,
      useUnifiedClientId,
      unifiedClientId,
-      extInfo: normalizedExtInfo
+      extInfo: normalizedExtInfo,
+      interceptWarmup
    }
  }

@@ -574,7 +585,11 @@ class ClaudeAccountService {
            // 添加停止原因
            stoppedReason: account.stoppedReason || null,
            // 扩展信息
-            extInfo: parsedExtInfo
+            extInfo: parsedExtInfo,
+            // 账户级用户消息串行队列限制
+            maxConcurrency: parseInt(account.maxConcurrency || '0', 10),
+            // 拦截预热请求
+            interceptWarmup: account.interceptWarmup === 'true'
          }
        })
      )
@@ -666,7 +681,9 @@ class ClaudeAccountService {
        'useUnifiedClientId',
        'unifiedClientId',
        'subscriptionExpiresAt',
-        'extInfo'
+        'extInfo',
+        'maxConcurrency',
+        'interceptWarmup'
      ]
      const updatedData = { ...accountData }
      let shouldClearAutoStopFields = false
@@ -681,7 +698,7 @@ class ClaudeAccountService {
            updatedData[field] = this._encryptSensitiveData(value)
          } else if (field === 'proxy') {
            updatedData[field] = value ? JSON.stringify(value) : ''
-          } else if (field === 'priority') {
+          } else if (field === 'priority' || field === 'maxConcurrency') {
            updatedData[field] = value.toString()
          } else if (field === 'subscriptionInfo') {
            // 处理订阅信息更新
--- a/src/services/claudeConsoleAccountService.js
+++ b/src/services/claudeConsoleAccountService.js
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ class ClaudeConsoleAccountService {
      dailyQuota = 0, // 每日额度限制（美元），0表示不限制
      quotaResetTime = '00:00', // 额度重置时间（HH:mm格式）
      maxConcurrentTasks = 0, // 最大并发任务数，0表示无限制
-      disableAutoProtection = false // 是否关闭自动防护（429/401/400/529 不自动禁用）
+      disableAutoProtection = false, // 是否关闭自动防护（429/401/400/529 不自动禁用）
+      interceptWarmup = false // 拦截预热请求（标题生成、Warmup等）
    } = options

    // 验证必填字段
@@ -117,7 +118,8 @@ class ClaudeConsoleAccountService {
      quotaResetTime, // 额度重置时间
      quotaStoppedAt: '', // 因额度停用的时间
      maxConcurrentTasks: maxConcurrentTasks.toString(), // 最大并发任务数，0表示无限制
-      disableAutoProtection: disableAutoProtection.toString() // 关闭自动防护
+      disableAutoProtection: disableAutoProtection.toString(), // 关闭自动防护
+      interceptWarmup: interceptWarmup.toString() // 拦截预热请求
    }

    const client = redis.getClientSafe()
@@ -156,6 +158,7 @@ class ClaudeConsoleAccountService {
      quotaStoppedAt: null,
      maxConcurrentTasks, // 新增：返回并发限制配置
      disableAutoProtection, // 新增：返回自动防护开关
+      interceptWarmup, // 新增：返回预热请求拦截开关
      activeTaskCount: 0 // 新增：新建账户当前并发数为0
    }
  }
@@ -217,7 +220,9 @@ class ClaudeConsoleAccountService {
            // 并发控制相关
            maxConcurrentTasks: parseInt(accountData.maxConcurrentTasks) || 0,
            activeTaskCount,
-            disableAutoProtection: accountData.disableAutoProtection === 'true'
+            disableAutoProtection: accountData.disableAutoProtection === 'true',
+            // 拦截预热请求
+            interceptWarmup: accountData.interceptWarmup === 'true'
          })
        }
      }
@@ -375,6 +380,9 @@ class ClaudeConsoleAccountService {
      if (updates.disableAutoProtection !== undefined) {
        updatedData.disableAutoProtection = updates.disableAutoProtection.toString()
      }
+      if (updates.interceptWarmup !== undefined) {
+        updatedData.interceptWarmup = updates.interceptWarmup.toString()
+      }

      // ✅ 直接保存 subscriptionExpiresAt（如果提供）
      // Claude Console 没有 token 刷新逻辑，不会覆盖此字段
--- a/src/services/claudeConsoleRelayService.js
+++ b/src/services/claudeConsoleRelayService.js
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ const {
  isAccountDisabledError
 } = require('../utils/errorSanitizer')
 const userMessageQueueService = require('./userMessageQueueService')
+const { isStreamWritable } = require('../utils/streamHelper')
+const { filterForClaude } = require('../utils/headerFilter')

 class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
  constructor() {
@@ -517,10 +519,13 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
            isBackendError ? { backendError: queueResult.errorMessage } : {}
          )
          if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+            const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+              ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+              : null
            responseStream.writeHead(statusCode, {
              'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
              'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-              Connection: 'keep-alive',
+              Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive',
              'x-user-message-queue-error': errorType
            })
          }
@@ -878,7 +883,7 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
                  `🧹 [Stream] [SANITIZED] Error response to client: ${JSON.stringify(sanitizedError)}`
                )

-                if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+                if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                  responseStream.write(JSON.stringify(sanitizedError))
                  responseStream.end()
                }
@@ -886,7 +891,7 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
                const sanitizedText = sanitizeErrorMessage(errorDataForCheck)
                logger.error(`🧹 [Stream] [SANITIZED] Error response to client: ${sanitizedText}`)

-                if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+                if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                  responseStream.write(sanitizedText)
                  responseStream.end()
                }
@@ -923,11 +928,22 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
          })

          // 设置响应头
+          // ⚠️ 关键修复：尊重 auth.js 提前设置的 Connection: close
+          // 当并发队列功能启用时，auth.js 会设置 Connection: close 来禁用 Keep-Alive
          if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+            const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+              ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+              : null
+            const connectionHeader = existingConnection || 'keep-alive'
+            if (existingConnection) {
+              logger.debug(
+                `🔌 [Console Stream] Preserving existing Connection header: ${existingConnection}`
+              )
+            }
            responseStream.writeHead(200, {
              'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
              'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-              Connection: 'keep-alive',
+              Connection: connectionHeader,
              'X-Accel-Buffering': 'no'
            })
          }
@@ -953,20 +969,33 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
              buffer = lines.pop() || ''

              // 转发数据并解析usage
-              if (lines.length > 0 && !responseStream.destroyed) {
-                const linesToForward = lines.join('\n') + (lines.length > 0 ? '\n' : '')
+              if (lines.length > 0) {
+                // 检查流是否可写（客户端连接是否有效）
+                if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
+                  const linesToForward = lines.join('\n') + (lines.length > 0 ? '\n' : '')

-                // 应用流转换器如果有
-                if (streamTransformer) {
-                  const transformed = streamTransformer(linesToForward)
-                  if (transformed) {
-                    responseStream.write(transformed)
+                  // 应用流转换器如果有
+                  let dataToWrite = linesToForward
+                  if (streamTransformer) {
+                    const transformed = streamTransformer(linesToForward)
+                    if (transformed) {
+                      dataToWrite = transformed
+                    } else {
+                      dataToWrite = null
+                    }
+                  }
+
+                  if (dataToWrite) {
+                    responseStream.write(dataToWrite)
                  }
                } else {
-                  responseStream.write(linesToForward)
+                  // 客户端连接已断开，记录警告（但仍继续解析usage）
+                  logger.warn(
+                    `⚠️ [Console] Client disconnected during stream, skipping ${lines.length} lines for account: ${account?.name || accountId}`
+                  )
                }

-                // 解析SSE数据寻找usage信息
+                // 解析SSE数据寻找usage信息（无论连接状态如何）
                for (const line of lines) {
                  if (line.startsWith('data:')) {
                    const jsonStr = line.slice(5).trimStart()
@@ -1074,7 +1103,7 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
                `❌ Error processing Claude Console stream data (Account: ${account?.name || accountId}):`,
                error
              )
-              if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+              if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                // 如果有 streamTransformer（如测试请求），使用前端期望的格式
                if (streamTransformer) {
                  responseStream.write(
@@ -1097,7 +1126,7 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
          response.data.on('end', () => {
            try {
              // 处理缓冲区中剩余的数据
-              if (buffer.trim() && !responseStream.destroyed) {
+              if (buffer.trim() && isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
                if (streamTransformer) {
                  const transformed = streamTransformer(buffer)
                  if (transformed) {
@@ -1146,12 +1175,33 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
              }

              // 确保流正确结束
-              if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
-                responseStream.end()
-              }
+              if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
+                // 📊 诊断日志：流结束前状态
+                logger.info(
+                  `📤 [STREAM] Ending response | destroyed: ${responseStream.destroyed}, ` +
+                    `socketDestroyed: ${responseStream.socket?.destroyed}, ` +
+                    `socketBytesWritten: ${responseStream.socket?.bytesWritten || 0}`
+                )

-              logger.debug('🌊 Claude Console Claude stream response completed')
-              resolve()
+                // 禁用 Nagle 算法确保数据立即发送
+                if (responseStream.socket && !responseStream.socket.destroyed) {
+                  responseStream.socket.setNoDelay(true)
+                }
+
+                // 等待数据完全 flush 到客户端后再 resolve
+                responseStream.end(() => {
+                  logger.info(
+                    `✅ [STREAM] Response ended and flushed | socketBytesWritten: ${responseStream.socket?.bytesWritten || 'unknown'}`
+                  )
+                  resolve()
+                })
+              } else {
+                // 连接已断开，记录警告
+                logger.warn(
+                  `⚠️ [Console] Client disconnected before stream end, data may not have been received | account: ${account?.name || accountId}`
+                )
+                resolve()
+              }
            } catch (error) {
              logger.error('❌ Error processing stream end:', error)
              reject(error)
@@ -1163,7 +1213,7 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
              `❌ Claude Console stream error (Account: ${account?.name || accountId}):`,
              error
            )
-            if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+            if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
              // 如果有 streamTransformer（如测试请求），使用前端期望的格式
              if (streamTransformer) {
                responseStream.write(
@@ -1211,14 +1261,17 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {

          // 发送错误响应
          if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+            const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+              ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+              : null
            responseStream.writeHead(error.response?.status || 500, {
              'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
              'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-              Connection: 'keep-alive'
+              Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive'
            })
          }

-          if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+          if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
            // 如果有 streamTransformer（如测试请求），使用前端期望的格式
            if (streamTransformer) {
              responseStream.write(
@@ -1250,30 +1303,9 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {

  // 🔧 过滤客户端请求头
  _filterClientHeaders(clientHeaders) {
-    const sensitiveHeaders = [
-      'content-type',
-      'user-agent',
-      'authorization',
-      'x-api-key',
-      'host',
-      'content-length',
-      'connection',
-      'proxy-authorization',
-      'content-encoding',
-      'transfer-encoding',
-      'anthropic-version'
-    ]
-
-    const filteredHeaders = {}
-
-    Object.keys(clientHeaders || {}).forEach((key) => {
-      const lowerKey = key.toLowerCase()
-      if (!sensitiveHeaders.includes(lowerKey)) {
-        filteredHeaders[key] = clientHeaders[key]
-      }
-    })
-
-    return filteredHeaders
+    // 使用统一的 headerFilter 工具类（白名单模式）
+    // 与 claudeRelayService 保持一致，避免透传 CDN headers 触发上游 API 安全检查
+    return filterForClaude(clientHeaders)
  }

  // 🕐 更新最后使用时间
@@ -1388,7 +1420,7 @@ class ClaudeConsoleRelayService {
          'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
        })
      }
-      if (!responseStream.destroyed && !responseStream.writableEnded) {
+      if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
        responseStream.write(
          `data: ${JSON.stringify({ type: 'test_complete', success: false, error: error.message })}\n\n`
        )
--- a/src/services/claudeRelayConfigService.js
+++ b/src/services/claudeRelayConfigService.js
@@ -20,6 +20,15 @@ const DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
  userMessageQueueDelayMs: 200, // 请求间隔（毫秒）
  userMessageQueueTimeoutMs: 5000, // 队列等待超时（毫秒），优化后锁持有时间短无需长等待
  userMessageQueueLockTtlMs: 5000, // 锁TTL（毫秒），请求发送后立即释放无需长TTL
+  // 并发请求排队配置
+  concurrentRequestQueueEnabled: false, // 是否启用并发请求排队（默认关闭）
+  concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize: 3, // 固定最小排队数（默认3）
+  concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier: 0, // 并发数的倍数（默认0，仅使用固定值）
+  concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs: 10000, // 排队超时（毫秒，默认10秒）
+  concurrentRequestQueueMaxRedisFailCount: 5, // 连续 Redis 失败阈值（默认5次）
+  // 排队健康检查配置
+  concurrentRequestQueueHealthCheckEnabled: true, // 是否启用排队健康检查（默认开启）
+  concurrentRequestQueueHealthThreshold: 0.8, // 健康检查阈值（P90 >= 超时 × 阈值时拒绝新请求）
  updatedAt: null,
  updatedBy: null
 }
@@ -105,7 +114,8 @@ class ClaudeRelayConfigService {

      logger.info(`✅ Claude relay config updated by ${updatedBy}:`, {
        claudeCodeOnlyEnabled: updatedConfig.claudeCodeOnlyEnabled,
-        globalSessionBindingEnabled: updatedConfig.globalSessionBindingEnabled
+        globalSessionBindingEnabled: updatedConfig.globalSessionBindingEnabled,
+        concurrentRequestQueueEnabled: updatedConfig.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled
      })

      return updatedConfig
--- a/src/services/claudeRelayService.js
+++ b/src/services/claudeRelayService.js
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ const { formatDateWithTimezone } = require('../utils/dateHelper')
 const requestIdentityService = require('./requestIdentityService')
 const { createClaudeTestPayload } = require('../utils/testPayloadHelper')
 const userMessageQueueService = require('./userMessageQueueService')
+const { isStreamWritable } = require('../utils/streamHelper')

 class ClaudeRelayService {
  constructor() {
@@ -209,7 +210,17 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
          logger.error('❌ accountId missing for queue lock in relayRequest')
          throw new Error('accountId missing for queue lock')
        }
-        const queueResult = await userMessageQueueService.acquireQueueLock(accountId)
+        // 获取账户信息以检查账户级串行队列配置
+        const accountForQueue = await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+        const accountConfig = accountForQueue
+          ? { maxConcurrency: parseInt(accountForQueue.maxConcurrency || '0', 10) }
+          : null
+        const queueResult = await userMessageQueueService.acquireQueueLock(
+          accountId,
+          null,
+          null,
+          accountConfig
+        )
        if (!queueResult.acquired && !queueResult.skipped) {
          // 区分 Redis 后端错误和队列超时
          const isBackendError = queueResult.error === 'queue_backend_error'
@@ -322,17 +333,46 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
      }

      // 发送请求到Claude API（传入回调以获取请求对象）
-      const response = await this._makeClaudeRequest(
-        processedBody,
-        accessToken,
-        proxyAgent,
-        clientHeaders,
-        accountId,
-        (req) => {
-          upstreamRequest = req
-        },
-        options
-      )
+      // 🔄 403 重试机制：仅对 claude-official 类型账户（OAuth 或 Setup Token）
+      const maxRetries = this._shouldRetryOn403(accountType) ? 2 : 0
+      let retryCount = 0
+      let response
+      let shouldRetry = false
+
+      do {
+        response = await this._makeClaudeRequest(
+          processedBody,
+          accessToken,
+          proxyAgent,
+          clientHeaders,
+          accountId,
+          (req) => {
+            upstreamRequest = req
+          },
+          options
+        )
+
+        // 检查是否需要重试 403
+        shouldRetry = response.statusCode === 403 && retryCount < maxRetries
+        if (shouldRetry) {
+          retryCount++
+          logger.warn(
+            `🔄 403 error for account ${accountId}, retry ${retryCount}/${maxRetries} after 2s`
+          )
+          await this._sleep(2000)
+        }
+      } while (shouldRetry)
+
+      // 如果进行了重试，记录最终结果
+      if (retryCount > 0) {
+        if (response.statusCode === 403) {
+          logger.error(`🚫 403 error persists for account ${accountId} after ${retryCount} retries`)
+        } else {
+          logger.info(
+            `✅ 403 retry successful for account ${accountId} on attempt ${retryCount}, got status ${response.statusCode}`
+          )
+        }
+      }

      // 📬 请求已发送成功，立即释放队列锁（无需等待响应处理完成）
      // 因为 Claude API 限流基于请求发送时刻计算（RPM），不是请求完成时刻
@@ -397,9 +437,10 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
          }
        }
        // 检查是否为403状态码（禁止访问）
+        // 注意：如果进行了重试，retryCount > 0；这里的 403 是重试后最终的结果
        else if (response.statusCode === 403) {
          logger.error(
-            `🚫 Forbidden error (403) detected for account ${accountId}, marking as blocked`
+            `🚫 Forbidden error (403) detected for account ${accountId}${retryCount > 0 ? ` after ${retryCount} retries` : ''}, marking as blocked`
          )
          await unifiedClaudeScheduler.markAccountBlocked(accountId, accountType, sessionHash)
        }
@@ -1057,6 +1098,8 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {

    logger.info(`🔗 指纹是这个: ${headers['User-Agent']}`)

+    logger.info(`🔗 指纹是这个: ${headers['User-Agent']}`)
+
    // 根据模型和客户端传递的 anthropic-beta 动态设置 header
    const modelId = requestPayload?.model || body?.model
    const clientBetaHeader = clientHeaders?.['anthropic-beta']
@@ -1311,7 +1354,17 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
          logger.error('❌ accountId missing for queue lock in relayStreamRequestWithUsageCapture')
          throw new Error('accountId missing for queue lock')
        }
-        const queueResult = await userMessageQueueService.acquireQueueLock(accountId)
+        // 获取账户信息以检查账户级串行队列配置
+        const accountForQueue = await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+        const accountConfig = accountForQueue
+          ? { maxConcurrency: parseInt(accountForQueue.maxConcurrency || '0', 10) }
+          : null
+        const queueResult = await userMessageQueueService.acquireQueueLock(
+          accountId,
+          null,
+          null,
+          accountConfig
+        )
        if (!queueResult.acquired && !queueResult.skipped) {
          // 区分 Redis 后端错误和队列超时
          const isBackendError = queueResult.error === 'queue_backend_error'
@@ -1338,10 +1391,13 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
            isBackendError ? { backendError: queueResult.errorMessage } : {}
          )
          if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+            const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+              ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+              : null
            responseStream.writeHead(statusCode, {
              'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
              'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-              Connection: 'keep-alive',
+              Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive',
              'x-user-message-queue-error': errorType
            })
          }
@@ -1491,8 +1547,10 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
    streamTransformer = null,
    requestOptions = {},
    isDedicatedOfficialAccount = false,
-    onResponseStart = null // 📬 新增：收到响应头时的回调，用于提前释放队列锁
+    onResponseStart = null, // 📬 新增：收到响应头时的回调，用于提前释放队列锁
+    retryCount = 0 // 🔄 403 重试计数器
  ) {
+    const maxRetries = 2 // 最大重试次数
    // 获取账户信息用于统一 User-Agent
    const account = await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)

@@ -1605,6 +1663,51 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
            }
          }

+          // 🔄 403 重试机制（必须在设置 res.on('data')/res.on('end') 之前处理）
+          // 否则重试时旧响应的 on('end') 会与新请求产生竞态条件
+          if (res.statusCode === 403) {
+            const canRetry =
+              this._shouldRetryOn403(accountType) &&
+              retryCount < maxRetries &&
+              !responseStream.headersSent
+
+            if (canRetry) {
+              logger.warn(
+                `🔄 [Stream] 403 error for account ${accountId}, retry ${retryCount + 1}/${maxRetries} after 2s`
+              )
+              // 消费当前响应并销毁请求
+              res.resume()
+              req.destroy()
+
+              // 等待 2 秒后递归重试
+              await this._sleep(2000)
+
+              try {
+                // 递归调用自身进行重试
+                const retryResult = await this._makeClaudeStreamRequestWithUsageCapture(
+                  body,
+                  accessToken,
+                  proxyAgent,
+                  clientHeaders,
+                  responseStream,
+                  usageCallback,
+                  accountId,
+                  accountType,
+                  sessionHash,
+                  streamTransformer,
+                  requestOptions,
+                  isDedicatedOfficialAccount,
+                  onResponseStart,
+                  retryCount + 1
+                )
+                resolve(retryResult)
+              } catch (retryError) {
+                reject(retryError)
+              }
+              return // 重要：提前返回，不设置后续的错误处理器
+            }
+          }
+
          // 将错误处理逻辑封装在一个异步函数中
          const handleErrorResponse = async () => {
            if (res.statusCode === 401) {
@@ -1628,8 +1731,10 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
                )
              }
            } else if (res.statusCode === 403) {
+              // 403 处理：走到这里说明重试已用尽或不适用重试，直接标记 blocked
+              // 注意：重试逻辑已在 handleErrorResponse 外部提前处理
              logger.error(
-                `🚫 [Stream] Forbidden error (403) detected for account ${accountId}, marking as blocked`
+                `🚫 [Stream] Forbidden error (403) detected for account ${accountId}${retryCount > 0 ? ` after ${retryCount} retries` : ''}, marking as blocked`
              )
              await unifiedClaudeScheduler.markAccountBlocked(accountId, accountType, sessionHash)
            } else if (res.statusCode === 529) {
@@ -1699,7 +1804,7 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
                }
              })()
            }
-            if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+            if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
              // 解析 Claude API 返回的错误详情
              let errorMessage = `Claude API error: ${res.statusCode}`
              try {
@@ -1764,16 +1869,23 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
            buffer = lines.pop() || '' // 保留最后的不完整行

            // 转发已处理的完整行到客户端
-            if (lines.length > 0 && !responseStream.destroyed) {
-              const linesToForward = lines.join('\n') + (lines.length > 0 ? '\n' : '')
-              // 如果有流转换器，应用转换
-              if (streamTransformer) {
-                const transformed = streamTransformer(linesToForward)
-                if (transformed) {
-                  responseStream.write(transformed)
+            if (lines.length > 0) {
+              if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
+                const linesToForward = lines.join('\n') + (lines.length > 0 ? '\n' : '')
+                // 如果有流转换器，应用转换
+                if (streamTransformer) {
+                  const transformed = streamTransformer(linesToForward)
+                  if (transformed) {
+                    responseStream.write(transformed)
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  responseStream.write(linesToForward)
                }
              } else {
-                responseStream.write(linesToForward)
+                // 客户端连接已断开，记录警告（但仍继续解析usage）
+                logger.warn(
+                  `⚠️ [Official] Client disconnected during stream, skipping ${lines.length} lines for account: ${accountId}`
+                )
              }
            }

@@ -1878,7 +1990,7 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
          } catch (error) {
            logger.error('❌ Error processing stream data:', error)
            // 发送错误但不破坏流，让它自然结束
-            if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+            if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
              responseStream.write('event: error\n')
              responseStream.write(
                `data: ${JSON.stringify({
@@ -1894,7 +2006,7 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
        res.on('end', async () => {
          try {
            // 处理缓冲区中剩余的数据
-            if (buffer.trim() && !responseStream.destroyed) {
+            if (buffer.trim() && isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
              if (streamTransformer) {
                const transformed = streamTransformer(buffer)
                if (transformed) {
@@ -1906,8 +2018,16 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
            }

            // 确保流正确结束
-            if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+            if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
              responseStream.end()
+              logger.debug(
+                `🌊 Stream end called | bytesWritten: ${responseStream.bytesWritten || 'unknown'}`
+              )
+            } else {
+              // 连接已断开，记录警告
+              logger.warn(
+                `⚠️ [Official] Client disconnected before stream end, data may not have been received | account: ${account?.name || accountId}`
+              )
            }
          } catch (error) {
            logger.error('❌ Error processing stream end:', error)
@@ -2105,14 +2225,17 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
        }

        if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+          const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+            ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+            : null
          responseStream.writeHead(statusCode, {
            'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
            'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-            Connection: 'keep-alive'
+            Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive'
          })
        }

-        if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+        if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
          // 发送 SSE 错误事件
          responseStream.write('event: error\n')
          responseStream.write(
@@ -2132,13 +2255,16 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
        logger.error(`❌ Claude stream request timeout | Account: ${account?.name || accountId}`)

        if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+          const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+            ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+            : null
          responseStream.writeHead(504, {
            'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
            'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-            Connection: 'keep-alive'
+            Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive'
          })
        }
-        if (!responseStream.destroyed) {
+        if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
          // 发送 SSE 错误事件
          responseStream.write('event: error\n')
          responseStream.write(
@@ -2429,34 +2555,44 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
    }
  }

+  // 🔧 准备测试请求的公共逻辑（供 testAccountConnection 和 testAccountConnectionSync 共用）
+  async _prepareAccountForTest(accountId) {
+    // 获取账户信息
+    const account = await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
+    if (!account) {
+      throw new Error('Account not found')
+    }
+
+    // 获取有效的访问token
+    const accessToken = await claudeAccountService.getValidAccessToken(accountId)
+    if (!accessToken) {
+      throw new Error('Failed to get valid access token')
+    }
+
+    // 获取代理配置
+    const proxyAgent = await this._getProxyAgent(accountId)
+
+    return { account, accessToken, proxyAgent }
+  }
+
  // 🧪 测试账号连接（供Admin API使用，直接复用 _makeClaudeStreamRequestWithUsageCapture）
-  async testAccountConnection(accountId, responseStream) {
-    const testRequestBody = createClaudeTestPayload('claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929', { stream: true })
+  async testAccountConnection(accountId, responseStream, model = 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929') {
+    const testRequestBody = createClaudeTestPayload(model, { stream: true })

    try {
-      // 获取账户信息
-      const account = await claudeAccountService.getAccount(accountId)
-      if (!account) {
-        throw new Error('Account not found')
-      }
+      const { account, accessToken, proxyAgent } = await this._prepareAccountForTest(accountId)

      logger.info(`🧪 Testing Claude account connection: ${account.name} (${accountId})`)

-      // 获取有效的访问token
-      const accessToken = await claudeAccountService.getValidAccessToken(accountId)
-      if (!accessToken) {
-        throw new Error('Failed to get valid access token')
-      }
-
-      // 获取代理配置
-      const proxyAgent = await this._getProxyAgent(accountId)
-
      // 设置响应头
      if (!responseStream.headersSent) {
+        const existingConnection = responseStream.getHeader
+          ? responseStream.getHeader('Connection')
+          : null
        responseStream.writeHead(200, {
          'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
          'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-          Connection: 'keep-alive',
+          Connection: existingConnection || 'keep-alive',
          'X-Accel-Buffering': 'no'
        })
      }
@@ -2484,7 +2620,7 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
    } catch (error) {
      logger.error(`❌ Test account connection failed:`, error)
      // 发送错误事件给前端
-      if (!responseStream.destroyed && !responseStream.writableEnded) {
+      if (isStreamWritable(responseStream)) {
        try {
          const errorMsg = error.message || '测试失败'
          responseStream.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ type: 'error', error: errorMsg })}\n\n`)
@@ -2496,6 +2632,125 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
    }
  }

+  // 🧪 非流式测试账号连接（供定时任务使用）
+  // 复用流式请求方法，收集结果后返回
+  async testAccountConnectionSync(accountId, model = 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929') {
+    const testRequestBody = createClaudeTestPayload(model, { stream: true })
+    const startTime = Date.now()
+
+    try {
+      // 使用公共方法准备测试所需的账户信息、token 和代理
+      const { account, accessToken, proxyAgent } = await this._prepareAccountForTest(accountId)
+
+      logger.info(`🧪 Testing Claude account connection (sync): ${account.name} (${accountId})`)
+
+      // 创建一个收集器来捕获流式响应
+      let responseText = ''
+      let capturedUsage = null
+      let capturedModel = model
+      let hasError = false
+      let errorMessage = ''
+
+      // 创建模拟的响应流对象
+      const mockResponseStream = {
+        headersSent: true, // 跳过设置响应头
+        write: (data) => {
+          // 解析 SSE 数据
+          if (typeof data === 'string' && data.startsWith('data: ')) {
+            try {
+              const jsonStr = data.replace('data: ', '').trim()
+              if (jsonStr && jsonStr !== '[DONE]') {
+                const parsed = JSON.parse(jsonStr)
+                // 提取文本内容
+                if (parsed.type === 'content_block_delta' && parsed.delta?.text) {
+                  responseText += parsed.delta.text
+                }
+                // 提取 usage 信息
+                if (parsed.type === 'message_delta' && parsed.usage) {
+                  capturedUsage = parsed.usage
+                }
+                // 提取模型信息
+                if (parsed.type === 'message_start' && parsed.message?.model) {
+                  capturedModel = parsed.message.model
+                }
+                // 检测错误
+                if (parsed.type === 'error') {
+                  hasError = true
+                  errorMessage = parsed.error?.message || 'Unknown error'
+                }
+              }
+            } catch {
+              // 忽略解析错误
+            }
+          }
+          return true
+        },
+        end: () => {},
+        on: () => {},
+        once: () => {},
+        emit: () => {},
+        writable: true
+      }
+
+      // 复用流式请求方法
+      await this._makeClaudeStreamRequestWithUsageCapture(
+        testRequestBody,
+        accessToken,
+        proxyAgent,
+        {}, // clientHeaders - 测试不需要客户端headers
+        mockResponseStream,
+        null, // usageCallback - 测试不需要统计
+        accountId,
+        'claude-official', // accountType
+        null, // sessionHash - 测试不需要会话
+        null, // streamTransformer - 不需要转换，直接解析原始格式
+        {}, // requestOptions
+        false // isDedicatedOfficialAccount
+      )
+
+      const latencyMs = Date.now() - startTime
+
+      if (hasError) {
+        logger.warn(`⚠️ Test completed with error for account: ${account.name} - ${errorMessage}`)
+        return {
+          success: false,
+          error: errorMessage,
+          latencyMs,
+          timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+        }
+      }
+
+      logger.info(`✅ Test completed for account: ${account.name} (${latencyMs}ms)`)
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        message: responseText.substring(0, 200), // 截取前200字符
+        latencyMs,
+        model: capturedModel,
+        usage: capturedUsage,
+        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      const latencyMs = Date.now() - startTime
+      logger.error(`❌ Test account connection (sync) failed:`, error.message)
+
+      // 提取错误详情
+      let errorMessage = error.message
+      if (error.response) {
+        errorMessage =
+          error.response.data?.error?.message || error.response.statusText || error.message
+      }
+
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        error: errorMessage,
+        statusCode: error.response?.status,
+        latencyMs,
+        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
  // 🎯 健康检查
  async healthCheck() {
    try {
@@ -2517,6 +2772,17 @@ class ClaudeRelayService {
      }
    }
  }
+
+  // 🔄 判断账户是否应该在 403 错误时进行重试
+  // 仅 claude-official 类型账户（OAuth 或 Setup Token 授权）需要重试
+  _shouldRetryOn403(accountType) {
+    return accountType === 'claude-official'
+  }
+
+  // ⏱️ 等待指定毫秒数
+  _sleep(ms) {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
+  }
 }

 module.exports = new ClaudeRelayService()
--- a/src/services/geminiAccountService.js
+++ b/src/services/geminiAccountService.js
@@ -16,11 +16,62 @@ const {
 } = require('../utils/tokenRefreshLogger')
 const tokenRefreshService = require('./tokenRefreshService')
 const LRUCache = require('../utils/lruCache')
+const antigravityClient = require('./antigravityClient')

-// Gemini CLI OAuth 配置 - 这些是公开的 Gemini CLI 凭据
-const OAUTH_CLIENT_ID = '681255809395-oo8ft2oprdrnp9e3aqf6av3hmdib135j.apps.googleusercontent.com'
-const OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET = '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'
-const OAUTH_SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
+// Gemini OAuth 配置 - 支持 Gemini CLI 与 Antigravity 两种 OAuth 应用
+const OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI = 'gemini-cli'
+const OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY = 'antigravity'
+
+const OAUTH_PROVIDERS = {
+  [OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI]: {
+    // Gemini CLI OAuth 配置（公开）
+    clientId:
+      process.env.GEMINI_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID ||
+      '681255809395-oo8ft2oprdrnp9e3aqf6av3hmdib135j.apps.googleusercontent.com',
+    clientSecret: process.env.GEMINI_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET || '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',
+    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform']
+  },
+  [OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY]: {
+    // Antigravity OAuth 配置（参考 gcli2api）
+    clientId:
+      process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID ||
+      '1071006060591-tmhssin2h21lcre235vtolojh4g403ep.apps.googleusercontent.com',
+    clientSecret:
+      process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET || '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',
+    scopes: [
+      'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform',
+      'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email',
+      'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile',
+      'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cclog',
+      'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/experimentsandconfigs'
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+if (!process.env.GEMINI_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET) {
+  logger.warn(
+    '⚠️ GEMINI_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET 未设置，使用内置默认值（建议在生产环境通过环境变量覆盖）'
+  )
+}
+if (!process.env.ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET) {
+  logger.warn(
+    '⚠️ ANTIGRAVITY_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET 未设置，使用内置默认值（建议在生产环境通过环境变量覆盖）'
+  )
+}
+
+function normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider) {
+  if (!oauthProvider) {
+    return OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI
+  }
+  return oauthProvider === OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY
+    ? OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY
+    : OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI
+}
+
+function getOauthProviderConfig(oauthProvider) {
+  const normalized = normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider)
+  return OAUTH_PROVIDERS[normalized] || OAUTH_PROVIDERS[OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI]
+}

 // 🌐 TCP Keep-Alive Agent 配置
 // 解决长时间流式请求中 NAT/防火墙空闲超时导致的连接中断问题
@@ -34,6 +85,117 @@ const keepAliveAgent = new https.Agent({

 logger.info('🌐 Gemini HTTPS Agent initialized with TCP Keep-Alive support')

+async function fetchAvailableModelsAntigravity(
+  accessToken,
+  proxyConfig = null,
+  refreshToken = null
+) {
+  try {
+    let effectiveToken = accessToken
+    if (refreshToken) {
+      try {
+        const client = await getOauthClient(
+          accessToken,
+          refreshToken,
+          proxyConfig,
+          OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY
+        )
+        if (client && client.getAccessToken) {
+          const latest = await client.getAccessToken()
+          if (latest?.token) {
+            effectiveToken = latest.token
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn('Failed to refresh Antigravity access token for models list:', {
+          message: error.message
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
+    const data = await antigravityClient.fetchAvailableModels({
+      accessToken: effectiveToken,
+      proxyConfig
+    })
+    const modelsDict = data?.models
+    const created = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)
+
+    const models = []
+    const seen = new Set()
+    const {
+      getAntigravityModelAlias,
+      getAntigravityModelMetadata,
+      normalizeAntigravityModelInput
+    } = require('../utils/antigravityModel')
+
+    const pushModel = (modelId) => {
+      if (!modelId || seen.has(modelId)) {
+        return
+      }
+      seen.add(modelId)
+      const metadata = getAntigravityModelMetadata(modelId)
+      const entry = {
+        id: modelId,
+        object: 'model',
+        created,
+        owned_by: 'antigravity'
+      }
+      if (metadata?.name) {
+        entry.name = metadata.name
+      }
+      if (metadata?.maxCompletionTokens) {
+        entry.max_completion_tokens = metadata.maxCompletionTokens
+      }
+      if (metadata?.thinking) {
+        entry.thinking = metadata.thinking
+      }
+      models.push(entry)
+    }
+
+    if (modelsDict && typeof modelsDict === 'object') {
+      for (const modelId of Object.keys(modelsDict)) {
+        const normalized = normalizeAntigravityModelInput(modelId)
+        const alias = getAntigravityModelAlias(normalized)
+        if (!alias) {
+          continue
+        }
+        pushModel(alias)
+
+        if (alias.endsWith('-thinking')) {
+          pushModel(alias.replace(/-thinking$/, ''))
+        }
+
+        if (alias.startsWith('gemini-claude-')) {
+          pushModel(alias.replace(/^gemini-/, ''))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return models
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to fetch Antigravity models:', error.response?.data || error.message)
+    return [
+      {
+        id: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+        object: 'model',
+        created: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
+        owned_by: 'antigravity'
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+async function countTokensAntigravity(client, contents, model, proxyConfig = null) {
+  const { token } = await client.getAccessToken()
+  const response = await antigravityClient.countTokens({
+    accessToken: token,
+    proxyConfig,
+    contents,
+    model
+  })
+  return response
+}
+
 // 加密相关常量
 const ALGORITHM = 'aes-256-cbc'
 const ENCRYPTION_SALT = 'gemini-account-salt'
@@ -124,14 +286,15 @@ setInterval(
 )

 // 创建 OAuth2 客户端（支持代理配置）
-function createOAuth2Client(redirectUri = null, proxyConfig = null) {
+function createOAuth2Client(redirectUri = null, proxyConfig = null, oauthProvider = null) {
  // 如果没有提供 redirectUri，使用默认值
  const uri = redirectUri || 'http://localhost:45462'
+  const oauthConfig = getOauthProviderConfig(oauthProvider)

  // 准备客户端选项
  const clientOptions = {
-    clientId: OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
-    clientSecret: OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET,
+    clientId: oauthConfig.clientId,
+    clientSecret: oauthConfig.clientSecret,
    redirectUri: uri
  }

@@ -152,10 +315,17 @@ function createOAuth2Client(redirectUri = null, proxyConfig = null) {
 }

 // 生成授权 URL (支持 PKCE 和代理)
-async function generateAuthUrl(state = null, redirectUri = null, proxyConfig = null) {
+async function generateAuthUrl(
+  state = null,
+  redirectUri = null,
+  proxyConfig = null,
+  oauthProvider = null
+) {
  // 使用新的 redirect URI
  const finalRedirectUri = redirectUri || 'https://codeassist.google.com/authcode'
-  const oAuth2Client = createOAuth2Client(finalRedirectUri, proxyConfig)
+  const normalizedProvider = normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider)
+  const oauthConfig = getOauthProviderConfig(normalizedProvider)
+  const oAuth2Client = createOAuth2Client(finalRedirectUri, proxyConfig, normalizedProvider)

  if (proxyConfig) {
    logger.info(
@@ -172,7 +342,7 @@ async function generateAuthUrl(state = null, redirectUri = null, proxyConfig = n
  const authUrl = oAuth2Client.generateAuthUrl({
    redirect_uri: finalRedirectUri,
    access_type: 'offline',
-    scope: OAUTH_SCOPES,
+    scope: oauthConfig.scopes,
    code_challenge_method: 'S256',
    code_challenge: codeVerifier.codeChallenge,
    state: stateValue,
@@ -183,7 +353,8 @@ async function generateAuthUrl(state = null, redirectUri = null, proxyConfig = n
    authUrl,
    state: stateValue,
    codeVerifier: codeVerifier.codeVerifier,
-    redirectUri: finalRedirectUri
+    redirectUri: finalRedirectUri,
+    oauthProvider: normalizedProvider
  }
 }

@@ -244,11 +415,14 @@ async function exchangeCodeForTokens(
  code,
  redirectUri = null,
  codeVerifier = null,
-  proxyConfig = null
+  proxyConfig = null,
+  oauthProvider = null
 ) {
  try {
+    const normalizedProvider = normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider)
+    const oauthConfig = getOauthProviderConfig(normalizedProvider)
    // 创建带代理配置的 OAuth2Client
-    const oAuth2Client = createOAuth2Client(redirectUri, proxyConfig)
+    const oAuth2Client = createOAuth2Client(redirectUri, proxyConfig, normalizedProvider)

    if (proxyConfig) {
      logger.info(
@@ -274,7 +448,7 @@ async function exchangeCodeForTokens(
    return {
      access_token: tokens.access_token,
      refresh_token: tokens.refresh_token,
-      scope: tokens.scope || OAUTH_SCOPES.join(' '),
+      scope: tokens.scope || oauthConfig.scopes.join(' '),
      token_type: tokens.token_type || 'Bearer',
      expiry_date: tokens.expiry_date || Date.now() + tokens.expires_in * 1000
    }
@@ -285,9 +459,11 @@ async function exchangeCodeForTokens(
 }

 // 刷新访问令牌
-async function refreshAccessToken(refreshToken, proxyConfig = null) {
+async function refreshAccessToken(refreshToken, proxyConfig = null, oauthProvider = null) {
+  const normalizedProvider = normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider)
+  const oauthConfig = getOauthProviderConfig(normalizedProvider)
  // 创建带代理配置的 OAuth2Client
-  const oAuth2Client = createOAuth2Client(null, proxyConfig)
+  const oAuth2Client = createOAuth2Client(null, proxyConfig, normalizedProvider)

  try {
    // 设置 refresh_token
@@ -319,7 +495,7 @@ async function refreshAccessToken(refreshToken, proxyConfig = null) {
    return {
      access_token: credentials.access_token,
      refresh_token: credentials.refresh_token || refreshToken, // 保留原 refresh_token 如果没有返回新的
-      scope: credentials.scope || OAUTH_SCOPES.join(' '),
+      scope: credentials.scope || oauthConfig.scopes.join(' '),
      token_type: credentials.token_type || 'Bearer',
      expiry_date: credentials.expiry_date || Date.now() + 3600000 // 默认1小时过期
    }
@@ -339,6 +515,8 @@ async function refreshAccessToken(refreshToken, proxyConfig = null) {
 async function createAccount(accountData) {
  const id = uuidv4()
  const now = new Date().toISOString()
+  const oauthProvider = normalizeOauthProvider(accountData.oauthProvider)
+  const oauthConfig = getOauthProviderConfig(oauthProvider)

  // 处理凭证数据
  let geminiOauth = null
@@ -371,7 +549,7 @@ async function createAccount(accountData) {
      geminiOauth = JSON.stringify({
        access_token: accessToken,
        refresh_token: refreshToken,
-        scope: accountData.scope || OAUTH_SCOPES.join(' '),
+        scope: accountData.scope || oauthConfig.scopes.join(' '),
        token_type: accountData.tokenType || 'Bearer',
        expiry_date: accountData.expiryDate || Date.now() + 3600000 // 默认1小时
      })
@@ -399,7 +577,8 @@ async function createAccount(accountData) {
    refreshToken: refreshToken ? encrypt(refreshToken) : '',
    expiresAt, // OAuth Token 过期时间（技术字段，自动刷新）
    // 只有OAuth方式才有scopes，手动添加的没有
-    scopes: accountData.geminiOauth ? accountData.scopes || OAUTH_SCOPES.join(' ') : '',
+    scopes: accountData.geminiOauth ? accountData.scopes || oauthConfig.scopes.join(' ') : '',
+    oauthProvider,

    // ✅ 新增：账户订阅到期时间（业务字段，手动管理）
    subscriptionExpiresAt: accountData.subscriptionExpiresAt || null,
@@ -508,6 +687,10 @@ async function updateAccount(accountId, updates) {
    updates.schedulable = updates.schedulable.toString()
  }

+  if (updates.oauthProvider !== undefined) {
+    updates.oauthProvider = normalizeOauthProvider(updates.oauthProvider)
+  }
+
  // 加密敏感字段
  if (updates.geminiOauth) {
    updates.geminiOauth = encrypt(
@@ -885,12 +1068,13 @@ async function refreshAccountToken(accountId) {
      // 重新获取账户数据（可能已被其他进程刷新）
      const updatedAccount = await getAccount(accountId)
      if (updatedAccount && updatedAccount.accessToken) {
+        const oauthConfig = getOauthProviderConfig(updatedAccount.oauthProvider)
        const accessToken = decrypt(updatedAccount.accessToken)
        return {
          access_token: accessToken,
          refresh_token: updatedAccount.refreshToken ? decrypt(updatedAccount.refreshToken) : '',
          expiry_date: updatedAccount.expiresAt ? new Date(updatedAccount.expiresAt).getTime() : 0,
-          scope: updatedAccount.scope || OAUTH_SCOPES.join(' '),
+          scope: updatedAccount.scopes || oauthConfig.scopes.join(' '),
          token_type: 'Bearer'
        }
      }
@@ -904,7 +1088,11 @@ async function refreshAccountToken(accountId) {

    // account.refreshToken 已经是解密后的值（从 getAccount 返回）
    // 传入账户的代理配置
-    const newTokens = await refreshAccessToken(account.refreshToken, account.proxy)
+    const newTokens = await refreshAccessToken(
+      account.refreshToken,
+      account.proxy,
+      account.oauthProvider
+    )

    // 更新账户信息
    const updates = {
@@ -1036,14 +1224,15 @@ async function getAccountRateLimitInfo(accountId) {
 }

 // 获取配置的OAuth客户端 - 参考GeminiCliSimulator的getOauthClient方法（支持代理）
-async function getOauthClient(accessToken, refreshToken, proxyConfig = null) {
-  const client = createOAuth2Client(null, proxyConfig)
+async function getOauthClient(accessToken, refreshToken, proxyConfig = null, oauthProvider = null) {
+  const normalizedProvider = normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider)
+  const oauthConfig = getOauthProviderConfig(normalizedProvider)
+  const client = createOAuth2Client(null, proxyConfig, normalizedProvider)

  const creds = {
    access_token: accessToken,
    refresh_token: refreshToken,
-    scope:
-      'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile openid https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email',
+    scope: oauthConfig.scopes.join(' '),
    token_type: 'Bearer',
    expiry_date: 1754269905646
  }
@@ -1509,6 +1698,43 @@ async function generateContent(
  return response.data
 }

+// 调用 Antigravity 上游生成内容（非流式）
+async function generateContentAntigravity(
+  client,
+  requestData,
+  userPromptId,
+  projectId = null,
+  sessionId = null,
+  proxyConfig = null
+) {
+  const { token } = await client.getAccessToken()
+  const { model } = antigravityClient.buildAntigravityEnvelope({
+    requestData,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId,
+    userPromptId
+  })
+
+  logger.info('🪐 Antigravity generateContent API调用开始', {
+    model,
+    userPromptId,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId
+  })
+
+  const { response } = await antigravityClient.request({
+    accessToken: token,
+    proxyConfig,
+    requestData,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId,
+    userPromptId,
+    stream: false
+  })
+  logger.info('✅ Antigravity generateContent API调用成功')
+  return response.data
+}
+
 // 调用 Code Assist API 生成内容（流式）
 async function generateContentStream(
  client,
@@ -1593,6 +1819,46 @@ async function generateContentStream(
  return response.data // 返回流对象
 }

+// 调用 Antigravity 上游生成内容（流式）
+async function generateContentStreamAntigravity(
+  client,
+  requestData,
+  userPromptId,
+  projectId = null,
+  sessionId = null,
+  signal = null,
+  proxyConfig = null
+) {
+  const { token } = await client.getAccessToken()
+  const { model } = antigravityClient.buildAntigravityEnvelope({
+    requestData,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId,
+    userPromptId
+  })
+
+  logger.info('🌊 Antigravity streamGenerateContent API调用开始', {
+    model,
+    userPromptId,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId
+  })
+
+  const { response } = await antigravityClient.request({
+    accessToken: token,
+    proxyConfig,
+    requestData,
+    projectId,
+    sessionId,
+    userPromptId,
+    stream: true,
+    signal,
+    params: { alt: 'sse' }
+  })
+  logger.info('✅ Antigravity streamGenerateContent API调用成功，开始流式传输')
+  return response.data
+}
+
 // 更新账户的临时项目 ID
 async function updateTempProjectId(accountId, tempProjectId) {
  if (!tempProjectId) {
@@ -1687,10 +1953,12 @@ module.exports = {
  generateEncryptionKey,
  decryptCache, // 暴露缓存对象以便测试和监控
  countTokens,
+  countTokensAntigravity,
  generateContent,
  generateContentStream,
+  generateContentAntigravity,
+  generateContentStreamAntigravity,
+  fetchAvailableModelsAntigravity,
  updateTempProjectId,
-  resetAccountStatus,
-  OAUTH_CLIENT_ID,
-  OAUTH_SCOPES
+  resetAccountStatus
 }
--- a/src/services/rateLimitCleanupService.js
+++ b/src/services/rateLimitCleanupService.js
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ class RateLimitCleanupService {
      const results = {
        openai: { checked: 0, cleared: 0, errors: [] },
        claude: { checked: 0, cleared: 0, errors: [] },
-        claudeConsole: { checked: 0, cleared: 0, errors: [] }
+        claudeConsole: { checked: 0, cleared: 0, errors: [] },
+        tokenRefresh: { checked: 0, refreshed: 0, errors: [] }
      }

      // 清理 OpenAI 账号
@@ -84,21 +85,29 @@ class RateLimitCleanupService {
      // 清理 Claude Console 账号
      await this.cleanupClaudeConsoleAccounts(results.claudeConsole)

+      // 主动刷新等待重置的 Claude 账户 Token（防止 5小时/7天 等待期间 Token 过期）
+      await this.proactiveRefreshClaudeTokens(results.tokenRefresh)
+
      const totalChecked =
        results.openai.checked + results.claude.checked + results.claudeConsole.checked
      const totalCleared =
        results.openai.cleared + results.claude.cleared + results.claudeConsole.cleared
      const duration = Date.now() - startTime

-      if (totalCleared > 0) {
+      if (totalCleared > 0 || results.tokenRefresh.refreshed > 0) {
        logger.info(
-          `✅ Rate limit cleanup completed: ${totalCleared} accounts cleared out of ${totalChecked} checked (${duration}ms)`
+          `✅ Rate limit cleanup completed: ${totalCleared}/${totalChecked} accounts cleared, ${results.tokenRefresh.refreshed} tokens refreshed (${duration}ms)`
        )
        logger.info(`   OpenAI: ${results.openai.cleared}/${results.openai.checked}`)
        logger.info(`   Claude: ${results.claude.cleared}/${results.claude.checked}`)
        logger.info(
          `   Claude Console: ${results.claudeConsole.cleared}/${results.claudeConsole.checked}`
        )
+        if (results.tokenRefresh.checked > 0 || results.tokenRefresh.refreshed > 0) {
+          logger.info(
+            `   Token Refresh: ${results.tokenRefresh.refreshed}/${results.tokenRefresh.checked} refreshed`
+          )
+        }

        // 发送 webhook 恢复通知
        if (this.clearedAccounts.length > 0) {
@@ -114,7 +123,8 @@ class RateLimitCleanupService {
      const allErrors = [
        ...results.openai.errors,
        ...results.claude.errors,
-        ...results.claudeConsole.errors
+        ...results.claudeConsole.errors,
+        ...results.tokenRefresh.errors
      ]
      if (allErrors.length > 0) {
        logger.warn(`⚠️ Encountered ${allErrors.length} errors during cleanup:`, allErrors)
@@ -348,6 +358,75 @@ class RateLimitCleanupService {
    }
  }

+  /**
+   * 主动刷新 Claude 账户 Token（防止等待重置期间 Token 过期）
+   * 仅对因限流/配额限制而等待重置的账户执行刷新：
+   * - 429 限流账户（rateLimitAutoStopped=true）
+   * - 5小时限制自动停止账户（fiveHourAutoStopped=true）
+   * 不处理错误状态账户（error/temp_error）
+   */
+  async proactiveRefreshClaudeTokens(result) {
+    try {
+      const redis = require('../models/redis')
+      const accounts = await redis.getAllClaudeAccounts()
+      const now = Date.now()
+      const refreshAheadMs = 30 * 60 * 1000 // 提前30分钟刷新
+      const recentRefreshMs = 5 * 60 * 1000 // 5分钟内刷新过则跳过
+
+      for (const account of accounts) {
+        // 1. 必须激活
+        if (account.isActive !== 'true') {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 2. 必须有 refreshToken
+        if (!account.refreshToken) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 3. 【优化】仅处理因限流/配额限制而等待重置的账户
+        // 正常调度的账户会在请求时自动刷新，无需主动刷新
+        // 错误状态账户的 Token 可能已失效，刷新也会失败
+        const isWaitingForReset =
+          account.rateLimitAutoStopped === 'true' || // 429 限流
+          account.fiveHourAutoStopped === 'true' // 5小时限制自动停止
+        if (!isWaitingForReset) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 4. 【优化】如果最近 5 分钟内已刷新，跳过（避免重复刷新）
+        const lastRefreshAt = account.lastRefreshAt ? new Date(account.lastRefreshAt).getTime() : 0
+        if (now - lastRefreshAt < recentRefreshMs) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 5. 检查 Token 是否即将过期（30分钟内）
+        const expiresAt = parseInt(account.expiresAt)
+        if (expiresAt && now < expiresAt - refreshAheadMs) {
+          continue
+        }
+
+        // 符合条件，执行刷新
+        result.checked++
+        try {
+          await claudeAccountService.refreshAccountToken(account.id)
+          result.refreshed++
+          logger.info(`🔄 Proactively refreshed token: ${account.name} (${account.id})`)
+        } catch (error) {
+          result.errors.push({
+            accountId: account.id,
+            accountName: account.name,
+            error: error.message
+          })
+          logger.warn(`⚠️ Proactive refresh failed for ${account.name}: ${error.message}`)
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('Failed to proactively refresh Claude tokens:', error)
+      result.errors.push({ error: error.message })
+    }
+  }
+
  /**
   * 手动触发一次清理（供 API 或 CLI 调用）
   */
--- a/src/services/unifiedGeminiScheduler.js
+++ b/src/services/unifiedGeminiScheduler.js
@@ -4,11 +4,35 @@ const accountGroupService = require('./accountGroupService')
 const redis = require('../models/redis')
 const logger = require('../utils/logger')

+const OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI = 'gemini-cli'
+const OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY = 'antigravity'
+const KNOWN_OAUTH_PROVIDERS = [OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI, OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY]
+
+function normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider) {
+  if (!oauthProvider) {
+    return OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI
+  }
+  return oauthProvider === OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY
+    ? OAUTH_PROVIDER_ANTIGRAVITY
+    : OAUTH_PROVIDER_GEMINI_CLI
+}
+
 class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
  constructor() {
    this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX = 'unified_gemini_session_mapping:'
  }

+  _getSessionMappingKey(sessionHash, oauthProvider = null) {
+    if (!sessionHash) {
+      return null
+    }
+    if (!oauthProvider) {
+      return `${this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX}${sessionHash}`
+    }
+    const normalized = normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider)
+    return `${this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX}${normalized}:${sessionHash}`
+  }
+
  // 🔧 辅助方法：检查账户是否可调度（兼容字符串和布尔值）
  _isSchedulable(schedulable) {
    // 如果是 undefined 或 null，默认为可调度
@@ -32,7 +56,8 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
    requestedModel = null,
    options = {}
  ) {
-    const { allowApiAccounts = false } = options
+    const { allowApiAccounts = false, oauthProvider = null } = options
+    const normalizedOauthProvider = oauthProvider ? normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider) : null

    try {
      // 如果API Key绑定了专属账户或分组，优先使用
@@ -83,14 +108,23 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
            this._isActive(boundAccount.isActive) &&
            boundAccount.status !== 'error'
          ) {
-            logger.info(
-              `🎯 Using bound dedicated Gemini account: ${boundAccount.name} (${apiKeyData.geminiAccountId}) for API key ${apiKeyData.name}`
-            )
-            // 更新账户的最后使用时间
-            await geminiAccountService.markAccountUsed(apiKeyData.geminiAccountId)
-            return {
-              accountId: apiKeyData.geminiAccountId,
-              accountType: 'gemini'
+            if (
+              normalizedOauthProvider &&
+              normalizeOauthProvider(boundAccount.oauthProvider) !== normalizedOauthProvider
+            ) {
+              logger.warn(
+                `⚠️ Bound Gemini OAuth account ${boundAccount.name} oauthProvider=${normalizeOauthProvider(boundAccount.oauthProvider)} does not match requested oauthProvider=${normalizedOauthProvider}, falling back to pool`
+              )
+            } else {
+              logger.info(
+                `🎯 Using bound dedicated Gemini account: ${boundAccount.name} (${apiKeyData.geminiAccountId}) for API key ${apiKeyData.name}`
+              )
+              // 更新账户的最后使用时间
+              await geminiAccountService.markAccountUsed(apiKeyData.geminiAccountId)
+              return {
+                accountId: apiKeyData.geminiAccountId,
+                accountType: 'gemini'
+              }
            }
          } else {
            logger.warn(
@@ -102,7 +136,7 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {

      // 如果有会话哈希，检查是否有已映射的账户
      if (sessionHash) {
-        const mappedAccount = await this._getSessionMapping(sessionHash)
+        const mappedAccount = await this._getSessionMapping(sessionHash, normalizedOauthProvider)
        if (mappedAccount) {
          // 验证映射的账户是否仍然可用
          const isAvailable = await this._isAccountAvailable(
@@ -111,7 +145,7 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
          )
          if (isAvailable) {
            // 🚀 智能会话续期（续期 unified 映射键，按配置）
-            await this._extendSessionMappingTTL(sessionHash)
+            await this._extendSessionMappingTTL(sessionHash, normalizedOauthProvider)
            logger.info(
              `🎯 Using sticky session account: ${mappedAccount.accountId} (${mappedAccount.accountType}) for session ${sessionHash}`
            )
@@ -132,11 +166,10 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
      }

      // 获取所有可用账户
-      const availableAccounts = await this._getAllAvailableAccounts(
-        apiKeyData,
-        requestedModel,
-        allowApiAccounts
-      )
+      const availableAccounts = await this._getAllAvailableAccounts(apiKeyData, requestedModel, {
+        allowApiAccounts,
+        oauthProvider: normalizedOauthProvider
+      })

      if (availableAccounts.length === 0) {
        // 提供更详细的错误信息
@@ -160,7 +193,8 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
        await this._setSessionMapping(
          sessionHash,
          selectedAccount.accountId,
-          selectedAccount.accountType
+          selectedAccount.accountType,
+          normalizedOauthProvider
        )
        logger.info(
          `🎯 Created new sticky session mapping: ${selectedAccount.name} (${selectedAccount.accountId}, ${selectedAccount.accountType}) for session ${sessionHash}`
@@ -189,7 +223,18 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
  }

  // 📋 获取所有可用账户
-  async _getAllAvailableAccounts(apiKeyData, requestedModel = null, allowApiAccounts = false) {
+  async _getAllAvailableAccounts(
+    apiKeyData,
+    requestedModel = null,
+    allowApiAccountsOrOptions = false
+  ) {
+    const options =
+      allowApiAccountsOrOptions && typeof allowApiAccountsOrOptions === 'object'
+        ? allowApiAccountsOrOptions
+        : { allowApiAccounts: allowApiAccountsOrOptions }
+    const { allowApiAccounts = false, oauthProvider = null } = options
+    const normalizedOauthProvider = oauthProvider ? normalizeOauthProvider(oauthProvider) : null
+
    const availableAccounts = []

    // 如果API Key绑定了专属账户，优先返回
@@ -254,6 +299,12 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
          this._isActive(boundAccount.isActive) &&
          boundAccount.status !== 'error'
        ) {
+          if (
+            normalizedOauthProvider &&
+            normalizeOauthProvider(boundAccount.oauthProvider) !== normalizedOauthProvider
+          ) {
+            return availableAccounts
+          }
          const isRateLimited = await this.isAccountRateLimited(boundAccount.id)
          if (!isRateLimited) {
            // 检查模型支持
@@ -303,6 +354,12 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
        (account.accountType === 'shared' || !account.accountType) && // 兼容旧数据
        this._isSchedulable(account.schedulable)
      ) {
+        if (
+          normalizedOauthProvider &&
+          normalizeOauthProvider(account.oauthProvider) !== normalizedOauthProvider
+        ) {
+          continue
+        }
        // 检查是否可调度

        // 检查token是否过期
@@ -437,9 +494,10 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
  }

  // 🔗 获取会话映射
-  async _getSessionMapping(sessionHash) {
+  async _getSessionMapping(sessionHash, oauthProvider = null) {
    const client = redis.getClientSafe()
-    const mappingData = await client.get(`${this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX}${sessionHash}`)
+    const key = this._getSessionMappingKey(sessionHash, oauthProvider)
+    const mappingData = key ? await client.get(key) : null

    if (mappingData) {
      try {
@@ -454,27 +512,42 @@ class UnifiedGeminiScheduler {
  }

  // 💾 设置会话映射
-  async _setSessionMapping(sessionHash, accountId, accountType) {
+  async _setSessionMapping(sessionHash, accountId, accountType, oauthProvider = null) {
    const client = redis.getClientSafe()
    const mappingData = JSON.stringify({ accountId, accountType })
    // 依据配置设置TTL（小时）
    const appConfig = require('../../config/config')
    const ttlHours = appConfig.session?.stickyTtlHours || 1
    const ttlSeconds = Math.max(1, Math.floor(ttlHours * 60 * 60))
-    await client.setex(`${this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX}${sessionHash}`, ttlSeconds, mappingData)
+    const key = this._getSessionMappingKey(sessionHash, oauthProvider)
+    if (!key) {
+      return
+    }
+    await client.setex(key, ttlSeconds, mappingData)
  }

  // 🗑️ 删除会话映射
  async _deleteSessionMapping(sessionHash) {
    const client = redis.getClientSafe()
-    await client.del(`${this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX}${sessionHash}`)
+    if (!sessionHash) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    const keys = [this._getSessionMappingKey(sessionHash)]
+    for (const provider of KNOWN_OAUTH_PROVIDERS) {
+      keys.push(this._getSessionMappingKey(sessionHash, provider))
+    }
+    await client.del(keys.filter(Boolean))
  }

  // 🔁 续期统一调度会话映射TTL（针对 unified_gemini_session_mapping:* 键），遵循会话配置
-  async _extendSessionMappingTTL(sessionHash) {
+  async _extendSessionMappingTTL(sessionHash, oauthProvider = null) {
    try {
      const client = redis.getClientSafe()
-      const key = `${this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX}${sessionHash}`
+      const key = this._getSessionMappingKey(sessionHash, oauthProvider)
+      if (!key) {
+        return false
+      }
      const remainingTTL = await client.ttl(key)

      if (remainingTTL === -2) {
--- a/src/services/unifiedOpenAIScheduler.js
+++ b/src/services/unifiedOpenAIScheduler.js
@@ -9,6 +9,26 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
    this.SESSION_MAPPING_PREFIX = 'unified_openai_session_mapping:'
  }

+  // 🔢 按优先级和最后使用时间排序账户（与 Claude/Gemini 调度保持一致）
+  _sortAccountsByPriority(accounts) {
+    return accounts.sort((a, b) => {
+      const aPriority = Number.parseInt(a.priority, 10)
+      const bPriority = Number.parseInt(b.priority, 10)
+      const normalizedAPriority = Number.isFinite(aPriority) ? aPriority : 50
+      const normalizedBPriority = Number.isFinite(bPriority) ? bPriority : 50
+
+      // 首先按优先级排序（数字越小优先级越高）
+      if (normalizedAPriority !== normalizedBPriority) {
+        return normalizedAPriority - normalizedBPriority
+      }
+
+      // 优先级相同时，按最后使用时间排序（最久未使用的优先）
+      const aLastUsed = new Date(a.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
+      const bLastUsed = new Date(b.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
+      return aLastUsed - bLastUsed
+    })
+  }
+
  // 🔧 辅助方法：检查账户是否可调度（兼容字符串和布尔值）
  _isSchedulable(schedulable) {
    // 如果是 undefined 或 null，默认为可调度
@@ -244,13 +264,7 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
            `🎯 Using bound dedicated ${accountType} account: ${boundAccount.name} (${boundAccount.id}) for API key ${apiKeyData.name}`
          )
          // 更新账户的最后使用时间
-          if (accountType === 'openai') {
-            await openaiAccountService.recordUsage(boundAccount.id, 0)
-          } else {
-            await openaiResponsesAccountService.updateAccount(boundAccount.id, {
-              lastUsedAt: new Date().toISOString()
-            })
-          }
+          await this.updateAccountLastUsed(boundAccount.id, accountType)
          return {
            accountId: boundAccount.id,
            accountType
@@ -292,7 +306,7 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
              `🎯 Using sticky session account: ${mappedAccount.accountId} (${mappedAccount.accountType}) for session ${sessionHash}`
            )
            // 更新账户的最后使用时间
-            await openaiAccountService.recordUsage(mappedAccount.accountId, 0)
+            await this.updateAccountLastUsed(mappedAccount.accountId, mappedAccount.accountType)
            return mappedAccount
          } else {
            logger.warn(
@@ -321,12 +335,8 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
        }
      }

-      // 按最后使用时间排序（最久未使用的优先，与 Claude 保持一致）
-      const sortedAccounts = availableAccounts.sort((a, b) => {
-        const aLastUsed = new Date(a.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
-        const bLastUsed = new Date(b.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
-        return aLastUsed - bLastUsed // 最久未使用的优先
-      })
+      // 按优先级和最后使用时间排序（与 Claude/Gemini 调度保持一致）
+      const sortedAccounts = this._sortAccountsByPriority(availableAccounts)

      // 选择第一个账户
      const selectedAccount = sortedAccounts[0]
@@ -344,11 +354,11 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
      }

      logger.info(
-        `🎯 Selected account: ${selectedAccount.name} (${selectedAccount.accountId}, ${selectedAccount.accountType}) for API key ${apiKeyData.name}`
+        `🎯 Selected account: ${selectedAccount.name} (${selectedAccount.accountId}, ${selectedAccount.accountType}, priority: ${selectedAccount.priority || 50}) for API key ${apiKeyData.name}`
      )

      // 更新账户的最后使用时间
-      await openaiAccountService.recordUsage(selectedAccount.accountId, 0)
+      await this.updateAccountLastUsed(selectedAccount.accountId, selectedAccount.accountType)

      return {
        accountId: selectedAccount.accountId,
@@ -494,21 +504,6 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
    return availableAccounts
  }

-  // 🔢 按优先级和最后使用时间排序账户（已废弃，改为与 Claude 保持一致，只按最后使用时间排序）
-  // _sortAccountsByPriority(accounts) {
-  //   return accounts.sort((a, b) => {
-  //     // 首先按优先级排序（数字越小优先级越高）
-  //     if (a.priority !== b.priority) {
-  //       return a.priority - b.priority
-  //     }
-
-  //     // 优先级相同时，按最后使用时间排序（最久未使用的优先）
-  //     const aLastUsed = new Date(a.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
-  //     const bLastUsed = new Date(b.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
-  //     return aLastUsed - bLastUsed
-  //   })
-  // }
-
  // 🔍 检查账户是否可用
  async _isAccountAvailable(accountId, accountType) {
    try {
@@ -817,7 +812,7 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
                `🎯 Using sticky session account from group: ${mappedAccount.accountId} (${mappedAccount.accountType})`
              )
              // 更新账户的最后使用时间
-              await openaiAccountService.recordUsage(mappedAccount.accountId, 0)
+              await this.updateAccountLastUsed(mappedAccount.accountId, mappedAccount.accountType)
              return mappedAccount
            }
          }
@@ -909,12 +904,8 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
        throw error
      }

-      // 按最后使用时间排序（最久未使用的优先，与 Claude 保持一致）
-      const sortedAccounts = availableAccounts.sort((a, b) => {
-        const aLastUsed = new Date(a.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
-        const bLastUsed = new Date(b.lastUsedAt || 0).getTime()
-        return aLastUsed - bLastUsed // 最久未使用的优先
-      })
+      // 按优先级和最后使用时间排序（与 Claude/Gemini 调度保持一致）
+      const sortedAccounts = this._sortAccountsByPriority(availableAccounts)

      // 选择第一个账户
      const selectedAccount = sortedAccounts[0]
@@ -932,11 +923,11 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
      }

      logger.info(
-        `🎯 Selected account from group: ${selectedAccount.name} (${selectedAccount.accountId})`
+        `🎯 Selected account from group: ${selectedAccount.name} (${selectedAccount.accountId}, ${selectedAccount.accountType}, priority: ${selectedAccount.priority || 50})`
      )

      // 更新账户的最后使用时间
-      await openaiAccountService.recordUsage(selectedAccount.accountId, 0)
+      await this.updateAccountLastUsed(selectedAccount.accountId, selectedAccount.accountType)

      return {
        accountId: selectedAccount.accountId,
@@ -958,9 +949,12 @@ class UnifiedOpenAIScheduler {
  async updateAccountLastUsed(accountId, accountType) {
    try {
      if (accountType === 'openai') {
-        await openaiAccountService.updateAccount(accountId, {
-          lastUsedAt: new Date().toISOString()
-        })
+        await openaiAccountService.recordUsage(accountId, 0)
+        return
+      }
+
+      if (accountType === 'openai-responses') {
+        await openaiResponsesAccountService.recordUsage(accountId, 0)
      }
    } catch (error) {
      logger.warn(`⚠️ Failed to update last used time for account ${accountId}:`, error)
--- a/src/services/userMessageQueueService.js
+++ b/src/services/userMessageQueueService.js
@@ -121,12 +121,23 @@ class UserMessageQueueService {
   * @param {string} accountId - 账户ID
   * @param {string} requestId - 请求ID（可选，会自动生成）
   * @param {number} timeoutMs - 超时时间（可选，使用配置默认值）
+   * @param {Object} accountConfig - 账户级配置（可选），优先级高于全局配置
+   * @param {number} accountConfig.maxConcurrency - 账户级串行队列开关：>0启用，=0使用全局配置
   * @returns {Promise<{acquired: boolean, requestId: string, error?: string}>}
   */
-  async acquireQueueLock(accountId, requestId = null, timeoutMs = null) {
+  async acquireQueueLock(accountId, requestId = null, timeoutMs = null, accountConfig = null) {
    const cfg = await this.getConfig()

-    if (!cfg.enabled) {
+    // 账户级配置优先：maxConcurrency > 0 时强制启用，忽略全局开关
+    let queueEnabled = cfg.enabled
+    if (accountConfig && accountConfig.maxConcurrency > 0) {
+      queueEnabled = true
+      logger.debug(
+        `📬 User message queue: account-level queue enabled for account ${accountId} (maxConcurrency=${accountConfig.maxConcurrency})`
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (!queueEnabled) {
      return { acquired: true, requestId: requestId || uuidv4(), skipped: true }
    }

--- a/src/utils/anthropicRequestDump.js
+++ b/src/utils/anthropicRequestDump.js
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+const path = require('path')
+const logger = require('./logger')
+const { getProjectRoot } = require('./projectPaths')
+const { safeRotatingAppend } = require('./safeRotatingAppend')
+
+const REQUEST_DUMP_ENV = 'ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_REQUEST_DUMP'
+const REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV = 'ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES'
+const REQUEST_DUMP_FILENAME = 'anthropic-requests-dump.jsonl'
+
+function isEnabled() {
+  const raw = process.env[REQUEST_DUMP_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return raw === '1' || raw.toLowerCase() === 'true'
+}
+
+function getMaxBytes() {
+  const raw = process.env[REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  const parsed = Number.parseInt(raw, 10)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed <= 0) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  return parsed
+}
+
+function maskSecret(value) {
+  if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+    return value
+  }
+  const str = String(value)
+  if (str.length <= 8) {
+    return '***'
+  }
+  return `${str.slice(0, 4)}...${str.slice(-4)}`
+}
+
+function sanitizeHeaders(headers) {
+  const sensitive = new Set([
+    'authorization',
+    'proxy-authorization',
+    'x-api-key',
+    'cookie',
+    'set-cookie',
+    'x-forwarded-for',
+    'x-real-ip'
+  ])
+
+  const out = {}
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(headers || {})) {
+    const key = k.toLowerCase()
+    if (sensitive.has(key)) {
+      out[key] = maskSecret(v)
+      continue
+    }
+    out[key] = v
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+function safeJsonStringify(payload, maxBytes) {
+  let json = ''
+  try {
+    json = JSON.stringify(payload)
+  } catch (e) {
+    return JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'anthropic_request_dump_error',
+      error: 'JSON.stringify_failed',
+      message: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8') <= maxBytes) {
+    return json
+  }
+
+  const truncated = Buffer.from(json, 'utf8').subarray(0, maxBytes).toString('utf8')
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    type: 'anthropic_request_dump_truncated',
+    maxBytes,
+    originalBytes: Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8'),
+    partialJson: truncated
+  })
+}
+
+async function dumpAnthropicMessagesRequest(req, meta = {}) {
+  if (!isEnabled()) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const maxBytes = getMaxBytes()
+  const filename = path.join(getProjectRoot(), REQUEST_DUMP_FILENAME)
+
+  const record = {
+    ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+    requestId: req?.requestId || null,
+    method: req?.method || null,
+    url: req?.originalUrl || req?.url || null,
+    ip: req?.ip || null,
+    meta,
+    headers: sanitizeHeaders(req?.headers || {}),
+    body: req?.body || null
+  }
+
+  const line = `${safeJsonStringify(record, maxBytes)}\n`
+
+  try {
+    await safeRotatingAppend(filename, line)
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warn('Failed to dump Anthropic request', {
+      filename,
+      requestId: req?.requestId || null,
+      error: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  dumpAnthropicMessagesRequest,
+  REQUEST_DUMP_ENV,
+  REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV,
+  REQUEST_DUMP_FILENAME
+}
--- a/src/utils/anthropicResponseDump.js
+++ b/src/utils/anthropicResponseDump.js
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+const path = require('path')
+const logger = require('./logger')
+const { getProjectRoot } = require('./projectPaths')
+const { safeRotatingAppend } = require('./safeRotatingAppend')
+
+const RESPONSE_DUMP_ENV = 'ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_RESPONSE_DUMP'
+const RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV = 'ANTHROPIC_DEBUG_RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES'
+const RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME = 'anthropic-responses-dump.jsonl'
+
+function isEnabled() {
+  const raw = process.env[RESPONSE_DUMP_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return raw === '1' || raw.toLowerCase() === 'true'
+}
+
+function getMaxBytes() {
+  const raw = process.env[RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  const parsed = Number.parseInt(raw, 10)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed <= 0) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  return parsed
+}
+
+function safeJsonStringify(payload, maxBytes) {
+  let json = ''
+  try {
+    json = JSON.stringify(payload)
+  } catch (e) {
+    return JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'anthropic_response_dump_error',
+      error: 'JSON.stringify_failed',
+      message: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8') <= maxBytes) {
+    return json
+  }
+
+  const truncated = Buffer.from(json, 'utf8').subarray(0, maxBytes).toString('utf8')
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    type: 'anthropic_response_dump_truncated',
+    maxBytes,
+    originalBytes: Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8'),
+    partialJson: truncated
+  })
+}
+
+function summarizeAnthropicResponseBody(body) {
+  const content = Array.isArray(body?.content) ? body.content : []
+  const toolUses = content.filter((b) => b && b.type === 'tool_use')
+  const texts = content
+    .filter((b) => b && b.type === 'text' && typeof b.text === 'string')
+    .map((b) => b.text)
+    .join('')
+
+  return {
+    id: body?.id || null,
+    model: body?.model || null,
+    stop_reason: body?.stop_reason || null,
+    usage: body?.usage || null,
+    content_blocks: content.map((b) => (b ? b.type : null)).filter(Boolean),
+    tool_use_names: toolUses.map((b) => b.name).filter(Boolean),
+    text_preview: texts ? texts.slice(0, 800) : ''
+  }
+}
+
+async function dumpAnthropicResponse(req, responseInfo, meta = {}) {
+  if (!isEnabled()) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const maxBytes = getMaxBytes()
+  const filename = path.join(getProjectRoot(), RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME)
+
+  const record = {
+    ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+    requestId: req?.requestId || null,
+    url: req?.originalUrl || req?.url || null,
+    meta,
+    response: responseInfo
+  }
+
+  const line = `${safeJsonStringify(record, maxBytes)}\n`
+  try {
+    await safeRotatingAppend(filename, line)
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warn('Failed to dump Anthropic response', {
+      filename,
+      requestId: req?.requestId || null,
+      error: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+async function dumpAnthropicNonStreamResponse(req, statusCode, body, meta = {}) {
+  return dumpAnthropicResponse(
+    req,
+    { kind: 'non-stream', statusCode, summary: summarizeAnthropicResponseBody(body), body },
+    meta
+  )
+}
+
+async function dumpAnthropicStreamSummary(req, summary, meta = {}) {
+  return dumpAnthropicResponse(req, { kind: 'stream', summary }, meta)
+}
+
+async function dumpAnthropicStreamError(req, error, meta = {}) {
+  return dumpAnthropicResponse(req, { kind: 'stream-error', error }, meta)
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  dumpAnthropicNonStreamResponse,
+  dumpAnthropicStreamSummary,
+  dumpAnthropicStreamError,
+  RESPONSE_DUMP_ENV,
+  RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV,
+  RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME
+}
--- a/src/utils/antigravityModel.js
+++ b/src/utils/antigravityModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+const DEFAULT_ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL = 'gemini-2.5-flash'
+
+const UPSTREAM_TO_ALIAS = {
+  'rev19-uic3-1p': 'gemini-2.5-computer-use-preview-10-2025',
+  'gemini-3-pro-image': 'gemini-3-pro-image-preview',
+  'gemini-3-pro-high': 'gemini-3-pro-preview',
+  'gemini-3-flash': 'gemini-3-flash-preview',
+  'claude-sonnet-4-5': 'gemini-claude-sonnet-4-5',
+  'claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking': 'gemini-claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking',
+  'claude-opus-4-5-thinking': 'gemini-claude-opus-4-5-thinking',
+  chat_20706: '',
+  chat_23310: '',
+  'gemini-2.5-flash-thinking': '',
+  'gemini-3-pro-low': '',
+  'gemini-2.5-pro': ''
+}
+
+const ALIAS_TO_UPSTREAM = {
+  'gemini-2.5-computer-use-preview-10-2025': 'rev19-uic3-1p',
+  'gemini-3-pro-image-preview': 'gemini-3-pro-image',
+  'gemini-3-pro-preview': 'gemini-3-pro-high',
+  'gemini-3-flash-preview': 'gemini-3-flash',
+  'gemini-claude-sonnet-4-5': 'claude-sonnet-4-5',
+  'gemini-claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking': 'claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking',
+  'gemini-claude-opus-4-5-thinking': 'claude-opus-4-5-thinking'
+}
+
+const ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL_METADATA = {
+  'gemini-2.5-flash': {
+    thinking: { min: 0, max: 24576, zeroAllowed: true, dynamicAllowed: true },
+    name: 'models/gemini-2.5-flash'
+  },
+  'gemini-2.5-flash-lite': {
+    thinking: { min: 0, max: 24576, zeroAllowed: true, dynamicAllowed: true },
+    name: 'models/gemini-2.5-flash-lite'
+  },
+  'gemini-2.5-computer-use-preview-10-2025': {
+    name: 'models/gemini-2.5-computer-use-preview-10-2025'
+  },
+  'gemini-3-pro-preview': {
+    thinking: {
+      min: 128,
+      max: 32768,
+      zeroAllowed: false,
+      dynamicAllowed: true,
+      levels: ['low', 'high']
+    },
+    name: 'models/gemini-3-pro-preview'
+  },
+  'gemini-3-pro-image-preview': {
+    thinking: {
+      min: 128,
+      max: 32768,
+      zeroAllowed: false,
+      dynamicAllowed: true,
+      levels: ['low', 'high']
+    },
+    name: 'models/gemini-3-pro-image-preview'
+  },
+  'gemini-3-flash-preview': {
+    thinking: {
+      min: 128,
+      max: 32768,
+      zeroAllowed: false,
+      dynamicAllowed: true,
+      levels: ['minimal', 'low', 'medium', 'high']
+    },
+    name: 'models/gemini-3-flash-preview'
+  },
+  'gemini-claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking': {
+    thinking: { min: 1024, max: 200000, zeroAllowed: false, dynamicAllowed: true },
+    maxCompletionTokens: 64000
+  },
+  'gemini-claude-opus-4-5-thinking': {
+    thinking: { min: 1024, max: 200000, zeroAllowed: false, dynamicAllowed: true },
+    maxCompletionTokens: 64000
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeAntigravityModelInput(model, defaultModel = DEFAULT_ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL) {
+  if (!model) {
+    return defaultModel
+  }
+  return model.startsWith('models/') ? model.slice('models/'.length) : model
+}
+
+function getAntigravityModelAlias(modelName) {
+  const normalized = normalizeAntigravityModelInput(modelName)
+  if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(UPSTREAM_TO_ALIAS, normalized)) {
+    return UPSTREAM_TO_ALIAS[normalized]
+  }
+  return normalized
+}
+
+function getAntigravityModelMetadata(modelName) {
+  const normalized = normalizeAntigravityModelInput(modelName)
+  if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL_METADATA, normalized)) {
+    return ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL_METADATA[normalized]
+  }
+  if (normalized.startsWith('claude-')) {
+    const prefixed = `gemini-${normalized}`
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL_METADATA, prefixed)) {
+      return ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL_METADATA[prefixed]
+    }
+    const thinkingAlias = `${prefixed}-thinking`
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL_METADATA, thinkingAlias)) {
+      return ANTIGRAVITY_MODEL_METADATA[thinkingAlias]
+    }
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+function mapAntigravityUpstreamModel(model) {
+  const normalized = normalizeAntigravityModelInput(model)
+  let upstream = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(ALIAS_TO_UPSTREAM, normalized)
+    ? ALIAS_TO_UPSTREAM[normalized]
+    : normalized
+
+  if (upstream.startsWith('gemini-claude-')) {
+    upstream = upstream.replace(/^gemini-/, '')
+  }
+
+  const mapping = {
+    // Opus：上游更常见的是 thinking 变体（CLIProxyAPI 也按此处理）
+    'claude-opus-4-5': 'claude-opus-4-5-thinking',
+    // Gemini thinking 变体回退
+    'gemini-2.5-flash-thinking': 'gemini-2.5-flash'
+  }
+
+  return mapping[upstream] || upstream
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  normalizeAntigravityModelInput,
+  getAntigravityModelAlias,
+  getAntigravityModelMetadata,
+  mapAntigravityUpstreamModel
+}
--- a/src/utils/antigravityUpstreamDump.js
+++ b/src/utils/antigravityUpstreamDump.js
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+const path = require('path')
+const logger = require('./logger')
+const { getProjectRoot } = require('./projectPaths')
+const { safeRotatingAppend } = require('./safeRotatingAppend')
+
+const UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_ENV = 'ANTIGRAVITY_DEBUG_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP'
+const UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV = 'ANTIGRAVITY_DEBUG_UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES'
+const UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_FILENAME = 'antigravity-upstream-requests-dump.jsonl'
+
+function isEnabled() {
+  const raw = process.env[UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return false
+  }
+  const normalized = String(raw).trim().toLowerCase()
+  return normalized === '1' || normalized === 'true'
+}
+
+function getMaxBytes() {
+  const raw = process.env[UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  const parsed = Number.parseInt(raw, 10)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed <= 0) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  return parsed
+}
+
+function redact(value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    return value
+  }
+  const s = String(value)
+  if (s.length <= 10) {
+    return '***'
+  }
+  return `${s.slice(0, 3)}...${s.slice(-4)}`
+}
+
+function safeJsonStringify(payload, maxBytes) {
+  let json = ''
+  try {
+    json = JSON.stringify(payload)
+  } catch (e) {
+    return JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'antigravity_upstream_dump_error',
+      error: 'JSON.stringify_failed',
+      message: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8') <= maxBytes) {
+    return json
+  }
+
+  const truncated = Buffer.from(json, 'utf8').subarray(0, maxBytes).toString('utf8')
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    type: 'antigravity_upstream_dump_truncated',
+    maxBytes,
+    originalBytes: Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8'),
+    partialJson: truncated
+  })
+}
+
+async function dumpAntigravityUpstreamRequest(requestInfo) {
+  if (!isEnabled()) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const maxBytes = getMaxBytes()
+  const filename = path.join(getProjectRoot(), UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_FILENAME)
+
+  const record = {
+    ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+    type: 'antigravity_upstream_request',
+    requestId: requestInfo?.requestId || null,
+    model: requestInfo?.model || null,
+    stream: Boolean(requestInfo?.stream),
+    url: requestInfo?.url || null,
+    baseUrl: requestInfo?.baseUrl || null,
+    params: requestInfo?.params || null,
+    headers: requestInfo?.headers
+      ? {
+          Host: requestInfo.headers.Host || requestInfo.headers.host || null,
+          'User-Agent':
+            requestInfo.headers['User-Agent'] || requestInfo.headers['user-agent'] || null,
+          Authorization: (() => {
+            const raw = requestInfo.headers.Authorization || requestInfo.headers.authorization
+            if (!raw) {
+              return null
+            }
+            const value = String(raw)
+            const m = value.match(/^Bearer\\s+(.+)$/i)
+            const token = m ? m[1] : value
+            return `Bearer ${redact(token)}`
+          })()
+        }
+      : null,
+    envelope: requestInfo?.envelope || null
+  }
+
+  const line = `${safeJsonStringify(record, maxBytes)}\n`
+  try {
+    await safeRotatingAppend(filename, line)
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warn('Failed to dump Antigravity upstream request', {
+      filename,
+      requestId: requestInfo?.requestId || null,
+      error: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  dumpAntigravityUpstreamRequest,
+  UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_ENV,
+  UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV,
+  UPSTREAM_REQUEST_DUMP_FILENAME
+}
--- a/src/utils/antigravityUpstreamResponseDump.js
+++ b/src/utils/antigravityUpstreamResponseDump.js
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+const path = require('path')
+const logger = require('./logger')
+const { getProjectRoot } = require('./projectPaths')
+const { safeRotatingAppend } = require('./safeRotatingAppend')
+
+const UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_ENV = 'ANTIGRAVITY_DEBUG_UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP'
+const UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV = 'ANTIGRAVITY_DEBUG_UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES'
+const UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME = 'antigravity-upstream-responses-dump.jsonl'
+
+function isEnabled() {
+  const raw = process.env[UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return false
+  }
+  const normalized = String(raw).trim().toLowerCase()
+  return normalized === '1' || normalized === 'true'
+}
+
+function getMaxBytes() {
+  const raw = process.env[UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV]
+  if (!raw) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  const parsed = Number.parseInt(raw, 10)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed <= 0) {
+    return 2 * 1024 * 1024
+  }
+  return parsed
+}
+
+function safeJsonStringify(payload, maxBytes) {
+  let json = ''
+  try {
+    json = JSON.stringify(payload)
+  } catch (e) {
+    return JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'antigravity_upstream_response_dump_error',
+      error: 'JSON.stringify_failed',
+      message: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8') <= maxBytes) {
+    return json
+  }
+
+  const truncated = Buffer.from(json, 'utf8').subarray(0, maxBytes).toString('utf8')
+  return JSON.stringify({
+    type: 'antigravity_upstream_response_dump_truncated',
+    maxBytes,
+    originalBytes: Buffer.byteLength(json, 'utf8'),
+    partialJson: truncated
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * 记录 Antigravity 上游 API 的响应
+ * @param {Object} responseInfo - 响应信息
+ * @param {string} responseInfo.requestId - 请求 ID
+ * @param {string} responseInfo.model - 模型名称
+ * @param {number} responseInfo.statusCode - HTTP 状态码
+ * @param {string} responseInfo.statusText - HTTP 状态文本
+ * @param {Object} responseInfo.headers - 响应头
+ * @param {string} responseInfo.responseType - 响应类型 (stream/non-stream/error)
+ * @param {Object} responseInfo.summary - 响应摘要
+ * @param {Object} responseInfo.error - 错误信息（如果有）
+ */
+async function dumpAntigravityUpstreamResponse(responseInfo) {
+  if (!isEnabled()) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const maxBytes = getMaxBytes()
+  const filename = path.join(getProjectRoot(), UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME)
+
+  const record = {
+    ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+    type: 'antigravity_upstream_response',
+    requestId: responseInfo?.requestId || null,
+    model: responseInfo?.model || null,
+    statusCode: responseInfo?.statusCode || null,
+    statusText: responseInfo?.statusText || null,
+    responseType: responseInfo?.responseType || null,
+    headers: responseInfo?.headers || null,
+    summary: responseInfo?.summary || null,
+    error: responseInfo?.error || null,
+    rawData: responseInfo?.rawData || null
+  }
+
+  const line = `${safeJsonStringify(record, maxBytes)}\n`
+  try {
+    await safeRotatingAppend(filename, line)
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warn('Failed to dump Antigravity upstream response', {
+      filename,
+      requestId: responseInfo?.requestId || null,
+      error: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 记录 SSE 流中的每个事件（用于详细调试）
+ */
+async function dumpAntigravityStreamEvent(eventInfo) {
+  if (!isEnabled()) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const maxBytes = getMaxBytes()
+  const filename = path.join(getProjectRoot(), UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME)
+
+  const record = {
+    ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+    type: 'antigravity_stream_event',
+    requestId: eventInfo?.requestId || null,
+    eventIndex: eventInfo?.eventIndex || null,
+    eventType: eventInfo?.eventType || null,
+    data: eventInfo?.data || null
+  }
+
+  const line = `${safeJsonStringify(record, maxBytes)}\n`
+  try {
+    await safeRotatingAppend(filename, line)
+  } catch (e) {
+    // 静默处理，避免日志过多
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 记录流式响应的最终摘要
+ */
+async function dumpAntigravityStreamSummary(summaryInfo) {
+  if (!isEnabled()) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const maxBytes = getMaxBytes()
+  const filename = path.join(getProjectRoot(), UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME)
+
+  const record = {
+    ts: new Date().toISOString(),
+    type: 'antigravity_stream_summary',
+    requestId: summaryInfo?.requestId || null,
+    model: summaryInfo?.model || null,
+    totalEvents: summaryInfo?.totalEvents || 0,
+    finishReason: summaryInfo?.finishReason || null,
+    hasThinking: summaryInfo?.hasThinking || false,
+    hasToolCalls: summaryInfo?.hasToolCalls || false,
+    toolCallNames: summaryInfo?.toolCallNames || [],
+    usage: summaryInfo?.usage || null,
+    error: summaryInfo?.error || null,
+    textPreview: summaryInfo?.textPreview || null
+  }
+
+  const line = `${safeJsonStringify(record, maxBytes)}\n`
+  try {
+    await safeRotatingAppend(filename, line)
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warn('Failed to dump Antigravity stream summary', {
+      filename,
+      requestId: summaryInfo?.requestId || null,
+      error: e?.message || String(e)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  dumpAntigravityUpstreamResponse,
+  dumpAntigravityStreamEvent,
+  dumpAntigravityStreamSummary,
+  UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_ENV,
+  UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_MAX_BYTES_ENV,
+  UPSTREAM_RESPONSE_DUMP_FILENAME
+}
--- a/src/utils/errorSanitizer.js
+++ b/src/utils/errorSanitizer.js
@@ -55,16 +55,69 @@ function sanitizeUpstreamError(errorData) {
    return errorData
  }

-  // 深拷贝避免修改原始对象
-  const sanitized = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(errorData))
+  // AxiosError / Error：返回摘要，避免泄露请求体/headers/token 等敏感信息
+  const looksLikeAxiosError =
+    errorData.isAxiosError ||
+    (errorData.name === 'AxiosError' && (errorData.config || errorData.response))
+  const looksLikeError = errorData instanceof Error || typeof errorData.message === 'string'
+
+  if (looksLikeAxiosError || looksLikeError) {
+    const statusCode = errorData.response?.status
+    const upstreamBody = errorData.response?.data
+    const upstreamMessage = sanitizeErrorMessage(extractErrorMessage(upstreamBody) || '')
+
+    return {
+      name: errorData.name || 'Error',
+      code: errorData.code,
+      statusCode,
+      message: sanitizeErrorMessage(errorData.message || ''),
+      upstreamMessage: upstreamMessage || undefined,
+      upstreamType: upstreamBody?.error?.type || upstreamBody?.error?.status || undefined
+    }
+  }

  // 递归清理嵌套的错误对象
+  const visited = new WeakSet()
+
+  const shouldRedactKey = (key) => {
+    if (!key) {
+      return false
+    }
+    const lowerKey = String(key).toLowerCase()
+    return (
+      lowerKey === 'authorization' ||
+      lowerKey === 'cookie' ||
+      lowerKey.includes('api_key') ||
+      lowerKey.includes('apikey') ||
+      lowerKey.includes('access_token') ||
+      lowerKey.includes('refresh_token') ||
+      lowerKey.endsWith('token') ||
+      lowerKey.includes('secret') ||
+      lowerKey.includes('password')
+    )
+  }
+
  const sanitizeObject = (obj) => {
    if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {
      return obj
    }

+    if (visited.has(obj)) {
+      return '[Circular]'
+    }
+    visited.add(obj)
+
+    // 主动剔除常见“超大且敏感”的字段
+    if (obj.config || obj.request || obj.response) {
+      return '[Redacted]'
+    }
+
    for (const key in obj) {
+      if (shouldRedactKey(key)) {
+        obj[key] = '[REDACTED]'
+        continue
+      }
+
      // 清理所有字符串字段，不仅仅是 message
      if (typeof obj[key] === 'string') {
        obj[key] = sanitizeErrorMessage(obj[key])
@@ -76,7 +129,9 @@ function sanitizeUpstreamError(errorData) {
    return obj
  }

-  return sanitizeObject(sanitized)
+  // 尽量不修改原对象：浅拷贝后递归清理
+  const clone = Array.isArray(errorData) ? [...errorData] : { ...errorData }
+  return sanitizeObject(clone)
 }

 /**
--- a/src/utils/featureFlags.js
+++ b/src/utils/featureFlags.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+let config = {}
+try {
+  // config/config.js 可能在某些环境不存在（例如仅拷贝了 config.example.js）
+  // 为保证可运行，这里做容错处理
+  // eslint-disable-next-line global-require
+  config = require('../../config/config')
+} catch (error) {
+  config = {}
+}
+
+const parseBooleanEnv = (value) => {
+  if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
+    return value
+  }
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+    return false
+  }
+  const normalized = value.trim().toLowerCase()
+  return normalized === 'true' || normalized === '1' || normalized === 'yes' || normalized === 'on'
+}
+
+/**
+ * 是否允许执行"余额脚本"（安全开关）
+ * ⚠️ 安全警告：vm模块非安全沙箱，默认禁用。如需启用请显式设置 BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED=true
+ * 仅在完全信任管理员且了解RCE风险时才启用此功能
+ */
+const isBalanceScriptEnabled = () => {
+  if (
+    process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED !== undefined &&
+    process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED !== ''
+  ) {
+    return parseBooleanEnv(process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED)
+  }
+
+  const fromConfig =
+    config?.accountBalance?.enableBalanceScript ??
+    config?.features?.balanceScriptEnabled ??
+    config?.security?.enableBalanceScript
+
+  // 默认禁用，需显式启用
+  return typeof fromConfig === 'boolean' ? fromConfig : false
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  isBalanceScriptEnabled
+}
--- a/src/utils/geminiSchemaCleaner.js
+++ b/src/utils/geminiSchemaCleaner.js
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+function appendHint(description, hint) {
+  if (!hint) {
+    return description || ''
+  }
+  if (!description) {
+    return hint
+  }
+  return `${description} (${hint})`
+}
+
+function getRefHint(refValue) {
+  const ref = String(refValue || '')
+  if (!ref) {
+    return ''
+  }
+  const idx = ref.lastIndexOf('/')
+  const name = idx >= 0 ? ref.slice(idx + 1) : ref
+  return name ? `See: ${name}` : ''
+}
+
+function normalizeType(typeValue) {
+  if (typeof typeValue === 'string' && typeValue) {
+    return { type: typeValue, hint: '' }
+  }
+  if (!Array.isArray(typeValue) || typeValue.length === 0) {
+    return { type: '', hint: '' }
+  }
+  const raw = typeValue.map((t) => (t === null || t === undefined ? '' : String(t))).filter(Boolean)
+  const hasNull = raw.includes('null')
+  const nonNull = raw.filter((t) => t !== 'null')
+  const primary = nonNull[0] || 'string'
+  const hintParts = []
+  if (nonNull.length > 1) {
+    hintParts.push(`Accepts: ${nonNull.join(' | ')}`)
+  }
+  if (hasNull) {
+    hintParts.push('nullable')
+  }
+  return { type: primary, hint: hintParts.join('; ') }
+}
+
+const CONSTRAINT_KEYS = [
+  'minLength',
+  'maxLength',
+  'exclusiveMinimum',
+  'exclusiveMaximum',
+  'pattern',
+  'minItems',
+  'maxItems'
+]
+
+function scoreSchema(schema) {
+  if (!schema || typeof schema !== 'object') {
+    return { score: 0, type: '' }
+  }
+  const t = typeof schema.type === 'string' ? schema.type : ''
+  if (t === 'object' || (schema.properties && typeof schema.properties === 'object')) {
+    return { score: 3, type: t || 'object' }
+  }
+  if (t === 'array' || schema.items) {
+    return { score: 2, type: t || 'array' }
+  }
+  if (t && t !== 'null') {
+    return { score: 1, type: t }
+  }
+  return { score: 0, type: t || 'null' }
+}
+
+function pickBestFromAlternatives(alternatives) {
+  let bestIndex = 0
+  let bestScore = -1
+  const types = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < alternatives.length; i += 1) {
+    const alt = alternatives[i]
+    const { score, type } = scoreSchema(alt)
+    if (type) {
+      types.push(type)
+    }
+    if (score > bestScore) {
+      bestScore = score
+      bestIndex = i
+    }
+  }
+  return { best: alternatives[bestIndex], types: Array.from(new Set(types)).filter(Boolean) }
+}
+
+function cleanJsonSchemaForGemini(schema) {
+  if (schema === null || schema === undefined) {
+    return { type: 'object', properties: {} }
+  }
+  if (typeof schema !== 'object') {
+    return { type: 'object', properties: {} }
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(schema)) {
+    return { type: 'object', properties: {} }
+  }
+
+  // $ref：Gemini/Antigravity 不支持，转换为 hint
+  if (typeof schema.$ref === 'string' && schema.$ref) {
+    return {
+      type: 'object',
+      description: appendHint(schema.description || '', getRefHint(schema.$ref)),
+      properties: {}
+    }
+  }
+
+  // anyOf / oneOf：选择最可能的 schema，保留类型提示
+  const anyOf = Array.isArray(schema.anyOf) ? schema.anyOf : null
+  const oneOf = Array.isArray(schema.oneOf) ? schema.oneOf : null
+  const alts = anyOf && anyOf.length ? anyOf : oneOf && oneOf.length ? oneOf : null
+  if (alts) {
+    const { best, types } = pickBestFromAlternatives(alts)
+    const cleaned = cleanJsonSchemaForGemini(best)
+    const mergedDescription = appendHint(cleaned.description || '', schema.description || '')
+    const typeHint = types.length > 1 ? `Accepts: ${types.join(' || ')}` : ''
+    return {
+      ...cleaned,
+      description: appendHint(mergedDescription, typeHint)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // allOf：合并 properties/required
+  if (Array.isArray(schema.allOf) && schema.allOf.length) {
+    const merged = {}
+    let mergedDesc = schema.description || ''
+    const mergedReq = new Set()
+    const mergedProps = {}
+    for (const item of schema.allOf) {
+      const cleaned = cleanJsonSchemaForGemini(item)
+      if (cleaned.description) {
+        mergedDesc = appendHint(mergedDesc, cleaned.description)
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(cleaned.required)) {
+        for (const r of cleaned.required) {
+          if (typeof r === 'string' && r) {
+            mergedReq.add(r)
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (cleaned.properties && typeof cleaned.properties === 'object') {
+        Object.assign(mergedProps, cleaned.properties)
+      }
+      if (cleaned.type && !merged.type) {
+        merged.type = cleaned.type
+      }
+      if (cleaned.items && !merged.items) {
+        merged.items = cleaned.items
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(cleaned.enum) && !merged.enum) {
+        merged.enum = cleaned.enum
+      }
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(mergedProps).length) {
+      merged.type = merged.type || 'object'
+      merged.properties = mergedProps
+      const req = Array.from(mergedReq).filter((r) => mergedProps[r])
+      if (req.length) {
+        merged.required = req
+      }
+    }
+    if (mergedDesc) {
+      merged.description = mergedDesc
+    }
+    return cleanJsonSchemaForGemini(merged)
+  }
+
+  const result = {}
+  const constraintHints = []
+
+  // description
+  if (typeof schema.description === 'string') {
+    result.description = schema.description
+  }
+
+  for (const key of CONSTRAINT_KEYS) {
+    const value = schema[key]
+    if (value === undefined || value === null || typeof value === 'object') {
+      continue
+    }
+    constraintHints.push(`${key}: ${value}`)
+  }
+
+  // const -> enum
+  if (schema.const !== undefined && !Array.isArray(schema.enum)) {
+    result.enum = [schema.const]
+  }
+
+  // enum
+  if (Array.isArray(schema.enum)) {
+    const en = schema.enum.filter(
+      (v) => typeof v === 'string' || typeof v === 'number' || typeof v === 'boolean'
+    )
+    if (en.length) {
+      result.enum = en
+    }
+  }
+
+  // type（flatten 数组 type）
+  const { type: normalizedType, hint: typeHint } = normalizeType(schema.type)
+  if (normalizedType) {
+    result.type = normalizedType
+  }
+  if (typeHint) {
+    result.description = appendHint(result.description || '', typeHint)
+  }
+
+  if (result.enum && result.enum.length > 1 && result.enum.length <= 10) {
+    const list = result.enum.map((item) => String(item)).join(', ')
+    result.description = appendHint(result.description || '', `Allowed: ${list}`)
+  }
+
+  if (constraintHints.length) {
+    result.description = appendHint(result.description || '', constraintHints.join(', '))
+  }
+
+  // additionalProperties：Gemini/Antigravity 不接受布尔值，直接删除并用 hint 记录
+  if (schema.additionalProperties === false) {
+    result.description = appendHint(result.description || '', 'No extra properties allowed')
+  }
+
+  // properties
+  if (
+    schema.properties &&
+    typeof schema.properties === 'object' &&
+    !Array.isArray(schema.properties)
+  ) {
+    const props = {}
+    for (const [name, propSchema] of Object.entries(schema.properties)) {
+      props[name] = cleanJsonSchemaForGemini(propSchema)
+    }
+    result.type = result.type || 'object'
+    result.properties = props
+  }
+
+  // items
+  if (schema.items !== undefined) {
+    result.type = result.type || 'array'
+    result.items = cleanJsonSchemaForGemini(schema.items)
+  }
+
+  // required（最后再清理无效字段）
+  if (Array.isArray(schema.required) && result.properties) {
+    const req = schema.required.filter(
+      (r) =>
+        typeof r === 'string' && r && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(result.properties, r)
+    )
+    if (req.length) {
+      result.required = req
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 只保留 Gemini 兼容字段：其他（$schema/$id/$defs/definitions/format/constraints/pattern...）一律丢弃
+
+  if (!result.type) {
+    result.type = result.properties ? 'object' : result.items ? 'array' : 'object'
+  }
+  if (result.type === 'object' && !result.properties) {
+    result.properties = {}
+  }
+  return result
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  cleanJsonSchemaForGemini
+}
--- a/src/utils/modelHelper.js
+++ b/src/utils/modelHelper.js
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 * Supports parsing model strings like "ccr,model_name" to extract vendor type and base model.
 */

+// 仅保留原仓库既有的模型前缀：CCR 路由
+// Gemini/Antigravity 采用“路径分流”，避免在 model 字段里混入 vendor 前缀造成混乱
+const SUPPORTED_VENDOR_PREFIXES = ['ccr']
+
 /**
 * Parse vendor-prefixed model string
 * @param {string} modelStr - Model string, potentially with vendor prefix (e.g., "ccr,gemini-2.5-pro")
@@ -19,16 +23,21 @@ function parseVendorPrefixedModel(modelStr) {
  const trimmed = modelStr.trim()
  const lowerTrimmed = trimmed.toLowerCase()

-  // Check for ccr prefix (case insensitive)
-  if (lowerTrimmed.startsWith('ccr,')) {
+  for (const vendorPrefix of SUPPORTED_VENDOR_PREFIXES) {
+    if (!lowerTrimmed.startsWith(`${vendorPrefix},`)) {
+      continue
+    }
+
    const parts = trimmed.split(',')
-    if (parts.length >= 2) {
-      // Extract base model (everything after the first comma, rejoined in case model name contains commas)
-      const baseModel = parts.slice(1).join(',').trim()
-      return {
-        vendor: 'ccr',
-        baseModel
-      }
+    if (parts.length < 2) {
+      break
+    }
+
+    // Extract base model (everything after the first comma, rejoined in case model name contains commas)
+    const baseModel = parts.slice(1).join(',').trim()
+    return {
+      vendor: vendorPrefix,
+      baseModel
    }
  }

--- a/src/utils/projectPaths.js
+++ b/src/utils/projectPaths.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+const path = require('path')
+
+// 该文件位于 src/utils 下，向上两级即项目根目录。
+function getProjectRoot() {
+  return path.resolve(__dirname, '..', '..')
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  getProjectRoot
+}
--- a/src/utils/safeRotatingAppend.js
+++ b/src/utils/safeRotatingAppend.js
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * ============================================================================
+ * 安全 JSONL 追加工具（带文件大小限制与自动轮转）
+ * ============================================================================
+ *
+ * 用于所有调试 Dump 模块，避免日志文件无限增长导致 I/O 拥塞。
+ *
+ * 策略：
+ * - 每次写入前检查目标文件大小
+ * - 超过阈值时，将现有文件重命名为 .bak（覆盖旧 .bak）
+ * - 然后写入新文件
+ */
+
+const fs = require('fs/promises')
+const logger = require('./logger')
+
+// 默认文件大小上限：10MB
+const DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+const MAX_FILE_SIZE_ENV = 'DUMP_MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES'
+
+/**
+ * 获取文件大小上限（可通过环境变量覆盖）
+ */
+function getMaxFileSize() {
+  const raw = process.env[MAX_FILE_SIZE_ENV]
+  if (raw) {
+    const parsed = Number.parseInt(raw, 10)
+    if (Number.isFinite(parsed) && parsed > 0) {
+      return parsed
+    }
+  }
+  return DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取文件大小，文件不存在时返回 0
+ */
+async function getFileSize(filepath) {
+  try {
+    const stat = await fs.stat(filepath)
+    return stat.size
+  } catch (e) {
+    // 文件不存在或无法读取
+    return 0
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 安全追加写入 JSONL 文件，支持自动轮转
+ *
+ * @param {string} filepath - 目标文件绝对路径
+ * @param {string} line - 要写入的单行（应以 \n 结尾）
+ * @param {Object} options - 可选配置
+ * @param {number} options.maxFileSize - 文件大小上限（字节），默认从环境变量或 10MB
+ */
+async function safeRotatingAppend(filepath, line, options = {}) {
+  const maxFileSize = options.maxFileSize || getMaxFileSize()
+
+  const currentSize = await getFileSize(filepath)
+
+  // 如果当前文件已达到或超过阈值，轮转
+  if (currentSize >= maxFileSize) {
+    const backupPath = `${filepath}.bak`
+    try {
+      // 先删除旧备份（如果存在）
+      await fs.unlink(backupPath).catch(() => {})
+      // 重命名当前文件为备份
+      await fs.rename(filepath, backupPath)
+    } catch (renameErr) {
+      // 轮转失败时记录警告日志，继续写入原文件
+      logger.warn('⚠️ Log rotation failed, continuing to write to original file', {
+        filepath,
+        backupPath,
+        error: renameErr?.message || String(renameErr)
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 追加写入
+  await fs.appendFile(filepath, line, { encoding: 'utf8' })
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  safeRotatingAppend,
+  getMaxFileSize,
+  MAX_FILE_SIZE_ENV,
+  DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES
+}
--- a/src/utils/signatureCache.js
+++ b/src/utils/signatureCache.js
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/**
+ * Signature Cache - 签名缓存模块
+ *
+ * 用于缓存 Antigravity thinking block 的 thoughtSignature。
+ * Claude Code 客户端可能剥离非标准字段，导致多轮对话时签名丢失。
+ * 此模块按 sessionId + thinkingText 存储签名，便于后续请求恢复。
+ *
+ * 参考实现：
+ * - CLIProxyAPI: internal/cache/signature_cache.go
+ * - antigravity-claude-proxy: src/format/signature-cache.js
+ */
+
+const crypto = require('crypto')
+const logger = require('./logger')
+
+// 配置常量
+const SIGNATURE_CACHE_TTL_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000 // 1 小时（同 CLIProxyAPI）
+const MAX_ENTRIES_PER_SESSION = 100 // 每会话最大缓存条目
+const MIN_SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 50 // 最小有效签名长度
+const TEXT_HASH_LENGTH = 16 // 文本哈希长度（SHA256 前 16 位）
+
+// 主缓存：sessionId -> Map<textHash, { signature, timestamp }>
+const signatureCache = new Map()
+
+/**
+ * 生成文本内容的稳定哈希值
+ * @param {string} text - 待哈希的文本
+ * @returns {string} 16 字符的十六进制哈希
+ */
+function hashText(text) {
+  if (!text || typeof text !== 'string') {
+    return ''
+  }
+  const hash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(text).digest('hex')
+  return hash.slice(0, TEXT_HASH_LENGTH)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取或创建会话缓存
+ * @param {string} sessionId - 会话 ID
+ * @returns {Map} 会话的签名缓存 Map
+ */
+function getOrCreateSessionCache(sessionId) {
+  if (!signatureCache.has(sessionId)) {
+    signatureCache.set(sessionId, new Map())
+  }
+  return signatureCache.get(sessionId)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检查签名是否有效
+ * @param {string} signature - 待检查的签名
+ * @returns {boolean} 签名是否有效
+ */
+function isValidSignature(signature) {
+  return typeof signature === 'string' && signature.length >= MIN_SIGNATURE_LENGTH
+}
+
+/**
+ * 缓存 thinking 签名
+ * @param {string} sessionId - 会话 ID
+ * @param {string} thinkingText - thinking 内容文本
+ * @param {string} signature - thoughtSignature
+ */
+function cacheSignature(sessionId, thinkingText, signature) {
+  if (!sessionId || !thinkingText || !signature) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  if (!isValidSignature(signature)) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const sessionCache = getOrCreateSessionCache(sessionId)
+  const textHash = hashText(thinkingText)
+
+  if (!textHash) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  // 淘汰策略：超过限制时删除最老的 1/4 条目
+  if (sessionCache.size >= MAX_ENTRIES_PER_SESSION) {
+    const entries = Array.from(sessionCache.entries())
+    entries.sort((a, b) => a[1].timestamp - b[1].timestamp)
+    const toRemove = Math.max(1, Math.floor(entries.length / 4))
+    for (let i = 0; i < toRemove; i++) {
+      sessionCache.delete(entries[i][0])
+    }
+    logger.debug(
+      `[SignatureCache] Evicted ${toRemove} old entries for session ${sessionId.slice(0, 8)}...`
+    )
+  }
+
+  sessionCache.set(textHash, {
+    signature,
+    timestamp: Date.now()
+  })
+
+  logger.debug(
+    `[SignatureCache] Cached signature for session ${sessionId.slice(0, 8)}..., hash ${textHash}`
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取缓存的签名
+ * @param {string} sessionId - 会话 ID
+ * @param {string} thinkingText - thinking 内容文本
+ * @returns {string|null} 缓存的签名，未找到或过期则返回 null
+ */
+function getCachedSignature(sessionId, thinkingText) {
+  if (!sessionId || !thinkingText) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const sessionCache = signatureCache.get(sessionId)
+  if (!sessionCache) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const textHash = hashText(thinkingText)
+  if (!textHash) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const entry = sessionCache.get(textHash)
+  if (!entry) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  // 检查是否过期
+  if (Date.now() - entry.timestamp > SIGNATURE_CACHE_TTL_MS) {
+    sessionCache.delete(textHash)
+    logger.debug(`[SignatureCache] Entry expired for hash ${textHash}`)
+    return null
+  }
+
+  logger.debug(
+    `[SignatureCache] Cache hit for session ${sessionId.slice(0, 8)}..., hash ${textHash}`
+  )
+  return entry.signature
+}
+
+/**
+ * 清除会话缓存
+ * @param {string} sessionId - 要清除的会话 ID，为空则清除全部
+ */
+function clearSignatureCache(sessionId = null) {
+  if (sessionId) {
+    signatureCache.delete(sessionId)
+    logger.debug(`[SignatureCache] Cleared cache for session ${sessionId.slice(0, 8)}...`)
+  } else {
+    signatureCache.clear()
+    logger.debug('[SignatureCache] Cleared all caches')
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取缓存统计信息（调试用）
+ * @returns {Object} { sessionCount, totalEntries }
+ */
+function getCacheStats() {
+  let totalEntries = 0
+  for (const sessionCache of signatureCache.values()) {
+    totalEntries += sessionCache.size
+  }
+  return {
+    sessionCount: signatureCache.size,
+    totalEntries
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  cacheSignature,
+  getCachedSignature,
+  clearSignatureCache,
+  getCacheStats,
+  isValidSignature,
+  // 内部函数导出（用于测试或扩展）
+  hashText,
+  MIN_SIGNATURE_LENGTH,
+  MAX_ENTRIES_PER_SESSION,
+  SIGNATURE_CACHE_TTL_MS
+}
--- a/src/utils/statsHelper.js
+++ b/src/utils/statsHelper.js
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+ * 统计计算工具函数
+ * 提供百分位数计算、等待时间统计等通用统计功能
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 计算百分位数（使用 nearest-rank 方法）
+ * @param {number[]} sortedArray - 已排序的数组（升序）
+ * @param {number} percentile - 百分位数 (0-100)
+ * @returns {number} 百分位值
+ *
+ * 边界情况说明：
+ * - percentile=0: 返回最小值 (index=0)
+ * - percentile=100: 返回最大值 (index=len-1)
+ * - percentile=50 且 len=2: 返回第一个元素（nearest-rank 向下取）
+ *
+ * 算法说明（nearest-rank 方法）：
+ * - index = ceil(percentile / 100 * len) - 1
+ * - 示例：len=100, P50 → ceil(50) - 1 = 49（第50个元素，0-indexed）
+ * - 示例：len=100, P99 → ceil(99) - 1 = 98（第99个元素）
+ */
+function getPercentile(sortedArray, percentile) {
+  const len = sortedArray.length
+  if (len === 0) {
+    return 0
+  }
+  if (len === 1) {
+    return sortedArray[0]
+  }
+
+  // 边界处理：percentile <= 0 返回最小值
+  if (percentile <= 0) {
+    return sortedArray[0]
+  }
+  // 边界处理：percentile >= 100 返回最大值
+  if (percentile >= 100) {
+    return sortedArray[len - 1]
+  }
+
+  const index = Math.ceil((percentile / 100) * len) - 1
+  return sortedArray[index]
+}
+
+/**
+ * 计算等待时间分布统计
+ * @param {number[]} waitTimes - 等待时间数组（无需预先排序）
+ * @returns {Object|null} 统计对象，空数组返回 null
+ *
+ * 返回对象包含：
+ * - sampleCount: 样本数量（始终包含，便于调用方判断可靠性）
+ * - count: 样本数量（向后兼容）
+ * - min: 最小值
+ * - max: 最大值
+ * - avg: 平均值（四舍五入）
+ * - p50: 50百分位数（中位数）
+ * - p90: 90百分位数
+ * - p99: 99百分位数
+ * - sampleSizeWarning: 样本量不足时的警告信息（样本 < 10）
+ * - p90Unreliable: P90 统计不可靠标记（样本 < 10）
+ * - p99Unreliable: P99 统计不可靠标记（样本 < 100）
+ *
+ * 可靠性标记说明（详见 design.md Decision 6）：
+ * - 样本 < 10: P90 和 P99 都不可靠
+ * - 样本 < 100: P99 不可靠（P90 需要 10 个样本，P99 需要 100 个样本）
+ * - 即使标记为不可靠，仍返回计算值供参考
+ */
+function calculateWaitTimeStats(waitTimes) {
+  if (!waitTimes || waitTimes.length === 0) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const sorted = [...waitTimes].sort((a, b) => a - b)
+  const sum = sorted.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+  const len = sorted.length
+
+  const stats = {
+    sampleCount: len, // 新增：始终包含样本数
+    count: len, // 向后兼容
+    min: sorted[0],
+    max: sorted[len - 1],
+    avg: Math.round(sum / len),
+    p50: getPercentile(sorted, 50),
+    p90: getPercentile(sorted, 90),
+    p99: getPercentile(sorted, 99)
+  }
+
+  // 渐进式可靠性标记（详见 design.md Decision 6）
+  // 样本 < 10: P90 不可靠（P90 至少需要 ceil(100/10) = 10 个样本）
+  if (len < 10) {
+    stats.sampleSizeWarning = 'Results may be inaccurate due to small sample size'
+    stats.p90Unreliable = true
+  }
+
+  // 样本 < 100: P99 不可靠（P99 至少需要 ceil(100/1) = 100 个样本）
+  if (len < 100) {
+    stats.p99Unreliable = true
+  }
+
+  return stats
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  getPercentile,
+  calculateWaitTimeStats
+}
--- a/src/utils/streamHelper.js
+++ b/src/utils/streamHelper.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Stream Helper Utilities
+ * 流处理辅助工具函数
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 检查响应流是否仍然可写（客户端连接是否有效）
+ * @param {import('http').ServerResponse} stream - HTTP响应流
+ * @returns {boolean} 如果流可写返回true，否则返回false
+ */
+function isStreamWritable(stream) {
+  if (!stream) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // 检查流是否已销毁
+  if (stream.destroyed) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // 检查底层socket是否已销毁
+  if (stream.socket?.destroyed) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // 检查流是否已结束写入
+  if (stream.writableEnded) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  isStreamWritable
+}
--- a/src/utils/warmupInterceptor.js
+++ b/src/utils/warmupInterceptor.js
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+'use strict'
+
+const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid')
+
+/**
+ * 预热请求拦截器
+ * 检测并拦截低价值请求（标题生成、Warmup等），直接返回模拟响应
+ */
+
+/**
+ * 检测是否为预热请求
+ * @param {Object} body - 请求体
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function isWarmupRequest(body) {
+  if (!body) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // 检查 messages
+  if (body.messages && Array.isArray(body.messages)) {
+    for (const msg of body.messages) {
+      // 处理 content 为数组的情况
+      if (Array.isArray(msg.content)) {
+        for (const content of msg.content) {
+          if (content.type === 'text' && typeof content.text === 'string') {
+            if (isTitleOrWarmupText(content.text)) {
+              return true
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // 处理 content 为字符串的情况
+      if (typeof msg.content === 'string') {
+        if (isTitleOrWarmupText(msg.content)) {
+          return true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 检查 system prompt
+  if (body.system) {
+    const systemText = extractSystemText(body.system)
+    if (isTitleExtractionSystemPrompt(systemText)) {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检查文本是否为标题生成或Warmup请求
+ */
+function isTitleOrWarmupText(text) {
+  if (!text) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return (
+    text.includes('Please write a 5-10 word title for the following conversation:') ||
+    text === 'Warmup'
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检查system prompt是否为标题提取类型
+ */
+function isTitleExtractionSystemPrompt(systemText) {
+  if (!systemText) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return systemText.includes(
+    'nalyze if this message indicates a new conversation topic. If it does, extract a 2-3 word title'
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从system字段提取文本
+ */
+function extractSystemText(system) {
+  if (typeof system === 'string') {
+    return system
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(system)) {
+    return system.map((s) => (typeof s === 'object' ? s.text || '' : String(s))).join('')
+  }
+  return ''
+}
+
+/**
+ * 生成模拟的非流式响应
+ * @param {string} model - 模型名称
+ * @returns {Object}
+ */
+function buildMockWarmupResponse(model) {
+  return {
+    id: `msg_warmup_${uuidv4().replace(/-/g, '').slice(0, 20)}`,
+    type: 'message',
+    role: 'assistant',
+    content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'New Conversation' }],
+    model: model || 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022',
+    stop_reason: 'end_turn',
+    stop_sequence: null,
+    usage: {
+      input_tokens: 10,
+      output_tokens: 2
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 发送模拟的流式响应
+ * @param {Object} res - Express response对象
+ * @param {string} model - 模型名称
+ */
+function sendMockWarmupStream(res, model) {
+  const effectiveModel = model || 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022'
+  const messageId = `msg_warmup_${uuidv4().replace(/-/g, '').slice(0, 20)}`
+
+  const events = [
+    {
+      event: 'message_start',
+      data: {
+        message: {
+          content: [],
+          id: messageId,
+          model: effectiveModel,
+          role: 'assistant',
+          stop_reason: null,
+          stop_sequence: null,
+          type: 'message',
+          usage: { input_tokens: 10, output_tokens: 0 }
+        },
+        type: 'message_start'
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      event: 'content_block_start',
+      data: {
+        content_block: { text: '', type: 'text' },
+        index: 0,
+        type: 'content_block_start'
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      event: 'content_block_delta',
+      data: {
+        delta: { text: 'New', type: 'text_delta' },
+        index: 0,
+        type: 'content_block_delta'
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      event: 'content_block_delta',
+      data: {
+        delta: { text: ' Conversation', type: 'text_delta' },
+        index: 0,
+        type: 'content_block_delta'
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      event: 'content_block_stop',
+      data: { index: 0, type: 'content_block_stop' }
+    },
+    {
+      event: 'message_delta',
+      data: {
+        delta: { stop_reason: 'end_turn', stop_sequence: null },
+        type: 'message_delta',
+        usage: { input_tokens: 10, output_tokens: 2 }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      event: 'message_stop',
+      data: { type: 'message_stop' }
+    }
+  ]
+
+  let index = 0
+  const sendNext = () => {
+    if (index >= events.length) {
+      res.end()
+      return
+    }
+
+    const { event, data } = events[index]
+    res.write(`event: ${event}\ndata: ${JSON.stringify(data)}\n\n`)
+    index++
+
+    // 模拟网络延迟
+    setTimeout(sendNext, 20)
+  }
+
+  sendNext()
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  isWarmupRequest,
+  buildMockWarmupResponse,
+  sendMockWarmupStream
+}
--- a/src/validators/clients/claudeCodeValidator.js
+++ b/src/validators/clients/claudeCodeValidator.js
@@ -62,12 +62,17 @@ class ClaudeCodeValidator {

    for (const entry of systemEntries) {
      const rawText = typeof entry?.text === 'string' ? entry.text : ''
-      const { bestScore } = bestSimilarityByTemplates(rawText)
+      const { bestScore, templateId, maskedRaw } = bestSimilarityByTemplates(rawText)
      if (bestScore < threshold) {
        logger.error(
          `Claude system prompt similarity below threshold: score=${bestScore.toFixed(4)}, threshold=${threshold}`
        )
-        logger.warn(`Claude system prompt detail: ${rawText}`)
+        const preview = typeof maskedRaw === 'string' ? maskedRaw.slice(0, 200) : ''
+        logger.warn(
+          `Claude system prompt detail: templateId=${templateId || 'unknown'}, preview=${preview}${
+            maskedRaw && maskedRaw.length > 200 ? '…' : ''
+          }`
+        )
        return false
      }
    }
--- a/src/validators/clients/codexCliValidator.js
+++ b/src/validators/clients/codexCliValidator.js
@@ -125,8 +125,12 @@ class CodexCliValidator {
      const part1 = parts1[i] || 0
      const part2 = parts2[i] || 0

-      if (part1 < part2) return -1
-      if (part1 > part2) return 1
+      if (part1 < part2) {
+        return -1
+      }
+      if (part1 > part2) {
+        return 1
+      }
    }

    return 0
--- a/src/validators/clients/geminiCliValidator.js
+++ b/src/validators/clients/geminiCliValidator.js
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class GeminiCliValidator {
      // 2. 对于 /gemini 路径，检查是否包含 generateContent
      if (path.includes('generateContent')) {
        // 包含 generateContent 的路径需要验证 User-Agent
-        const geminiCliPattern = /^GeminiCLI\/v?[\d\.]+/i
+        const geminiCliPattern = /^GeminiCLI\/v?[\d.]+/i
        if (!geminiCliPattern.test(userAgent)) {
          logger.debug(
            `Gemini CLI validation failed - UA mismatch for generateContent: ${userAgent}`
@@ -84,8 +84,12 @@ class GeminiCliValidator {
      const part1 = parts1[i] || 0
      const part2 = parts2[i] || 0

-      if (part1 < part2) return -1
-      if (part1 > part2) return 1
+      if (part1 < part2) {
+        return -1
+      }
+      if (part1 > part2) {
+        return 1
+      }
    }

    return 0
--- a/tests/accountBalanceService.test.js
+++ b/tests/accountBalanceService.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// Mock logger，避免测试输出污染控制台
+jest.mock('../src/utils/logger', () => ({
+  debug: jest.fn(),
+  info: jest.fn(),
+  warn: jest.fn(),
+  error: jest.fn()
+}))
+
+const accountBalanceServiceModule = require('../src/services/accountBalanceService')
+
+const { AccountBalanceService } = accountBalanceServiceModule
+
+describe('AccountBalanceService', () => {
+  const originalBalanceScriptEnabled = process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (originalBalanceScriptEnabled === undefined) {
+      delete process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED
+    } else {
+      process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED = originalBalanceScriptEnabled
+    }
+  })
+
+  const mockLogger = {
+    debug: jest.fn(),
+    info: jest.fn(),
+    warn: jest.fn(),
+    error: jest.fn()
+  }
+
+  const buildMockRedis = () => ({
+    getLocalBalance: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+    setLocalBalance: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    getAccountBalance: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+    setAccountBalance: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    deleteAccountBalance: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    getBalanceScriptConfig: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+    getAccountUsageStats: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      total: { requests: 10 },
+      daily: { requests: 2, cost: 20 },
+      monthly: { requests: 5 }
+    }),
+    getDateInTimezone: (date) => new Date(date.getTime() + 8 * 3600 * 1000)
+  })
+
+  it('should normalize platform aliases', () => {
+    const service = new AccountBalanceService({ redis: buildMockRedis(), logger: mockLogger })
+    expect(service.normalizePlatform('claude-official')).toBe('claude')
+    expect(service.normalizePlatform('azure-openai')).toBe('azure_openai')
+    expect(service.normalizePlatform('gemini-api')).toBe('gemini-api')
+  })
+
+  it('should build local quota/balance from dailyQuota and local dailyCost', async () => {
+    const mockRedis = buildMockRedis()
+    const service = new AccountBalanceService({ redis: mockRedis, logger: mockLogger })
+
+    service._computeMonthlyCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(30)
+    service._computeTotalCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(123.45)
+
+    const account = { id: 'acct-1', name: 'A', dailyQuota: '100', quotaResetTime: '00:00' }
+    const result = await service._getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, 'claude-console', {
+      queryApi: false,
+      useCache: true
+    })
+
+    expect(result.success).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.data.source).toBe('local')
+    expect(result.data.balance.amount).toBeCloseTo(80, 6)
+    expect(result.data.quota.percentage).toBeCloseTo(20, 6)
+    expect(result.data.statistics.totalCost).toBeCloseTo(123.45, 6)
+    expect(mockRedis.setLocalBalance).toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('should use cached balance when account has no dailyQuota', async () => {
+    const mockRedis = buildMockRedis()
+    mockRedis.getAccountBalance.mockResolvedValue({
+      status: 'success',
+      balance: 12.34,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      quota: null,
+      errorMessage: '',
+      lastRefreshAt: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+      ttlSeconds: 120
+    })
+
+    const service = new AccountBalanceService({ redis: mockRedis, logger: mockLogger })
+    service._computeMonthlyCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+    service._computeTotalCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+
+    const account = { id: 'acct-2', name: 'B' }
+    const result = await service._getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, 'openai', {
+      queryApi: false,
+      useCache: true
+    })
+
+    expect(result.data.source).toBe('cache')
+    expect(result.data.balance.amount).toBeCloseTo(12.34, 6)
+    expect(result.data.lastRefreshAt).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z')
+  })
+
+  it('should not cache provider errors and fallback to local when queryApi=true', async () => {
+    const mockRedis = buildMockRedis()
+    const service = new AccountBalanceService({ redis: mockRedis, logger: mockLogger })
+
+    service._computeMonthlyCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+    service._computeTotalCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+
+    service.registerProvider('openai', {
+      queryBalance: () => {
+        throw new Error('boom')
+      }
+    })
+
+    const account = { id: 'acct-3', name: 'C' }
+    const result = await service._getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, 'openai', {
+      queryApi: true,
+      useCache: false
+    })
+
+    expect(mockRedis.setAccountBalance).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(result.data.source).toBe('local')
+    expect(result.data.status).toBe('error')
+    expect(result.data.error).toBe('boom')
+  })
+
+  it('should ignore script config when balance script is disabled', async () => {
+    process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED = 'false'
+
+    const mockRedis = buildMockRedis()
+    mockRedis.getBalanceScriptConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+      scriptBody: '({ request: { url: "http://example.com" }, extractor: function(){ return {} } })'
+    })
+
+    const service = new AccountBalanceService({ redis: mockRedis, logger: mockLogger })
+    service._computeMonthlyCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+    service._computeTotalCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+
+    const provider = { queryBalance: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ balance: 1, currency: 'USD' }) }
+    service.registerProvider('openai', provider)
+
+    const scriptSpy = jest.spyOn(service, '_getBalanceFromScript')
+
+    const account = { id: 'acct-script-off', name: 'S' }
+    const result = await service._getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, 'openai', {
+      queryApi: true,
+      useCache: false
+    })
+
+    expect(provider.queryBalance).toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(scriptSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(result.data.source).toBe('api')
+  })
+
+  it('should prefer script when configured and enabled', async () => {
+    process.env.BALANCE_SCRIPT_ENABLED = 'true'
+
+    const mockRedis = buildMockRedis()
+    mockRedis.getBalanceScriptConfig.mockResolvedValue({
+      scriptBody: '({ request: { url: "http://example.com" }, extractor: function(){ return {} } })'
+    })
+
+    const service = new AccountBalanceService({ redis: mockRedis, logger: mockLogger })
+    service._computeMonthlyCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+    service._computeTotalCost = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+
+    const provider = { queryBalance: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ balance: 2, currency: 'USD' }) }
+    service.registerProvider('openai', provider)
+
+    jest.spyOn(service, '_getBalanceFromScript').mockResolvedValue({
+      status: 'success',
+      balance: 3,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      quota: null,
+      queryMethod: 'script',
+      rawData: { ok: true },
+      lastRefreshAt: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+      errorMessage: ''
+    })
+
+    const account = { id: 'acct-script-on', name: 'T' }
+    const result = await service._getAccountBalanceForAccount(account, 'openai', {
+      queryApi: true,
+      useCache: false
+    })
+
+    expect(provider.queryBalance).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+    expect(result.data.source).toBe('api')
+    expect(result.data.balance.amount).toBeCloseTo(3, 6)
+    expect(result.data.lastRefreshAt).toBe('2025-01-01T00:00:00Z')
+  })
+
+  it('should count low balance once per account in summary', async () => {
+    const mockRedis = buildMockRedis()
+    const service = new AccountBalanceService({ redis: mockRedis, logger: mockLogger })
+
+    service.getSupportedPlatforms = () => ['claude-console']
+    service.getAllAccountsByPlatform = async () => [{ id: 'acct-4', name: 'D' }]
+    service._getAccountBalanceForAccount = async () => ({
+      success: true,
+      data: {
+        accountId: 'acct-4',
+        platform: 'claude-console',
+        balance: { amount: 5, currency: 'USD', formattedAmount: '$5.00' },
+        quota: { percentage: 95 },
+        statistics: { totalCost: 1 },
+        source: 'local',
+        lastRefreshAt: '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+        cacheExpiresAt: null,
+        status: 'success',
+        error: null
+      }
+    })
+
+    const summary = await service.getBalanceSummary()
+    expect(summary.lowBalanceCount).toBe(1)
+    expect(summary.platforms['claude-console'].lowBalanceCount).toBe(1)
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/concurrencyQueue.integration.test.js
+++ b/tests/concurrencyQueue.integration.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,860 @@
+/**
+ * 并发请求排队功能集成测试
+ *
+ * 测试分为三个层次：
+ * 1. Mock 测试 - 测试核心逻辑，不需要真实 Redis
+ * 2. Redis 方法测试 - 测试 Redis 操作的原子性和正确性
+ * 3. 端到端场景测试 - 测试完整的排队流程
+ *
+ * 运行方式：
+ * - npm test -- concurrencyQueue.integration  # 运行所有测试（Mock 部分）
+ * - REDIS_TEST=1 npm test -- concurrencyQueue.integration  # 包含真实 Redis 测试
+ */
+
+// Mock logger to avoid console output during tests
+jest.mock('../src/utils/logger', () => ({
+  api: jest.fn(),
+  warn: jest.fn(),
+  error: jest.fn(),
+  info: jest.fn(),
+  database: jest.fn(),
+  security: jest.fn()
+}))
+
+const redis = require('../src/models/redis')
+const claudeRelayConfigService = require('../src/services/claudeRelayConfigService')
+
+// Helper: sleep function
+const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
+
+// Helper: 创建模拟的 req/res 对象
+function createMockReqRes() {
+  const listeners = {}
+  const req = {
+    destroyed: false,
+    once: jest.fn((event, handler) => {
+      listeners[`req:${event}`] = handler
+    }),
+    removeListener: jest.fn((event) => {
+      delete listeners[`req:${event}`]
+    }),
+    // 触发事件的辅助方法
+    emit: (event) => {
+      const handler = listeners[`req:${event}`]
+      if (handler) {
+        handler()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const res = {
+    once: jest.fn((event, handler) => {
+      listeners[`res:${event}`] = handler
+    }),
+    removeListener: jest.fn((event) => {
+      delete listeners[`res:${event}`]
+    }),
+    emit: (event) => {
+      const handler = listeners[`res:${event}`]
+      if (handler) {
+        handler()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { req, res, listeners }
+}
+
+// ============================================
+// 第一部分：Mock 测试 - waitForConcurrencySlot 核心逻辑
+// ============================================
+describe('ConcurrencyQueue Integration Tests', () => {
+  describe('Part 1: waitForConcurrencySlot Logic (Mocked)', () => {
+    // 导入 auth 模块中的 waitForConcurrencySlot
+    // 由于它是内部函数，我们需要通过测试其行为来验证
+    // 这里我们模拟整个流程
+
+    let mockRedis
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      jest.clearAllMocks()
+
+      // 创建 Redis mock
+      mockRedis = {
+        concurrencyCount: {},
+        queueCount: {},
+        stats: {},
+        waitTimes: {},
+        globalWaitTimes: []
+      }
+
+      // Mock Redis 并发方法
+      jest.spyOn(redis, 'incrConcurrency').mockImplementation(async (keyId, requestId, _lease) => {
+        if (!mockRedis.concurrencyCount[keyId]) {
+          mockRedis.concurrencyCount[keyId] = new Set()
+        }
+        mockRedis.concurrencyCount[keyId].add(requestId)
+        return mockRedis.concurrencyCount[keyId].size
+      })
+
+      jest.spyOn(redis, 'decrConcurrency').mockImplementation(async (keyId, requestId) => {
+        if (mockRedis.concurrencyCount[keyId]) {
+          mockRedis.concurrencyCount[keyId].delete(requestId)
+          return mockRedis.concurrencyCount[keyId].size
+        }
+        return 0
+      })
+
+      // Mock 排队计数方法
+      jest.spyOn(redis, 'incrConcurrencyQueue').mockImplementation(async (keyId) => {
+        mockRedis.queueCount[keyId] = (mockRedis.queueCount[keyId] || 0) + 1
+        return mockRedis.queueCount[keyId]
+      })
+
+      jest.spyOn(redis, 'decrConcurrencyQueue').mockImplementation(async (keyId) => {
+        mockRedis.queueCount[keyId] = Math.max(0, (mockRedis.queueCount[keyId] || 0) - 1)
+        return mockRedis.queueCount[keyId]
+      })
+
+      jest
+        .spyOn(redis, 'getConcurrencyQueueCount')
+        .mockImplementation(async (keyId) => mockRedis.queueCount[keyId] || 0)
+
+      // Mock 统计方法
+      jest.spyOn(redis, 'incrConcurrencyQueueStats').mockImplementation(async (keyId, field) => {
+        if (!mockRedis.stats[keyId]) {
+          mockRedis.stats[keyId] = {}
+        }
+        mockRedis.stats[keyId][field] = (mockRedis.stats[keyId][field] || 0) + 1
+        return mockRedis.stats[keyId][field]
+      })
+
+      jest.spyOn(redis, 'recordQueueWaitTime').mockResolvedValue(undefined)
+      jest.spyOn(redis, 'recordGlobalQueueWaitTime').mockResolvedValue(undefined)
+    })
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks()
+    })
+
+    describe('Slot Acquisition Flow', () => {
+      it('should acquire slot immediately when under concurrency limit', async () => {
+        // 模拟 waitForConcurrencySlot 的行为
+        const keyId = 'test-key-1'
+        const requestId = 'req-1'
+        const concurrencyLimit = 5
+
+        // 直接测试 incrConcurrency 的行为
+        const count = await redis.incrConcurrency(keyId, requestId, 300)
+
+        expect(count).toBe(1)
+        expect(count).toBeLessThanOrEqual(concurrencyLimit)
+      })
+
+      it('should track multiple concurrent requests correctly', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-key-2'
+        const concurrencyLimit = 3
+
+        // 模拟多个并发请求
+        const results = []
+        for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+          const count = await redis.incrConcurrency(keyId, `req-${i}`, 300)
+          results.push({ requestId: `req-${i}`, count, exceeds: count > concurrencyLimit })
+        }
+
+        // 前3个应该在限制内
+        expect(results[0].exceeds).toBe(false)
+        expect(results[1].exceeds).toBe(false)
+        expect(results[2].exceeds).toBe(false)
+        // 后2个超过限制
+        expect(results[3].exceeds).toBe(true)
+        expect(results[4].exceeds).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('should release slot and allow next request', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-key-3'
+        const concurrencyLimit = 1
+
+        // 第一个请求获取槽位
+        const count1 = await redis.incrConcurrency(keyId, 'req-1', 300)
+        expect(count1).toBe(1)
+
+        // 第二个请求超限
+        const count2 = await redis.incrConcurrency(keyId, 'req-2', 300)
+        expect(count2).toBe(2)
+        expect(count2).toBeGreaterThan(concurrencyLimit)
+
+        // 释放第二个请求（因为超限）
+        await redis.decrConcurrency(keyId, 'req-2')
+
+        // 释放第一个请求
+        await redis.decrConcurrency(keyId, 'req-1')
+
+        // 现在第三个请求应该能获取
+        const count3 = await redis.incrConcurrency(keyId, 'req-3', 300)
+        expect(count3).toBe(1)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Queue Count Management', () => {
+      it('should increment and decrement queue count atomically', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-key-4'
+
+        // 增加排队计数
+        const count1 = await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000)
+        expect(count1).toBe(1)
+
+        const count2 = await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000)
+        expect(count2).toBe(2)
+
+        // 减少排队计数
+        const count3 = await redis.decrConcurrencyQueue(keyId)
+        expect(count3).toBe(1)
+
+        const count4 = await redis.decrConcurrencyQueue(keyId)
+        expect(count4).toBe(0)
+      })
+
+      it('should not go below zero on decrement', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-key-5'
+
+        // 直接减少（没有先增加）
+        const count = await redis.decrConcurrencyQueue(keyId)
+        expect(count).toBe(0)
+      })
+
+      it('should handle concurrent queue operations', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-key-6'
+
+        // 并发增加
+        const increments = await Promise.all([
+          redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000),
+          redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000),
+          redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000)
+        ])
+
+        // 所有增量应该是连续的
+        const sortedIncrements = [...increments].sort((a, b) => a - b)
+        expect(sortedIncrements).toEqual([1, 2, 3])
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Statistics Tracking', () => {
+      it('should track entered/success/timeout/cancelled stats', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-key-7'
+
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'entered')
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'entered')
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'success')
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'timeout')
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'cancelled')
+
+        expect(mockRedis.stats[keyId]).toEqual({
+          entered: 2,
+          success: 1,
+          timeout: 1,
+          cancelled: 1
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Client Disconnection Handling', () => {
+      it('should detect client disconnection via close event', async () => {
+        const { req } = createMockReqRes()
+
+        let clientDisconnected = false
+
+        // 设置监听器
+        req.once('close', () => {
+          clientDisconnected = true
+        })
+
+        // 模拟客户端断开
+        req.emit('close')
+
+        expect(clientDisconnected).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('should detect pre-destroyed request', () => {
+        const { req } = createMockReqRes()
+        req.destroyed = true
+
+        expect(req.destroyed).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Exponential Backoff Simulation', () => {
+      it('should increase poll interval with backoff', () => {
+        const config = {
+          pollIntervalMs: 200,
+          maxPollIntervalMs: 2000,
+          backoffFactor: 1.5,
+          jitterRatio: 0 // 禁用抖动以便测试
+        }
+
+        let interval = config.pollIntervalMs
+        const intervals = [interval]
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+          interval = Math.min(interval * config.backoffFactor, config.maxPollIntervalMs)
+          intervals.push(interval)
+        }
+
+        // 验证指数增长
+        expect(intervals[1]).toBe(300) // 200 * 1.5
+        expect(intervals[2]).toBe(450) // 300 * 1.5
+        expect(intervals[3]).toBe(675) // 450 * 1.5
+        expect(intervals[4]).toBe(1012.5) // 675 * 1.5
+        expect(intervals[5]).toBe(1518.75) // 1012.5 * 1.5
+      })
+
+      it('should cap interval at maximum', () => {
+        const config = {
+          pollIntervalMs: 1000,
+          maxPollIntervalMs: 2000,
+          backoffFactor: 1.5
+        }
+
+        let interval = config.pollIntervalMs
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+          interval = Math.min(interval * config.backoffFactor, config.maxPollIntervalMs)
+        }
+
+        expect(interval).toBe(2000)
+      })
+
+      it('should apply jitter within expected range', () => {
+        const baseInterval = 1000
+        const jitterRatio = 0.2 // ±20%
+        const results = []
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+          const randomValue = Math.random()
+          const jitter = baseInterval * jitterRatio * (randomValue * 2 - 1)
+          const finalInterval = baseInterval + jitter
+          results.push(finalInterval)
+        }
+
+        const min = Math.min(...results)
+        const max = Math.max(...results)
+
+        // 所有结果应该在 [800, 1200] 范围内
+        expect(min).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(800)
+        expect(max).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1200)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ============================================
+  // 第二部分：并发竞争场景测试
+  // ============================================
+  describe('Part 2: Concurrent Race Condition Tests', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      jest.clearAllMocks()
+    })
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks()
+    })
+
+    describe('Race Condition: Multiple Requests Competing for Same Slot', () => {
+      it('should handle race condition when multiple requests try to acquire last slot', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'race-test-1'
+        const concurrencyLimit = 1
+        const concurrencyState = { count: 0, holders: new Set() }
+
+        // 模拟原子的 incrConcurrency
+        jest.spyOn(redis, 'incrConcurrency').mockImplementation(async (key, reqId) => {
+          // 模拟原子操作
+          concurrencyState.count++
+          concurrencyState.holders.add(reqId)
+          return concurrencyState.count
+        })
+
+        jest.spyOn(redis, 'decrConcurrency').mockImplementation(async (key, reqId) => {
+          if (concurrencyState.holders.has(reqId)) {
+            concurrencyState.count--
+            concurrencyState.holders.delete(reqId)
+          }
+          return concurrencyState.count
+        })
+
+        // 5个请求同时竞争1个槽位
+        const requests = Array.from({ length: 5 }, (_, i) => `req-${i + 1}`)
+
+        const acquireResults = await Promise.all(
+          requests.map(async (reqId) => {
+            const count = await redis.incrConcurrency(keyId, reqId, 300)
+            const acquired = count <= concurrencyLimit
+
+            if (!acquired) {
+              // 超限，释放
+              await redis.decrConcurrency(keyId, reqId)
+            }
+
+            return { reqId, count, acquired }
+          })
+        )
+
+        // 只有一个请求应该成功获取槽位
+        const successfulAcquires = acquireResults.filter((r) => r.acquired)
+        expect(successfulAcquires.length).toBe(1)
+
+        // 最终并发计数应该是1
+        expect(concurrencyState.count).toBe(1)
+      })
+
+      it('should maintain consistency under high contention', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'race-test-2'
+        const concurrencyLimit = 3
+        const requestCount = 20
+        const concurrencyState = { count: 0, maxSeen: 0 }
+
+        jest.spyOn(redis, 'incrConcurrency').mockImplementation(async () => {
+          concurrencyState.count++
+          concurrencyState.maxSeen = Math.max(concurrencyState.maxSeen, concurrencyState.count)
+          return concurrencyState.count
+        })
+
+        jest.spyOn(redis, 'decrConcurrency').mockImplementation(async () => {
+          concurrencyState.count = Math.max(0, concurrencyState.count - 1)
+          return concurrencyState.count
+        })
+
+        // 模拟多轮请求
+        const activeRequests = []
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < requestCount; i++) {
+          const count = await redis.incrConcurrency(keyId, `req-${i}`, 300)
+
+          if (count <= concurrencyLimit) {
+            activeRequests.push(`req-${i}`)
+
+            // 模拟处理时间后释放
+            setTimeout(async () => {
+              await redis.decrConcurrency(keyId, `req-${i}`)
+            }, Math.random() * 50)
+          } else {
+            await redis.decrConcurrency(keyId, `req-${i}`)
+          }
+
+          // 随机延迟
+          await sleep(Math.random() * 10)
+        }
+
+        // 等待所有请求完成
+        await sleep(100)
+
+        // 最大并发不应超过限制
+        expect(concurrencyState.maxSeen).toBeLessThanOrEqual(concurrencyLimit + requestCount) // 允许短暂超限
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Queue Overflow Protection', () => {
+      it('should reject requests when queue is full', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'overflow-test-1'
+        const maxQueueSize = 5
+        const queueState = { count: 0 }
+
+        jest.spyOn(redis, 'incrConcurrencyQueue').mockImplementation(async () => {
+          queueState.count++
+          return queueState.count
+        })
+
+        jest.spyOn(redis, 'decrConcurrencyQueue').mockImplementation(async () => {
+          queueState.count = Math.max(0, queueState.count - 1)
+          return queueState.count
+        })
+
+        const results = []
+
+        // 尝试10个请求进入队列
+        for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+          const queueCount = await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000)
+
+          if (queueCount > maxQueueSize) {
+            // 队列满，释放并拒绝
+            await redis.decrConcurrencyQueue(keyId)
+            results.push({ index: i, accepted: false })
+          } else {
+            results.push({ index: i, accepted: true, position: queueCount })
+          }
+        }
+
+        const accepted = results.filter((r) => r.accepted)
+        const rejected = results.filter((r) => !r.accepted)
+
+        expect(accepted.length).toBe(5)
+        expect(rejected.length).toBe(5)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ============================================
+  // 第三部分：真实 Redis 集成测试（可选）
+  // ============================================
+  describe('Part 3: Real Redis Integration Tests', () => {
+    const skipRealRedis = !process.env.REDIS_TEST
+
+    // 辅助函数：检查 Redis 连接
+    async function checkRedisConnection() {
+      try {
+        const client = redis.getClient()
+        if (!client) {
+          return false
+        }
+        await client.ping()
+        return true
+      } catch {
+        return false
+      }
+    }
+
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+      if (skipRealRedis) {
+        console.log('⏭️  Skipping real Redis tests (set REDIS_TEST=1 to enable)')
+        return
+      }
+
+      const connected = await checkRedisConnection()
+      if (!connected) {
+        console.log('⚠️  Redis not connected, skipping real Redis tests')
+      }
+    })
+
+    // 清理测试数据
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      if (skipRealRedis) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const client = redis.getClient()
+        if (!client) {
+          return
+        }
+
+        // 清理测试键
+        const testKeys = await client.keys('concurrency:queue:test-*')
+        if (testKeys.length > 0) {
+          await client.del(...testKeys)
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // 忽略清理错误
+      }
+    })
+
+    describe('Redis Queue Operations', () => {
+      const testOrSkip = skipRealRedis ? it.skip : it
+
+      testOrSkip('should atomically increment queue count with TTL', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-redis-queue-1'
+        const timeoutMs = 5000
+
+        const count1 = await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, timeoutMs)
+        expect(count1).toBe(1)
+
+        const count2 = await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, timeoutMs)
+        expect(count2).toBe(2)
+
+        // 验证 TTL 被设置
+        const client = redis.getClient()
+        const ttl = await client.ttl(`concurrency:queue:${keyId}`)
+        expect(ttl).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+        expect(ttl).toBeLessThanOrEqual(Math.ceil(timeoutMs / 1000) + 30)
+      })
+
+      testOrSkip('should atomically decrement and delete when zero', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-redis-queue-2'
+
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000)
+        const count = await redis.decrConcurrencyQueue(keyId)
+
+        expect(count).toBe(0)
+
+        // 验证键已删除
+        const client = redis.getClient()
+        const exists = await client.exists(`concurrency:queue:${keyId}`)
+        expect(exists).toBe(0)
+      })
+
+      testOrSkip('should handle concurrent increments correctly', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-redis-queue-3'
+        const numRequests = 10
+
+        // 并发增加
+        const results = await Promise.all(
+          Array.from({ length: numRequests }, () => redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000))
+        )
+
+        // 所有结果应该是 1 到 numRequests
+        const sorted = [...results].sort((a, b) => a - b)
+        expect(sorted).toEqual(Array.from({ length: numRequests }, (_, i) => i + 1))
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Redis Stats Operations', () => {
+      const testOrSkip = skipRealRedis ? it.skip : it
+
+      testOrSkip('should track queue statistics correctly', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-redis-stats-1'
+
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'entered')
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'entered')
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'success')
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId, 'timeout')
+
+        const stats = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId)
+
+        expect(stats.entered).toBe(2)
+        expect(stats.success).toBe(1)
+        expect(stats.timeout).toBe(1)
+        expect(stats.cancelled).toBe(0)
+      })
+
+      testOrSkip('should record and retrieve wait times', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-redis-wait-1'
+        const waitTimes = [100, 200, 150, 300, 250]
+
+        for (const wt of waitTimes) {
+          await redis.recordQueueWaitTime(keyId, wt)
+        }
+
+        const recorded = await redis.getQueueWaitTimes(keyId)
+
+        // 应该按 LIFO 顺序存储
+        expect(recorded.length).toBe(5)
+        expect(recorded[0]).toBe(250) // 最后插入的在前面
+      })
+
+      testOrSkip('should record global wait times', async () => {
+        const waitTimes = [500, 600, 700]
+
+        for (const wt of waitTimes) {
+          await redis.recordGlobalQueueWaitTime(wt)
+        }
+
+        const recorded = await redis.getGlobalQueueWaitTimes()
+
+        expect(recorded.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Redis Cleanup Operations', () => {
+      const testOrSkip = skipRealRedis ? it.skip : it
+
+      testOrSkip('should clear specific queue', async () => {
+        const keyId = 'test-redis-clear-1'
+
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000)
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId, 60000)
+
+        const cleared = await redis.clearConcurrencyQueue(keyId)
+        expect(cleared).toBe(true)
+
+        const count = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueCount(keyId)
+        expect(count).toBe(0)
+      })
+
+      testOrSkip('should clear all queues but preserve stats', async () => {
+        const keyId1 = 'test-redis-clearall-1'
+        const keyId2 = 'test-redis-clearall-2'
+
+        // 创建队列和统计
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId1, 60000)
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue(keyId2, 60000)
+        await redis.incrConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId1, 'entered')
+
+        // 清理所有队列
+        const cleared = await redis.clearAllConcurrencyQueues()
+        expect(cleared).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2)
+
+        // 验证队列已清理
+        const count1 = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueCount(keyId1)
+        const count2 = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueCount(keyId2)
+        expect(count1).toBe(0)
+        expect(count2).toBe(0)
+
+        // 统计应该保留
+        const stats = await redis.getConcurrencyQueueStats(keyId1)
+        expect(stats.entered).toBe(1)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ============================================
+  // 第四部分：配置服务集成测试
+  // ============================================
+  describe('Part 4: Configuration Service Integration', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      // 清除配置缓存
+      claudeRelayConfigService.clearCache()
+    })
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      jest.restoreAllMocks()
+    })
+
+    describe('Queue Configuration', () => {
+      it('should return default queue configuration', async () => {
+        jest.spyOn(redis, 'getClient').mockReturnValue(null)
+
+        const config = await claudeRelayConfigService.getConfig()
+
+        expect(config.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled).toBe(false)
+        expect(config.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize).toBe(3)
+        expect(config.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier).toBe(0)
+        expect(config.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs).toBe(10000)
+      })
+
+      it('should calculate max queue size correctly', async () => {
+        const testCases = [
+          { concurrencyLimit: 5, multiplier: 2, fixedMin: 3, expected: 10 }, // 5*2=10 > 3
+          { concurrencyLimit: 1, multiplier: 1, fixedMin: 5, expected: 5 }, // 1*1=1 < 5
+          { concurrencyLimit: 10, multiplier: 0.5, fixedMin: 3, expected: 5 }, // 10*0.5=5 > 3
+          { concurrencyLimit: 2, multiplier: 1, fixedMin: 10, expected: 10 } // 2*1=2 < 10
+        ]
+
+        for (const tc of testCases) {
+          const maxQueueSize = Math.max(tc.concurrencyLimit * tc.multiplier, tc.fixedMin)
+          expect(maxQueueSize).toBe(tc.expected)
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  // ============================================
+  // 第五部分：端到端场景测试
+  // ============================================
+  describe('Part 5: End-to-End Scenario Tests', () => {
+    describe('Scenario: Claude Code Agent Parallel Tool Calls', () => {
+      it('should handle burst of parallel tool results', async () => {
+        // 模拟 Claude Code Agent 发送多个并行工具结果的场景
+        const concurrencyLimit = 2
+        const maxQueueSize = 5
+
+        const state = {
+          concurrency: 0,
+          queue: 0,
+          completed: 0,
+          rejected: 0
+        }
+
+        // 模拟 8 个并行工具结果请求
+        const requests = Array.from({ length: 8 }, (_, i) => ({
+          id: `tool-result-${i + 1}`,
+          startTime: Date.now()
+        }))
+
+        // 模拟处理逻辑
+        async function processRequest(req) {
+          // 尝试获取并发槽位
+          state.concurrency++
+
+          if (state.concurrency > concurrencyLimit) {
+            // 超限，进入队列
+            state.concurrency--
+            state.queue++
+
+            if (state.queue > maxQueueSize) {
+              // 队列满，拒绝
+              state.queue--
+              state.rejected++
+              return { ...req, status: 'rejected', reason: 'queue_full' }
+            }
+
+            // 等待槽位（模拟）
+            await sleep(Math.random() * 100)
+            state.queue--
+            state.concurrency++
+          }
+
+          // 处理请求
+          await sleep(50) // 模拟处理时间
+          state.concurrency--
+          state.completed++
+
+          return { ...req, status: 'completed', duration: Date.now() - req.startTime }
+        }
+
+        const results = await Promise.all(requests.map(processRequest))
+
+        const completed = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'completed')
+        const rejected = results.filter((r) => r.status === 'rejected')
+
+        // 大部分请求应该完成
+        expect(completed.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+        // 可能有一些被拒绝
+        expect(state.rejected).toBe(rejected.length)
+
+        console.log(
+          `  ✓ Completed: ${completed.length}, Rejected: ${rejected.length}, Max concurrent: ${concurrencyLimit}`
+        )
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Scenario: Graceful Degradation', () => {
+      it('should fallback when Redis fails', async () => {
+        jest
+          .spyOn(redis, 'incrConcurrencyQueue')
+          .mockRejectedValue(new Error('Redis connection lost'))
+
+        // 模拟降级行为：Redis 失败时直接拒绝而不是崩溃
+        let result
+        try {
+          await redis.incrConcurrencyQueue('fallback-test', 60000)
+          result = { success: true }
+        } catch (error) {
+          // 优雅降级：返回 429 而不是 500
+          result = { success: false, fallback: true, error: error.message }
+        }
+
+        expect(result.fallback).toBe(true)
+        expect(result.error).toContain('Redis')
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Scenario: Timeout Behavior', () => {
+      it('should respect queue timeout', async () => {
+        const timeoutMs = 100
+        const startTime = Date.now()
+
+        // 模拟等待超时
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, timeoutMs))
+
+        const elapsed = Date.now() - startTime
+        expect(elapsed).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(timeoutMs - 10) // 允许 10ms 误差
+      })
+
+      it('should track timeout statistics', async () => {
+        const stats = { entered: 0, success: 0, timeout: 0, cancelled: 0 }
+
+        // 模拟多个请求，部分超时
+        const requests = [
+          { id: 'req-1', willTimeout: false },
+          { id: 'req-2', willTimeout: true },
+          { id: 'req-3', willTimeout: false },
+          { id: 'req-4', willTimeout: true }
+        ]
+
+        for (const req of requests) {
+          stats.entered++
+          if (req.willTimeout) {
+            stats.timeout++
+          } else {
+            stats.success++
+          }
+        }
+
+        expect(stats.entered).toBe(4)
+        expect(stats.success).toBe(2)
+        expect(stats.timeout).toBe(2)
+
+        // 成功率应该是 50%
+        const successRate = (stats.success / stats.entered) * 100
+        expect(successRate).toBe(50)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+})
--- a/tests/concurrencyQueue.test.js
+++ b/tests/concurrencyQueue.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/**
+ * 并发请求排队功能测试
+ * 测试排队逻辑中的核心算法：百分位数计算、等待时间统计、指数退避等
+ *
+ * 注意：Redis 方法的测试需要集成测试环境，这里主要测试纯算法逻辑
+ */
+
+// Mock logger to avoid console output during tests
+jest.mock('../src/utils/logger', () => ({
+  api: jest.fn(),
+  warn: jest.fn(),
+  error: jest.fn(),
+  info: jest.fn(),
+  database: jest.fn(),
+  security: jest.fn()
+}))
+
+// 使用共享的统计工具函数（与生产代码一致）
+const { getPercentile, calculateWaitTimeStats } = require('../src/utils/statsHelper')
+
+describe('ConcurrencyQueue', () => {
+  describe('Percentile Calculation (nearest-rank method)', () => {
+    // 直接测试共享工具函数，确保与生产代码行为一致
+    it('should return 0 for empty array', () => {
+      expect(getPercentile([], 50)).toBe(0)
+    })
+
+    it('should return single element for single-element array', () => {
+      expect(getPercentile([100], 50)).toBe(100)
+      expect(getPercentile([100], 99)).toBe(100)
+    })
+
+    it('should return min for percentile 0', () => {
+      expect(getPercentile([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 0)).toBe(10)
+    })
+
+    it('should return max for percentile 100', () => {
+      expect(getPercentile([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], 100)).toBe(50)
+    })
+
+    it('should calculate P50 correctly for len=10', () => {
+      // For [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100] (len=10)
+      // P50: ceil(50/100 * 10) - 1 = ceil(5) - 1 = 4 → value at index 4 = 50
+      const arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
+      expect(getPercentile(arr, 50)).toBe(50)
+    })
+
+    it('should calculate P90 correctly for len=10', () => {
+      // For len=10, P90: ceil(90/100 * 10) - 1 = ceil(9) - 1 = 8 → value at index 8 = 90
+      const arr = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
+      expect(getPercentile(arr, 90)).toBe(90)
+    })
+
+    it('should calculate P99 correctly for len=100', () => {
+      // For len=100, P99: ceil(99/100 * 100) - 1 = ceil(99) - 1 = 98
+      const arr = Array.from({ length: 100 }, (_, i) => i + 1)
+      expect(getPercentile(arr, 99)).toBe(99)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle two-element array correctly', () => {
+      // For [10, 20] (len=2)
+      // P50: ceil(50/100 * 2) - 1 = ceil(1) - 1 = 0 → value = 10
+      expect(getPercentile([10, 20], 50)).toBe(10)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle negative percentile as 0', () => {
+      expect(getPercentile([10, 20, 30], -10)).toBe(10)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle percentile > 100 as 100', () => {
+      expect(getPercentile([10, 20, 30], 150)).toBe(30)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Wait Time Stats Calculation', () => {
+    // 直接测试共享工具函数
+    it('should return null for empty array', () => {
+      expect(calculateWaitTimeStats([])).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('should return null for null input', () => {
+      expect(calculateWaitTimeStats(null)).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('should return null for undefined input', () => {
+      expect(calculateWaitTimeStats(undefined)).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('should calculate stats correctly for typical data', () => {
+      const waitTimes = [100, 200, 150, 300, 250, 180, 220, 280, 190, 210]
+      const stats = calculateWaitTimeStats(waitTimes)
+
+      expect(stats.count).toBe(10)
+      expect(stats.min).toBe(100)
+      expect(stats.max).toBe(300)
+      // Sum: 100+150+180+190+200+210+220+250+280+300 = 2080
+      expect(stats.avg).toBe(208)
+      expect(stats.sampleSizeWarning).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('should add warning for small sample size (< 10)', () => {
+      const waitTimes = [100, 200, 300]
+      const stats = calculateWaitTimeStats(waitTimes)
+
+      expect(stats.count).toBe(3)
+      expect(stats.sampleSizeWarning).toBe('Results may be inaccurate due to small sample size')
+    })
+
+    it('should handle single value', () => {
+      const stats = calculateWaitTimeStats([500])
+
+      expect(stats.count).toBe(1)
+      expect(stats.min).toBe(500)
+      expect(stats.max).toBe(500)
+      expect(stats.avg).toBe(500)
+      expect(stats.p50).toBe(500)
+      expect(stats.p90).toBe(500)
+      expect(stats.p99).toBe(500)
+    })
+
+    it('should sort input array before calculating', () => {
+      const waitTimes = [500, 100, 300, 200, 400]
+      const stats = calculateWaitTimeStats(waitTimes)
+
+      expect(stats.min).toBe(100)
+      expect(stats.max).toBe(500)
+    })
+
+    it('should not modify original array', () => {
+      const waitTimes = [500, 100, 300]
+      calculateWaitTimeStats(waitTimes)
+
+      expect(waitTimes).toEqual([500, 100, 300])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Exponential Backoff with Jitter', () => {
+    /**
+     * 指数退避计算函数（与 auth.js 中的实现一致）
+     * @param {number} currentInterval - 当前轮询间隔
+     * @param {number} backoffFactor - 退避系数
+     * @param {number} jitterRatio - 抖动比例
+     * @param {number} maxInterval - 最大间隔
+     * @param {number} randomValue - 随机值 [0, 1)，用于确定性测试
+     */
+    function calculateNextInterval(
+      currentInterval,
+      backoffFactor,
+      jitterRatio,
+      maxInterval,
+      randomValue
+    ) {
+      let nextInterval = currentInterval * backoffFactor
+      // 抖动范围：[-jitterRatio, +jitterRatio]
+      const jitter = nextInterval * jitterRatio * (randomValue * 2 - 1)
+      nextInterval = nextInterval + jitter
+      return Math.max(1, Math.min(nextInterval, maxInterval))
+    }
+
+    it('should apply exponential backoff without jitter (randomValue=0.5)', () => {
+      // randomValue = 0.5 gives jitter = 0
+      const next = calculateNextInterval(100, 1.5, 0.2, 1000, 0.5)
+      expect(next).toBe(150) // 100 * 1.5 = 150
+    })
+
+    it('should apply maximum positive jitter (randomValue=1.0)', () => {
+      // randomValue = 1.0 gives maximum positive jitter (+20%)
+      const next = calculateNextInterval(100, 1.5, 0.2, 1000, 1.0)
+      // 100 * 1.5 = 150, jitter = 150 * 0.2 * 1 = 30
+      expect(next).toBe(180) // 150 + 30
+    })
+
+    it('should apply maximum negative jitter (randomValue=0.0)', () => {
+      // randomValue = 0.0 gives maximum negative jitter (-20%)
+      const next = calculateNextInterval(100, 1.5, 0.2, 1000, 0.0)
+      // 100 * 1.5 = 150, jitter = 150 * 0.2 * -1 = -30
+      expect(next).toBe(120) // 150 - 30
+    })
+
+    it('should respect maximum interval', () => {
+      const next = calculateNextInterval(800, 1.5, 0.2, 1000, 1.0)
+      // 800 * 1.5 = 1200, with +20% jitter = 1440, capped at 1000
+      expect(next).toBe(1000)
+    })
+
+    it('should never go below 1ms even with extreme negative jitter', () => {
+      const next = calculateNextInterval(1, 1.0, 0.9, 1000, 0.0)
+      // 1 * 1.0 = 1, jitter = 1 * 0.9 * -1 = -0.9
+      // 1 - 0.9 = 0.1, but Math.max(1, ...) ensures minimum is 1
+      expect(next).toBe(1)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle zero jitter ratio', () => {
+      const next = calculateNextInterval(100, 2.0, 0, 1000, 0.0)
+      expect(next).toBe(200) // Pure exponential, no jitter
+    })
+
+    it('should handle large backoff factor', () => {
+      const next = calculateNextInterval(100, 3.0, 0.1, 1000, 0.5)
+      expect(next).toBe(300) // 100 * 3.0 = 300
+    })
+
+    describe('jitter distribution', () => {
+      it('should produce values in expected range', () => {
+        const results = []
+        // Test with various random values
+        for (let r = 0; r <= 1; r += 0.1) {
+          results.push(calculateNextInterval(100, 1.5, 0.2, 1000, r))
+        }
+        // All values should be between 120 (150 - 30) and 180 (150 + 30)
+        expect(Math.min(...results)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(120)
+        expect(Math.max(...results)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(180)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Queue Size Calculation', () => {
+    /**
+     * 最大排队数计算（与 auth.js 中的实现一致）
+     */
+    function calculateMaxQueueSize(concurrencyLimit, multiplier, fixedMin) {
+      return Math.max(concurrencyLimit * multiplier, fixedMin)
+    }
+
+    it('should use multiplier when result is larger', () => {
+      // concurrencyLimit=10, multiplier=2, fixedMin=5
+      // max(10*2, 5) = max(20, 5) = 20
+      expect(calculateMaxQueueSize(10, 2, 5)).toBe(20)
+    })
+
+    it('should use fixed minimum when multiplier result is smaller', () => {
+      // concurrencyLimit=2, multiplier=1, fixedMin=5
+      // max(2*1, 5) = max(2, 5) = 5
+      expect(calculateMaxQueueSize(2, 1, 5)).toBe(5)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle zero multiplier', () => {
+      // concurrencyLimit=10, multiplier=0, fixedMin=3
+      // max(10*0, 3) = max(0, 3) = 3
+      expect(calculateMaxQueueSize(10, 0, 3)).toBe(3)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle fractional multiplier', () => {
+      // concurrencyLimit=10, multiplier=1.5, fixedMin=5
+      // max(10*1.5, 5) = max(15, 5) = 15
+      expect(calculateMaxQueueSize(10, 1.5, 5)).toBe(15)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('TTL Calculation', () => {
+    /**
+     * 排队计数器 TTL 计算（与 redis.js 中的实现一致）
+     */
+    function calculateQueueTtl(timeoutMs, bufferSeconds = 30) {
+      return Math.ceil(timeoutMs / 1000) + bufferSeconds
+    }
+
+    it('should calculate TTL with default buffer', () => {
+      // 60000ms = 60s + 30s buffer = 90s
+      expect(calculateQueueTtl(60000)).toBe(90)
+    })
+
+    it('should round up milliseconds to seconds', () => {
+      // 61500ms = ceil(61.5) = 62s + 30s = 92s
+      expect(calculateQueueTtl(61500)).toBe(92)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle custom buffer', () => {
+      // 30000ms = 30s + 60s buffer = 90s
+      expect(calculateQueueTtl(30000, 60)).toBe(90)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle very short timeout', () => {
+      // 1000ms = 1s + 30s = 31s
+      expect(calculateQueueTtl(1000)).toBe(31)
+    })
+  })
+})
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/AccountBalanceScriptModal.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/AccountBalanceScriptModal.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+<template>
+  <el-dialog
+    :append-to-body="true"
+    class="balance-script-dialog"
+    :close-on-click-modal="false"
+    :destroy-on-close="true"
+    :model-value="show"
+    :title="`配置余额脚本 - ${account?.name || ''}`"
+    top="5vh"
+    width="720px"
+    @close="emitClose"
+  >
+    <div class="space-y-4">
+      <div class="grid gap-3 md:grid-cols-2">
+        <div class="space-y-2">
+          <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">API Key</label>
+          <input v-model="form.apiKey" class="input-text" placeholder="access token / key" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="space-y-2">
+          <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200"
+            >请求地址（baseUrl）</label
+          >
+          <input v-model="form.baseUrl" class="input-text" placeholder="https://api.example.com" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="space-y-2">
+          <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">Token（可选）</label>
+          <input v-model="form.token" class="input-text" placeholder="Bearer token" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="space-y-2">
+          <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200"
+            >额外参数 (extra / userId)</label
+          >
+          <input v-model="form.extra" class="input-text" placeholder="用户ID等" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="space-y-2">
+          <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">超时时间(秒)</label>
+          <input v-model.number="form.timeoutSeconds" class="input-text" min="1" type="number" />
+        </div>
+        <div class="space-y-2">
+          <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200"
+            >自动查询间隔(分钟)</label
+          >
+          <input
+            v-model.number="form.autoIntervalMinutes"
+            class="input-text"
+            min="0"
+            type="number"
+          />
+          <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">0 表示仅手动刷新</p>
+        </div>
+        <div class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 md:col-span-2">
+          可用变量：{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}baseUrl{{ '}' }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}apiKey{{ '}'
+          }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}token{{ '}' }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}accountId{{ '}'
+          }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}platform{{ '}' }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}extra{{ '}'
+          }}{{ '}' }}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div>
+        <div class="mb-2 flex items-center justify-between">
+          <div class="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100">提取器代码</div>
+          <button
+            class="rounded bg-gray-200 px-2 py-1 text-xs dark:bg-gray-700"
+            @click="applyPreset"
+          >
+            使用示例
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        <textarea
+          v-model="form.scriptBody"
+          class="min-h-[260px] w-full rounded-xl bg-gray-900 font-mono text-sm text-gray-100 shadow-inner focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500"
+          spellcheck="false"
+        ></textarea>
+        <div class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+          extractor 可返回：isValid、invalidMessage、remaining、unit、planName、total、used、extra
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div v-if="testResult" class="rounded-lg bg-gray-50 p-3 text-sm dark:bg-gray-800/60">
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
+          <span class="font-semibold">测试结果</span>
+          <span
+            :class="[
+              'rounded px-2 py-0.5 text-xs',
+              testResult.mapped?.status === 'success'
+                ? 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/40 dark:text-emerald-200'
+                : 'bg-red-100 text-red-700 dark:bg-red-900/40 dark:text-red-200'
+            ]"
+          >
+            {{ testResult.mapped?.status || 'unknown' }}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="mt-2 text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
+          <div>余额: {{ displayAmount(testResult.mapped?.balance) }}</div>
+          <div>单位: {{ testResult.mapped?.currency || '—' }}</div>
+          <div v-if="testResult.mapped?.planName">套餐: {{ testResult.mapped.planName }}</div>
+          <div v-if="testResult.mapped?.errorMessage" class="text-red-500">
+            错误: {{ testResult.mapped.errorMessage }}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <details class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+          <summary class="cursor-pointer">查看 extractor 输出</summary>
+          <pre class="mt-1 whitespace-pre-wrap break-all">{{
+            formatJson(testResult.extracted)
+          }}</pre>
+        </details>
+        <details class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+          <summary class="cursor-pointer">查看原始响应</summary>
+          <pre class="mt-1 whitespace-pre-wrap break-all">{{
+            formatJson(testResult.response)
+          }}</pre>
+        </details>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <template #footer>
+      <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
+        <el-button :loading="testing" @click="testScript">测试脚本</el-button>
+        <el-button :loading="saving" type="primary" @click="saveConfig">保存配置</el-button>
+        <el-button @click="emitClose">取消</el-button>
+      </div>
+    </template>
+  </el-dialog>
+</template>
+
+<script setup>
+import { reactive, ref, watch } from 'vue'
+import { apiClient } from '@/config/api'
+import { showToast } from '@/utils/toast'
+
+const props = defineProps({
+  show: { type: Boolean, default: false },
+  account: { type: Object, default: () => ({}) }
+})
+
+const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'saved'])
+
+const saving = ref(false)
+const testing = ref(false)
+const testResult = ref(null)
+
+const presetScript = `({
+  request: {
+    url: "{{baseUrl}}/api/user/self",
+    method: "GET",
+    headers: {
+      "Content-Type": "application/json",
+      "Authorization": "Bearer {{apiKey}}",
+      "New-Api-User": "{{extra}}"
+    }
+  },
+  extractor: function (response) {
+    if (response && response.success && response.data) {
+      const quota = response.data.quota || 0;
+      const used = response.data.used_quota || 0;
+      return {
+        planName: response.data.group || "默认套餐",
+        remaining: quota / 500000,
+        used: used / 500000,
+        total: (quota + used) / 500000,
+        unit: "USD"
+      };
+    }
+    return {
+      isValid: false,
+      invalidMessage: (response && response.message) || "查询失败"
+    };
+  }
+})`
+
+const form = reactive({
+  baseUrl: '',
+  apiKey: '',
+  token: '',
+  extra: '',
+  timeoutSeconds: 10,
+  autoIntervalMinutes: 0,
+  scriptBody: ''
+})
+
+const buildDefaultForm = () => ({
+  baseUrl: '',
+  apiKey: '',
+  token: '',
+  extra: '',
+  timeoutSeconds: 10,
+  autoIntervalMinutes: 0,
+  // 默认给出示例脚本，字段保持清空，避免“上一个账户的配置污染当前账户”
+  scriptBody: presetScript
+})
+
+const emitClose = () => emit('close')
+
+const resetForm = () => {
+  Object.assign(form, buildDefaultForm())
+  testResult.value = null
+  saving.value = false
+  testing.value = false
+}
+
+const loadConfig = async () => {
+  if (!props.account?.id || !props.account?.platform) return
+  try {
+    const res = await apiClient.get(
+      `/admin/accounts/${props.account.id}/balance/script?platform=${props.account.platform}`
+    )
+    if (res?.success && res.data) {
+      Object.assign(form, res.data)
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    showToast('加载脚本配置失败', 'error')
+  }
+}
+
+const saveConfig = async () => {
+  if (!props.account?.id || !props.account?.platform) return
+  saving.value = true
+  try {
+    await apiClient.put(
+      `/admin/accounts/${props.account.id}/balance/script?platform=${props.account.platform}`,
+      { ...form }
+    )
+    showToast('已保存', 'success')
+    emit('saved')
+  } catch (error) {
+    showToast(error.message || '保存失败', 'error')
+  } finally {
+    saving.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const testScript = async () => {
+  if (!props.account?.id || !props.account?.platform) return
+  testing.value = true
+  testResult.value = null
+  try {
+    const res = await apiClient.post(
+      `/admin/accounts/${props.account.id}/balance/script/test?platform=${props.account.platform}`,
+      { ...form }
+    )
+    if (res?.success) {
+      testResult.value = res.data
+      showToast('测试完成', 'success')
+    } else {
+      showToast(res?.error || '测试失败', 'error')
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    showToast(error.message || '测试失败', 'error')
+  } finally {
+    testing.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const applyPreset = () => {
+  form.scriptBody = presetScript
+}
+
+const displayAmount = (val) => {
+  if (val === null || val === undefined || Number.isNaN(Number(val))) return '—'
+  return Number(val).toFixed(2)
+}
+
+const formatJson = (data) => {
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)
+  } catch (error) {
+    return String(data)
+  }
+}
+
+watch(
+  () => props.show,
+  (val) => {
+    if (val) {
+      resetForm()
+      loadConfig()
+    }
+  }
+)
+</script>
+
+<style scoped>
+:deep(.balance-script-dialog) {
+  max-height: 90vh;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+:deep(.balance-script-dialog .el-dialog__body) {
+  flex: 1 1 auto;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: auto;
+}
+
+:deep(.balance-script-dialog .el-dialog__footer) {
+  border-top: 1px solid rgba(229, 231, 235, 0.7);
+}
+
+.input-text {
+  @apply w-full rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-800 shadow-sm transition focus:border-indigo-400 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-200 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 dark:focus:border-indigo-500 dark:focus:ring-indigo-600;
+}
+</style>
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/AccountForm.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/AccountForm.vue
@@ -477,6 +477,36 @@
                          <i class="fas fa-check text-xs text-white"></i>
                        </div>
                      </label>
+                      <label
+                        class="group relative flex cursor-pointer items-center rounded-md border p-2 transition-all"
+                        :class="[
+                          form.platform === 'gemini-antigravity'
+                            ? 'border-purple-500 bg-purple-50 dark:border-purple-400 dark:bg-purple-900/30'
+                            : 'border-gray-300 bg-white hover:border-purple-400 hover:bg-purple-50/50 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:border-purple-500 dark:hover:bg-purple-900/20'
+                        ]"
+                      >
+                        <input
+                          v-model="form.platform"
+                          class="sr-only"
+                          type="radio"
+                          value="gemini-antigravity"
+                        />
+                        <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
+                          <i class="fas fa-rocket text-sm text-purple-600 dark:text-purple-400"></i>
+                          <div>
+                            <span class="block text-xs font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100"
+                              >Antigravity</span
+                            >
+                            <span class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">OAuth</span>
+                          </div>
+                        </div>
+                        <div
+                          v-if="form.platform === 'gemini-antigravity'"
+                          class="absolute right-1 top-1 flex h-4 w-4 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-purple-500"
+                        >
+                          <i class="fas fa-check text-xs text-white"></i>
+                        </div>
+                      </label>

                      <label
                        class="group relative flex cursor-pointer items-center rounded-md border p-2 transition-all"
@@ -772,7 +802,7 @@
            </div>

            <!-- Gemini 项目 ID 字段 -->
-            <div v-if="form.platform === 'gemini'">
+            <div v-if="form.platform === 'gemini' || form.platform === 'gemini-antigravity'">
              <label class="mb-3 block text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300"
                >项目 ID (可选)</label
              >
@@ -1320,10 +1350,10 @@
                      class="rounded-lg bg-blue-100 px-3 py-1 text-xs text-blue-700 transition-colors hover:bg-blue-200 dark:bg-blue-900/30 dark:text-blue-400 dark:hover:bg-blue-900/50"
                      type="button"
                      @click="
-                        addPresetMapping('claude-sonnet-4-20250514', 'claude-sonnet-4-20250514')
+                        addPresetMapping('claude-opus-4-5-20251101', 'claude-opus-4-5-20251101')
                      "
                    >
-                      + Sonnet 4
+                      + Opus 4.5
                    </button>
                    <button
                      class="rounded-lg bg-indigo-100 px-3 py-1 text-xs text-indigo-700 transition-colors hover:bg-indigo-200 dark:bg-indigo-900/30 dark:text-indigo-400 dark:hover:bg-indigo-900/50"
@@ -1334,24 +1364,6 @@
                    >
                      + Sonnet 4.5
                    </button>
-                    <button
-                      class="rounded-lg bg-purple-100 px-3 py-1 text-xs text-purple-700 transition-colors hover:bg-purple-200 dark:bg-purple-900/30 dark:text-purple-400 dark:hover:bg-purple-900/50"
-                      type="button"
-                      @click="
-                        addPresetMapping('claude-opus-4-1-20250805', 'claude-opus-4-1-20250805')
-                      "
-                    >
-                      + Opus 4.1
-                    </button>
-                    <button
-                      class="rounded-lg bg-green-100 px-3 py-1 text-xs text-green-700 transition-colors hover:bg-green-200 dark:bg-green-900/30 dark:text-green-400 dark:hover:bg-green-900/50"
-                      type="button"
-                      @click="
-                        addPresetMapping('claude-3-5-haiku-20241022', 'claude-3-5-haiku-20241022')
-                      "
-                    >
-                      + Haiku 3.5
-                    </button>
                    <button
                      class="rounded-lg bg-emerald-100 px-3 py-1 text-xs text-emerald-700 transition-colors hover:bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-900/30 dark:text-emerald-400 dark:hover:bg-emerald-900/50"
                      type="button"
@@ -1650,6 +1662,47 @@
              </label>
            </div>

+            <!-- Claude 账户级串行队列开关 -->
+            <div v-if="form.platform === 'claude'" class="mt-4">
+              <label class="flex items-start">
+                <input
+                  v-model="form.serialQueueEnabled"
+                  class="mt-1 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
+                />
+                <div class="ml-3">
+                  <span class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                    启用账户级串行队列
+                  </span>
+                  <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                    开启后强制该账户的用户消息串行处理，忽略全局串行队列设置。适用于并发限制较低的账户。
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+              </label>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- 拦截预热请求开关（Claude 和 Claude Console） -->
+            <div
+              v-if="form.platform === 'claude' || form.platform === 'claude-console'"
+              class="mt-4"
+            >
+              <label class="flex items-start">
+                <input
+                  v-model="form.interceptWarmup"
+                  class="mt-1 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
+                />
+                <div class="ml-3">
+                  <span class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                    拦截预热请求
+                  </span>
+                  <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                    启用后，对标题生成、Warmup 等低价值请求直接返回模拟响应，不消耗上游 API 额度
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+              </label>
+            </div>
+
            <!-- Claude User-Agent 版本配置 -->
            <div v-if="form.platform === 'claude'" class="mt-4">
              <label class="flex items-start">
@@ -1801,7 +1854,7 @@
                    Token，建议也一并填写以支持自动刷新。
                  </p>
                  <p
-                    v-else-if="form.platform === 'gemini'"
+                    v-else-if="form.platform === 'gemini' || form.platform === 'gemini-antigravity'"
                    class="mb-2 text-sm text-blue-800 dark:text-blue-300"
                  >
                    请输入有效的 Gemini Access Token。如果您有 Refresh
@@ -1838,12 +1891,14 @@
                      文件中的凭证， 请勿使用 Claude 官网 API Keys 页面的密钥。
                    </p>
                    <p
-                      v-else-if="form.platform === 'gemini'"
+                      v-else-if="
+                        form.platform === 'gemini' || form.platform === 'gemini-antigravity'
+                      "
                      class="text-xs text-blue-800 dark:text-blue-300"
                    >
                      请从已登录 Gemini CLI 的机器上获取
                      <code class="rounded bg-blue-100 px-1 py-0.5 font-mono dark:bg-blue-900/50"
-                        >~/.config/gemini/credentials.json</code
+                        >~/.config/.gemini/oauth_creds.json</code
                      >
                      文件中的凭证。
                    </p>
@@ -2568,7 +2623,7 @@
          </div>

          <!-- Gemini 项目 ID 字段 -->
-          <div v-if="form.platform === 'gemini'">
+          <div v-if="form.platform === 'gemini' || form.platform === 'gemini-antigravity'">
            <label class="mb-3 block text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300"
              >项目 ID (可选)</label
            >
@@ -2633,6 +2688,44 @@
            </label>
          </div>

+          <!-- Claude 账户级串行队列开关（编辑模式） -->
+          <div v-if="form.platform === 'claude'" class="mt-4">
+            <label class="flex items-start">
+              <input
+                v-model="form.serialQueueEnabled"
+                class="mt-1 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                type="checkbox"
+              />
+              <div class="ml-3">
+                <span class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                  启用账户级串行队列
+                </span>
+                <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                  开启后强制该账户的用户消息串行处理，忽略全局串行队列设置。适用于并发限制较低的账户。
+                </p>
+              </div>
+            </label>
+          </div>
+
+          <!-- 拦截预热请求开关（Claude 和 Claude Console 编辑模式） -->
+          <div v-if="form.platform === 'claude' || form.platform === 'claude-console'" class="mt-4">
+            <label class="flex items-start">
+              <input
+                v-model="form.interceptWarmup"
+                class="mt-1 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                type="checkbox"
+              />
+              <div class="ml-3">
+                <span class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                  拦截预热请求
+                </span>
+                <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                  启用后，对标题生成、Warmup 等低价值请求直接返回模拟响应，不消耗上游 API 额度
+                </p>
+              </div>
+            </label>
+          </div>
+
          <!-- Claude User-Agent 版本配置（编辑模式） -->
          <div v-if="form.platform === 'claude'" class="mt-4">
            <label class="flex items-start">
@@ -3819,7 +3912,7 @@ const determinePlatformGroup = (platform) => {
    return 'claude'
  } else if (['openai', 'openai-responses', 'azure_openai'].includes(platform)) {
    return 'openai'
-  } else if (['gemini', 'gemini-api'].includes(platform)) {
+  } else if (['gemini', 'gemini-antigravity', 'gemini-api'].includes(platform)) {
    return 'gemini'
  } else if (platform === 'droid') {
    return 'droid'
@@ -3954,7 +4047,8 @@ const form = ref({
  platform: props.account?.platform || 'claude',
  addType: (() => {
    const platform = props.account?.platform || 'claude'
-    if (platform === 'gemini' || platform === 'openai') return 'oauth'
+    if (platform === 'gemini' || platform === 'gemini-antigravity' || platform === 'openai')
+      return 'oauth'
    if (platform === 'claude') return 'oauth'
    return 'manual'
  })(),
@@ -3967,6 +4061,9 @@ const form = ref({
  useUnifiedUserAgent: props.account?.useUnifiedUserAgent || false, // 使用统一Claude Code版本
  useUnifiedClientId: props.account?.useUnifiedClientId || false, // 使用统一的客户端标识
  unifiedClientId: props.account?.unifiedClientId || '', // 统一的客户端标识
+  serialQueueEnabled: (props.account?.maxConcurrency || 0) > 0, // 账户级串行队列开关
+  interceptWarmup:
+    props.account?.interceptWarmup === true || props.account?.interceptWarmup === 'true', // 拦截预热请求
  groupId: '',
  groupIds: [],
  projectId: props.account?.projectId || '',
@@ -4293,7 +4390,7 @@ const selectPlatformGroup = (group) => {
  } else if (group === 'openai') {
    form.value.platform = 'openai'
  } else if (group === 'gemini') {
-    form.value.platform = 'gemini'
+    form.value.platform = 'gemini' // Default to Gemini CLI, user can select Antigravity
  } else if (group === 'droid') {
    form.value.platform = 'droid'
  }
@@ -4330,7 +4427,11 @@ const nextStep = async () => {
  }

  // 对于Gemini账户，检查项目 ID
-  if (form.value.platform === 'gemini' && oauthStep.value === 1 && form.value.addType === 'oauth') {
+  if (
+    (form.value.platform === 'gemini' || form.value.platform === 'gemini-antigravity') &&
+    oauthStep.value === 1 &&
+    form.value.addType === 'oauth'
+  ) {
    if (!form.value.projectId || form.value.projectId.trim() === '') {
      // 使用自定义确认弹窗
      const confirmed = await showConfirm(
@@ -4553,9 +4654,11 @@ const buildClaudeAccountData = (tokenInfo, accountName, clientId) => {
    claudeAiOauth: claudeOauthPayload,
    priority: form.value.priority || 50,
    autoStopOnWarning: form.value.autoStopOnWarning || false,
+    interceptWarmup: form.value.interceptWarmup || false,
    useUnifiedUserAgent: form.value.useUnifiedUserAgent || false,
    useUnifiedClientId: form.value.useUnifiedClientId || false,
    unifiedClientId: clientId,
+    maxConcurrency: form.value.serialQueueEnabled ? 1 : 0,
    subscriptionInfo: {
      accountType: form.value.subscriptionType || 'claude_max',
      hasClaudeMax: form.value.subscriptionType === 'claude_max',
@@ -4693,6 +4796,7 @@ const handleOAuthSuccess = async (tokenInfoOrList) => {
      data.useUnifiedUserAgent = form.value.useUnifiedUserAgent || false
      data.useUnifiedClientId = form.value.useUnifiedClientId || false
      data.unifiedClientId = form.value.unifiedClientId || ''
+      data.maxConcurrency = form.value.serialQueueEnabled ? 1 : 0
      // 添加订阅类型信息
      data.subscriptionInfo = {
        accountType: form.value.subscriptionType || 'claude_max',
@@ -4700,9 +4804,14 @@ const handleOAuthSuccess = async (tokenInfoOrList) => {
        hasClaudePro: form.value.subscriptionType === 'claude_pro',
        manuallySet: true // 标记为手动设置
      }
-    } else if (currentPlatform === 'gemini') {
-      // Gemini使用geminiOauth字段
+    } else if (currentPlatform === 'gemini' || currentPlatform === 'gemini-antigravity') {
+      // Gemini/Antigravity使用geminiOauth字段
      data.geminiOauth = tokenInfo.tokens || tokenInfo
+      // 根据 platform 设置 oauthProvider
+      data.oauthProvider =
+        currentPlatform === 'gemini-antigravity'
+          ? 'antigravity'
+          : tokenInfo.oauthProvider || 'gemini-cli'
      if (form.value.projectId) {
        data.projectId = form.value.projectId
      }
@@ -5016,6 +5125,7 @@ const createAccount = async () => {
      data.useUnifiedUserAgent = form.value.useUnifiedUserAgent || false
      data.useUnifiedClientId = form.value.useUnifiedClientId || false
      data.unifiedClientId = form.value.unifiedClientId || ''
+      data.maxConcurrency = form.value.serialQueueEnabled ? 1 : 0
      // 添加订阅类型信息
      data.subscriptionInfo = {
        accountType: form.value.subscriptionType || 'claude_max',
@@ -5107,6 +5217,7 @@ const createAccount = async () => {
      // 上游错误处理（仅 Claude Console）
      if (form.value.platform === 'claude-console') {
        data.disableAutoProtection = !!form.value.disableAutoProtection
+        data.interceptWarmup = !!form.value.interceptWarmup
      }
      // 额度管理字段
      data.dailyQuota = form.value.dailyQuota || 0
@@ -5122,6 +5233,10 @@ const createAccount = async () => {
      data.rateLimitDuration = 60 // 默认值60，不从用户输入获取
      data.dailyQuota = form.value.dailyQuota || 0
      data.quotaResetTime = form.value.quotaResetTime || '00:00'
+    } else if (form.value.platform === 'gemini-antigravity') {
+      // Antigravity OAuth - set oauthProvider, submission happens below
+      data.oauthProvider = 'antigravity'
+      data.priority = form.value.priority || 50
    } else if (form.value.platform === 'gemini-api') {
      // Gemini API 账户特定数据
      data.baseUrl = form.value.baseUrl || 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com'
@@ -5173,7 +5288,7 @@ const createAccount = async () => {
      result = await accountsStore.createOpenAIAccount(data)
    } else if (form.value.platform === 'azure_openai') {
      result = await accountsStore.createAzureOpenAIAccount(data)
-    } else if (form.value.platform === 'gemini') {
+    } else if (form.value.platform === 'gemini' || form.value.platform === 'gemini-antigravity') {
      result = await accountsStore.createGeminiAccount(data)
    } else if (form.value.platform === 'gemini-api') {
      result = await accountsStore.createGeminiApiAccount(data)
@@ -5403,9 +5518,11 @@ const updateAccount = async () => {

      data.priority = form.value.priority || 50
      data.autoStopOnWarning = form.value.autoStopOnWarning || false
+      data.interceptWarmup = form.value.interceptWarmup || false
      data.useUnifiedUserAgent = form.value.useUnifiedUserAgent || false
      data.useUnifiedClientId = form.value.useUnifiedClientId || false
      data.unifiedClientId = form.value.unifiedClientId || ''
+      data.maxConcurrency = form.value.serialQueueEnabled ? 1 : 0
      // 更新订阅类型信息
      data.subscriptionInfo = {
        accountType: form.value.subscriptionType || 'claude_max',
@@ -5438,6 +5555,8 @@ const updateAccount = async () => {
      data.rateLimitDuration = form.value.enableRateLimit ? form.value.rateLimitDuration || 60 : 0
      // 上游错误处理
      data.disableAutoProtection = !!form.value.disableAutoProtection
+      // 拦截预热请求
+      data.interceptWarmup = !!form.value.interceptWarmup
      // 额度管理字段
      data.dailyQuota = form.value.dailyQuota || 0
      data.quotaResetTime = form.value.quotaResetTime || '00:00'
@@ -6006,9 +6125,12 @@ watch(
        accountType: newAccount.accountType || 'shared',
        subscriptionType: subscriptionType,
        autoStopOnWarning: newAccount.autoStopOnWarning || false,
+        interceptWarmup:
+          newAccount.interceptWarmup === true || newAccount.interceptWarmup === 'true',
        useUnifiedUserAgent: newAccount.useUnifiedUserAgent || false,
        useUnifiedClientId: newAccount.useUnifiedClientId || false,
        unifiedClientId: newAccount.unifiedClientId || '',
+        serialQueueEnabled: (newAccount.maxConcurrency || 0) > 0,
        groupId: groupId,
        groupIds: [],
        projectId: newAccount.projectId || '',
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/AccountScheduledTestModal.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/AccountScheduledTestModal.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+<template>
+  <Teleport to="body">
+    <div
+      v-if="show"
+      class="fixed inset-0 z-[1050] flex items-center justify-center bg-gray-900/40 backdrop-blur-sm"
+    >
+      <div class="absolute inset-0" @click="handleClose" />
+      <div
+        class="relative z-10 mx-3 flex w-full max-w-lg flex-col overflow-hidden rounded-2xl border border-gray-200/70 bg-white/95 shadow-2xl ring-1 ring-black/5 transition-all dark:border-gray-700/60 dark:bg-gray-900/95 dark:ring-white/10 sm:mx-4"
+      >
+        <!-- 顶部栏 -->
+        <div
+          class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-gray-100 bg-white/80 px-5 py-4 backdrop-blur dark:border-gray-800 dark:bg-gray-900/80"
+        >
+          <div class="flex items-center gap-3">
+            <div
+              class="flex h-10 w-10 flex-shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-xl bg-gradient-to-br from-amber-500 to-orange-500 text-white shadow-lg"
+            >
+              <i class="fas fa-clock" />
+            </div>
+            <div>
+              <h3 class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">定时测试配置</h3>
+              <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                {{ account?.name || '未知账户' }}
+              </p>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            class="flex h-9 w-9 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-gray-100 text-gray-500 transition hover:bg-gray-200 hover:text-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-200"
+            :disabled="saving"
+            @click="handleClose"
+          >
+            <i class="fas fa-times text-sm" />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- 内容区域 -->
+        <div class="px-5 py-4">
+          <!-- 加载状态 -->
+          <div v-if="loading" class="flex items-center justify-center py-8">
+            <i class="fas fa-spinner fa-spin mr-2 text-blue-500" />
+            <span class="text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">加载配置中...</span>
+          </div>
+
+          <template v-else>
+            <!-- 启用开关 -->
+            <div class="mb-5 flex items-center justify-between">
+              <div>
+                <p class="font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">启用定时测试</p>
+                <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">按计划自动测试账户连通性</p>
+              </div>
+              <button
+                :class="[
+                  'relative h-6 w-11 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200',
+                  config.enabled ? 'bg-green-500' : 'bg-gray-300 dark:bg-gray-600'
+                ]"
+                @click="config.enabled = !config.enabled"
+              >
+                <span
+                  :class="[
+                    'absolute top-0.5 h-5 w-5 rounded-full bg-white shadow-md transition-transform duration-200',
+                    config.enabled ? 'left-5' : 'left-0.5'
+                  ]"
+                />
+              </button>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- Cron 表达式配置 -->
+            <div class="mb-5">
+              <label class="mb-2 block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                Cron 表达式
+              </label>
+              <input
+                v-model="config.cronExpression"
+                class="w-full rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 placeholder-gray-400 transition focus:border-blue-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500/20 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:placeholder-gray-500"
+                :disabled="!config.enabled"
+                placeholder="0 8 * * *"
+                type="text"
+              />
+              <p class="mt-1.5 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                格式: 分 时 日 月 周 (例: "0 8 * * *" = 每天8:00)
+              </p>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- 快捷选项 -->
+            <div class="mb-5">
+              <label class="mb-2 block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                快捷设置
+              </label>
+              <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+                <button
+                  v-for="preset in cronPresets"
+                  :key="preset.value"
+                  :class="[
+                    'rounded-lg border px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium transition',
+                    config.cronExpression === preset.value
+                      ? 'border-blue-500 bg-blue-50 text-blue-700 dark:border-blue-400 dark:bg-blue-900/30 dark:text-blue-300'
+                      : 'border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700',
+                    !config.enabled && 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-50'
+                  ]"
+                  :disabled="!config.enabled"
+                  @click="config.cronExpression = preset.value"
+                >
+                  {{ preset.label }}
+                </button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- 测试模型选择 -->
+            <div class="mb-5">
+              <label class="mb-2 block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                测试模型
+              </label>
+              <input
+                v-model="config.model"
+                class="w-full rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-700 placeholder-gray-400 transition focus:border-blue-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500/20 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:placeholder-gray-500"
+                :disabled="!config.enabled"
+                placeholder="claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929"
+                type="text"
+              />
+              <div class="mt-2 flex flex-wrap gap-2">
+                <button
+                  v-for="modelOption in modelOptions"
+                  :key="modelOption.value"
+                  :class="[
+                    'rounded-lg border px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium transition',
+                    config.model === modelOption.value
+                      ? 'border-blue-500 bg-blue-50 text-blue-700 dark:border-blue-400 dark:bg-blue-900/30 dark:text-blue-300'
+                      : 'border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-gray-700',
+                    !config.enabled && 'cursor-not-allowed opacity-50'
+                  ]"
+                  :disabled="!config.enabled"
+                  @click="config.model = modelOption.value"
+                >
+                  {{ modelOption.label }}
+                </button>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- 测试历史 -->
+            <div v-if="testHistory.length > 0" class="mb-4">
+              <label class="mb-2 block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                最近测试记录
+              </label>
+              <div
+                class="max-h-40 space-y-2 overflow-y-auto rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-3 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800/50"
+              >
+                <div
+                  v-for="(record, index) in testHistory"
+                  :key="index"
+                  class="flex items-center justify-between text-xs"
+                >
+                  <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
+                    <i
+                      :class="[
+                        'fas',
+                        record.success
+                          ? 'fa-check-circle text-green-500'
+                          : 'fa-times-circle text-red-500'
+                      ]"
+                    />
+                    <span class="text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+                      {{ formatTimestamp(record.timestamp) }}
+                    </span>
+                  </div>
+                  <span v-if="record.latencyMs" class="text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-500">
+                    {{ record.latencyMs }}ms
+                  </span>
+                  <span
+                    v-else-if="record.error"
+                    class="max-w-[150px] truncate text-red-500"
+                    :title="record.error"
+                  >
+                    {{ record.error }}
+                  </span>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <!-- 无历史记录 -->
+            <div
+              v-else
+              class="mb-4 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-4 text-center text-sm text-gray-500 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800/50 dark:text-gray-400"
+            >
+              <i class="fas fa-history mb-2 text-2xl text-gray-300 dark:text-gray-600" />
+              <p>暂无测试记录</p>
+            </div>
+          </template>
+        </div>
+
+        <!-- 底部操作栏 -->
+        <div
+          class="flex items-center justify-end gap-3 border-t border-gray-100 bg-gray-50/80 px-5 py-3 dark:border-gray-800 dark:bg-gray-900/50"
+        >
+          <button
+            class="rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 shadow-sm transition hover:bg-gray-50 hover:shadow dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-700"
+            :disabled="saving"
+            @click="handleClose"
+          >
+            取消
+          </button>
+          <button
+            :class="[
+              'flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium shadow-sm transition',
+              saving
+                ? 'cursor-not-allowed bg-gray-200 text-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500'
+                : 'bg-gradient-to-r from-blue-500 to-indigo-500 text-white hover:from-blue-600 hover:to-indigo-600 hover:shadow-md'
+            ]"
+            :disabled="saving || loading"
+            @click="saveConfig"
+          >
+            <i :class="['fas', saving ? 'fa-spinner fa-spin' : 'fa-save']" />
+            {{ saving ? '保存中...' : '保存配置' }}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </Teleport>
+</template>
+
+<script setup>
+import { ref, watch } from 'vue'
+import { API_PREFIX } from '@/config/api'
+import { showToast } from '@/utils/toast'
+
+const props = defineProps({
+  show: {
+    type: Boolean,
+    default: false
+  },
+  account: {
+    type: Object,
+    default: null
+  }
+})
+
+const emit = defineEmits(['close', 'saved'])
+
+// 状态
+const loading = ref(false)
+const saving = ref(false)
+const config = ref({
+  enabled: false,
+  cronExpression: '0 8 * * *',
+  model: 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929'
+})
+const testHistory = ref([])
+
+// Cron 预设选项
+const cronPresets = [
+  { label: '每天 8:00', value: '0 8 * * *' },
+  { label: '每天 12:00', value: '0 12 * * *' },
+  { label: '每天 18:00', value: '0 18 * * *' },
+  { label: '每6小时', value: '0 */6 * * *' },
+  { label: '每12小时', value: '0 */12 * * *' },
+  { label: '工作日 9:00', value: '0 9 * * 1-5' }
+]
+
+// 模型选项
+const modelOptions = [
+  { label: 'Claude Sonnet 4.5', value: 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929' },
+  { label: 'Claude Haiku 4.5', value: 'claude-haiku-4-5-20251001' },
+  { label: 'Claude Opus 4.5', value: 'claude-opus-4-5-20251101' }
+]
+
+// 格式化时间戳
+function formatTimestamp(timestamp) {
+  if (!timestamp) return '未知'
+  const date = new Date(timestamp)
+  return date.toLocaleString('zh-CN', {
+    month: '2-digit',
+    day: '2-digit',
+    hour: '2-digit',
+    minute: '2-digit'
+  })
+}
+
+// 加载配置
+async function loadConfig() {
+  if (!props.account) return
+
+  loading.value = true
+  try {
+    const authToken = localStorage.getItem('authToken')
+    const platform = props.account.platform
+
+    // 根据平台获取配置端点
+    let endpoint = ''
+    if (platform === 'claude') {
+      endpoint = `${API_PREFIX}/admin/claude-accounts/${props.account.id}/test-config`
+    } else {
+      // 其他平台暂不支持
+      loading.value = false
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 获取配置
+    const configRes = await fetch(endpoint, {
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: authToken ? `Bearer ${authToken}` : ''
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (configRes.ok) {
+      const data = await configRes.json()
+      if (data.success && data.data?.config) {
+        config.value = {
+          enabled: data.data.config.enabled || false,
+          cronExpression: data.data.config.cronExpression || '0 8 * * *',
+          model: data.data.config.model || 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929'
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 获取测试历史
+    const historyEndpoint = endpoint.replace('/test-config', '/test-history')
+    const historyRes = await fetch(historyEndpoint, {
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: authToken ? `Bearer ${authToken}` : ''
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (historyRes.ok) {
+      const historyData = await historyRes.json()
+      if (historyData.success && historyData.data?.history) {
+        testHistory.value = historyData.data.history
+      }
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    showToast('加载配置失败: ' + err.message, 'error')
+  } finally {
+    loading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+// 保存配置
+async function saveConfig() {
+  if (!props.account) return
+
+  saving.value = true
+  try {
+    const authToken = localStorage.getItem('authToken')
+    const platform = props.account.platform
+
+    let endpoint = ''
+    if (platform === 'claude') {
+      endpoint = `${API_PREFIX}/admin/claude-accounts/${props.account.id}/test-config`
+    } else {
+      saving.value = false
+      return
+    }
+
+    const res = await fetch(endpoint, {
+      method: 'PUT',
+      headers: {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        Authorization: authToken ? `Bearer ${authToken}` : ''
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        enabled: config.value.enabled,
+        cronExpression: config.value.cronExpression,
+        model: config.value.model
+      })
+    })
+
+    if (res.ok) {
+      showToast('配置已保存', 'success')
+      emit('saved')
+      handleClose()
+    } else {
+      const errorData = await res.json().catch(() => ({}))
+      showToast(errorData.message || '保存失败', 'error')
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    showToast('保存失败: ' + err.message, 'error')
+  } finally {
+    saving.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+// 关闭模态框
+function handleClose() {
+  if (saving.value) return
+  emit('close')
+}
+
+// 监听 show 变化，加载配置
+watch(
+  () => props.show,
+  (newVal) => {
+    if (newVal) {
+      config.value = {
+        enabled: false,
+        cronExpression: '0 8 * * *',
+        model: 'claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929'
+      }
+      testHistory.value = []
+      loadConfig()
+    }
+  }
+)
+</script>
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/BalanceDisplay.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/BalanceDisplay.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+<template>
+  <div class="min-w-[200px] space-y-1">
+    <div v-if="loading" class="flex items-center gap-2">
+      <i class="fas fa-spinner fa-spin text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500"></i>
+      <span class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">加载中...</span>
+    </div>
+
+    <div v-else-if="requestError" class="flex items-center gap-2">
+      <i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle text-red-500"></i>
+      <span class="text-xs text-red-600 dark:text-red-400">{{ requestError }}</span>
+      <button
+        class="text-xs text-blue-500 hover:text-blue-600 dark:text-blue-400"
+        :disabled="refreshing"
+        @click="reload"
+      >
+        重试
+      </button>
+    </div>
+
+    <div v-else-if="balanceData" class="space-y-1">
+      <div v-if="balanceData.status === 'error' && balanceData.error" class="text-xs text-red-500">
+        {{ balanceData.error }}
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2">
+        <div class="flex items-center gap-2">
+          <i
+            class="fas"
+            :class="
+              balanceData.balance
+                ? 'fa-wallet text-green-600 dark:text-green-400'
+                : 'fa-chart-line text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400'
+            "
+          ></i>
+          <span class="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">
+            {{ primaryText }}
+          </span>
+          <span class="rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 text-xs" :class="sourceClass">
+            {{ sourceLabel }}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+
+        <button
+          v-if="!hideRefresh"
+          class="text-xs text-gray-500 hover:text-blue-600 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-40 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-blue-400"
+          :disabled="refreshing || !canRefresh"
+          :title="refreshTitle"
+          @click="refresh"
+        >
+          <i class="fas fa-sync-alt" :class="{ 'fa-spin': refreshing }"></i>
+        </button>
+      </div>
+
+      <!-- 配额（如适用） -->
+      <div v-if="quotaInfo && isAntigravityQuota" class="space-y-2">
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+          <span>剩余</span>
+          <span>{{ formatQuotaNumber(quotaInfo.remaining) }}</span>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="space-y-1">
+          <div
+            v-for="row in antigravityRows"
+            :key="row.category"
+            class="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md bg-gray-50 px-2 py-1.5 dark:bg-gray-700/60"
+          >
+            <span class="h-2 w-2 shrink-0 rounded-full" :class="row.dotClass"></span>
+            <span
+              class="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-xs font-medium text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100"
+              :title="row.category"
+            >
+              {{ row.category }}
+            </span>
+
+            <div class="flex w-[94px] flex-col gap-0.5">
+              <div class="h-1.5 w-full rounded-full bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-600">
+                <div
+                  class="h-1.5 rounded-full transition-all"
+                  :class="row.barClass"
+                  :style="{ width: `${row.remainingPercent ?? 0}%` }"
+                ></div>
+              </div>
+              <div
+                class="flex items-center justify-between text-[11px] text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-300"
+              >
+                <span>{{ row.remainingText }}</span>
+                <span v-if="row.resetAt" class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-400">{{
+                  formatResetTime(row.resetAt)
+                }}</span>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div v-else-if="quotaInfo" class="space-y-1">
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+          <span>已用: {{ formatQuotaNumber(quotaInfo.used) }}</span>
+          <span>剩余: {{ formatQuotaNumber(quotaInfo.remaining) }}</span>
+        </div>
+        <div class="h-1.5 w-full rounded-full bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700">
+          <div
+            class="h-1.5 rounded-full transition-all"
+            :class="quotaBarClass"
+            :style="{ width: `${Math.min(100, quotaInfo.percentage)}%` }"
+          ></div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between text-xs">
+          <span class="text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            {{ quotaInfo.percentage.toFixed(1) }}% 已使用
+          </span>
+          <span v-if="quotaInfo.resetAt" class="text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">
+            重置: {{ formatResetTime(quotaInfo.resetAt) }}
+          </span>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div v-else-if="balanceData.quota?.unlimited" class="flex items-center gap-2">
+        <i class="fas fa-infinity text-blue-500 dark:text-blue-400"></i>
+        <span class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">无限制</span>
+      </div>
+
+      <div
+        v-if="balanceData.cacheExpiresAt && balanceData.source === 'cache'"
+        class="text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500"
+      >
+        缓存至: {{ formatCacheExpiry(balanceData.cacheExpiresAt) }}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div v-else class="text-xs text-gray-400 dark:text-gray-500">暂无余额数据</div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<script setup>
+import { ref, computed, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
+import { apiClient } from '@/config/api'
+
+const props = defineProps({
+  accountId: { type: String, required: true },
+  platform: { type: String, required: true },
+  initialBalance: { type: Object, default: null },
+  hideRefresh: { type: Boolean, default: false },
+  autoLoad: { type: Boolean, default: true },
+  queryMode: { type: String, default: 'local' } // local | auto | api
+})
+
+const emit = defineEmits(['refreshed', 'error'])
+
+const balanceData = ref(props.initialBalance)
+const loading = ref(false)
+const refreshing = ref(false)
+const requestError = ref(null)
+
+const sourceClass = computed(() => {
+  const source = balanceData.value?.source
+  return {
+    'bg-blue-100 text-blue-700 dark:bg-blue-900/40 dark:text-blue-300': source === 'api',
+    'bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700/60 dark:text-gray-300': source === 'cache',
+    'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 dark:bg-yellow-900/40 dark:text-yellow-300': source === 'local'
+  }
+})
+
+const sourceLabel = computed(() => {
+  const source = balanceData.value?.source
+  return { api: 'API', cache: '缓存', local: '本地' }[source] || '未知'
+})
+
+const quotaInfo = computed(() => {
+  const quota = balanceData.value?.quota
+  if (!quota || quota.unlimited) return null
+  if (typeof quota.percentage !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(quota.percentage)) return null
+  return {
+    used: quota.used ?? 0,
+    remaining: quota.remaining ?? 0,
+    percentage: quota.percentage,
+    resetAt: quota.resetAt || null
+  }
+})
+
+const isAntigravityQuota = computed(() => {
+  return balanceData.value?.quota?.type === 'antigravity'
+})
+
+const antigravityRows = computed(() => {
+  if (!isAntigravityQuota.value) return []
+
+  const buckets = balanceData.value?.quota?.buckets
+  const list = Array.isArray(buckets) ? buckets : []
+  const map = new Map(list.map((b) => [b?.category, b]))
+
+  const order = ['Gemini Pro', 'Claude', 'Gemini Flash', 'Gemini Image']
+  const styles = {
+    'Gemini Pro': { dotClass: 'bg-blue-500', barClass: 'bg-blue-500 dark:bg-blue-400' },
+    Claude: { dotClass: 'bg-purple-500', barClass: 'bg-purple-500 dark:bg-purple-400' },
+    'Gemini Flash': { dotClass: 'bg-cyan-500', barClass: 'bg-cyan-500 dark:bg-cyan-400' },
+    'Gemini Image': { dotClass: 'bg-emerald-500', barClass: 'bg-emerald-500 dark:bg-emerald-400' }
+  }
+
+  return order.map((category) => {
+    const raw = map.get(category) || null
+    const remaining = raw?.remaining
+    const remainingPercent = Number.isFinite(Number(remaining))
+      ? Math.max(0, Math.min(100, Number(remaining)))
+      : null
+
+    return {
+      category,
+      remainingPercent,
+      remainingText: remainingPercent === null ? '—' : `${Math.round(remainingPercent)}%`,
+      resetAt: raw?.resetAt || null,
+      dotClass: styles[category]?.dotClass || 'bg-gray-400',
+      barClass: styles[category]?.barClass || 'bg-gray-400'
+    }
+  })
+})
+
+const quotaBarClass = computed(() => {
+  const percentage = quotaInfo.value?.percentage || 0
+  if (percentage >= 90) return 'bg-red-500 dark:bg-red-600'
+  if (percentage >= 70) return 'bg-yellow-500 dark:bg-yellow-600'
+  return 'bg-green-500 dark:bg-green-600'
+})
+
+const canRefresh = computed(() => {
+  // antigravity 配额：允许直接触发 Provider 刷新（无需脚本）
+  if (props.queryMode === 'api' || props.queryMode === 'auto') {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // 其他平台：仅在“已启用脚本且该账户配置了脚本”时允许刷新，避免误导（非脚本 Provider 多为降级策略）
+  const data = balanceData.value
+  if (!data) return false
+  if (data.scriptEnabled === false) return false
+  return !!data.scriptConfigured
+})
+
+const refreshTitle = computed(() => {
+  if (refreshing.value) return '刷新中...'
+  if (!canRefresh.value) {
+    if (balanceData.value?.scriptEnabled === false) {
+      return '余额脚本功能已禁用'
+    }
+    return '请先配置余额脚本'
+  }
+  if (isAntigravityQuota.value) {
+    return '刷新配额（调用 Antigravity API）'
+  }
+  return '刷新余额（调用脚本配置的余额 API）'
+})
+
+const primaryText = computed(() => {
+  if (balanceData.value?.balance?.formattedAmount) {
+    return balanceData.value.balance.formattedAmount
+  }
+  const dailyCost = Number(balanceData.value?.statistics?.dailyCost || 0)
+  return `今日成本 ${formatCurrency(dailyCost)}`
+})
+
+const load = async () => {
+  if (!props.autoLoad) return
+  if (!props.accountId || !props.platform) return
+
+  loading.value = true
+  requestError.value = null
+
+  try {
+    const response = await apiClient.get(`/admin/accounts/${props.accountId}/balance`, {
+      params: {
+        platform: props.platform,
+        queryApi: props.queryMode === 'api' ? true : props.queryMode === 'auto' ? 'auto' : false
+      }
+    })
+    if (response?.success) {
+      balanceData.value = response.data
+    } else {
+      requestError.value = response?.error || '加载失败'
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    requestError.value = error.message || '网络错误'
+    emit('error', error)
+  } finally {
+    loading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const refresh = async () => {
+  if (!props.accountId || !props.platform) return
+  if (refreshing.value) return
+  if (!canRefresh.value) return
+
+  refreshing.value = true
+  requestError.value = null
+
+  try {
+    const response = await apiClient.post(`/admin/accounts/${props.accountId}/balance/refresh`, {
+      platform: props.platform
+    })
+    if (response?.success) {
+      balanceData.value = response.data
+      emit('refreshed', response.data)
+    } else {
+      requestError.value = response?.error || '刷新失败'
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    requestError.value = error.message || '网络错误'
+    emit('error', error)
+  } finally {
+    refreshing.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const reload = async () => {
+  await load()
+}
+
+const formatNumber = (num) => {
+  if (num === Infinity) return '∞'
+  const value = Number(num)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 'N/A'
+  return value.toLocaleString('zh-CN', { maximumFractionDigits: 2 })
+}
+
+const formatQuotaNumber = (num) => {
+  if (num === Infinity) return '∞'
+  const value = Number(num)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return 'N/A'
+  if (isAntigravityQuota.value) {
+    return `${Math.round(value)}%`
+  }
+  return formatNumber(value)
+}
+
+const formatCurrency = (amount) => {
+  const value = Number(amount)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return '$0.00'
+  if (value >= 1) return `$${value.toFixed(2)}`
+  if (value >= 0.01) return `$${value.toFixed(3)}`
+  return `$${value.toFixed(6)}`
+}
+
+const formatResetTime = (isoString) => {
+  const date = new Date(isoString)
+  const now = new Date()
+  const diff = date.getTime() - now.getTime()
+  if (!Number.isFinite(diff)) return '未知'
+  if (diff < 0) return '已过期'
+
+  const minutes = Math.floor(diff / (1000 * 60))
+  const hours = Math.floor(minutes / 60)
+  const remainMinutes = minutes % 60
+  if (hours >= 24) {
+    const days = Math.floor(hours / 24)
+    return `${days}天后`
+  }
+  return `${hours}小时${remainMinutes}分钟`
+}
+
+const formatCacheExpiry = (isoString) => {
+  const date = new Date(isoString)
+  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return '未知'
+  return date.toLocaleTimeString('zh-CN', { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' })
+}
+
+watch(
+  () => props.initialBalance,
+  (newVal) => {
+    if (newVal) {
+      balanceData.value = newVal
+    }
+  }
+)
+
+onMounted(() => {
+  if (!props.initialBalance) {
+    load()
+  }
+})
+
+defineExpose({ refresh, reload })
+</script>
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/OAuthFlow.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/accounts/OAuthFlow.vue
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
    </div>

    <!-- Gemini OAuth流程 -->
-    <div v-else-if="platform === 'gemini'">
+    <div v-else-if="platform === 'gemini' || platform === 'gemini-antigravity'">
      <div
        class="rounded-lg border border-green-200 bg-green-50 p-6 dark:border-green-700 dark:bg-green-900/30"
      >
@@ -303,6 +303,16 @@
              请按照以下步骤完成 Gemini 账户的授权：
            </p>

+            <!-- 授权来源显示（由平台类型决定） -->
+            <div class="mb-4">
+              <p class="text-sm text-green-800 dark:text-green-300">
+                <i class="fas fa-info-circle mr-1"></i>
+                授权类型：<span class="font-semibold">{{
+                  platform === 'gemini-antigravity' ? 'Antigravity OAuth' : 'Gemini CLI OAuth'
+                }}</span>
+              </p>
+            </div>
+
            <div class="space-y-4">
              <!-- 步骤1: 生成授权链接 -->
              <div
@@ -818,6 +828,13 @@ const exchanging = ref(false)
 const authUrl = ref('')
 const authCode = ref('')
 const copied = ref(false)
+// oauthProvider is now derived from platform prop
+const geminiOauthProvider = computed(() => {
+  if (props.platform === 'gemini-antigravity') {
+    return 'antigravity'
+  }
+  return 'gemini-cli'
+})
 const sessionId = ref('') // 保存sessionId用于后续交换
 const userCode = ref('')
 const verificationUri = ref('')
@@ -921,7 +938,11 @@ watch(authCode, (newValue) => {
        console.error('Failed to parse URL:', error)
        showToast('链接格式错误，请检查是否为完整的 URL', 'error')
      }
-    } else if (props.platform === 'gemini' || props.platform === 'openai') {
+    } else if (
+      props.platform === 'gemini' ||
+      props.platform === 'gemini-antigravity' ||
+      props.platform === 'openai'
+    ) {
      // Gemini 和 OpenAI 平台可能使用不同的回调URL
      // 尝试从任何URL中提取code参数
      try {
@@ -972,8 +993,11 @@ const generateAuthUrl = async () => {
      const result = await accountsStore.generateClaudeAuthUrl(proxyConfig)
      authUrl.value = result.authUrl
      sessionId.value = result.sessionId
-    } else if (props.platform === 'gemini') {
-      const result = await accountsStore.generateGeminiAuthUrl(proxyConfig)
+    } else if (props.platform === 'gemini' || props.platform === 'gemini-antigravity') {
+      const result = await accountsStore.generateGeminiAuthUrl({
+        ...proxyConfig,
+        oauthProvider: geminiOauthProvider.value
+      })
      authUrl.value = result.authUrl
      sessionId.value = result.sessionId
    } else if (props.platform === 'openai') {
@@ -996,6 +1020,8 @@ const generateAuthUrl = async () => {
  }
 }

+// onGeminiOauthProviderChange removed - oauthProvider is now computed from platform
+
 // 重新生成授权URL
 const regenerateAuthUrl = () => {
  stopCountdown()
@@ -1079,11 +1105,12 @@ const exchangeCode = async () => {
        sessionId: sessionId.value,
        callbackUrl: authCode.value.trim()
      }
-    } else if (props.platform === 'gemini') {
-      // Gemini使用code和sessionId
+    } else if (props.platform === 'gemini' || props.platform === 'gemini-antigravity') {
+      // Gemini/Antigravity使用code和sessionId
      data = {
        code: authCode.value.trim(),
-        sessionId: sessionId.value
+        sessionId: sessionId.value,
+        oauthProvider: geminiOauthProvider.value
      }
    } else if (props.platform === 'openai') {
      // OpenAI使用code和sessionId
@@ -1111,8 +1138,12 @@ const exchangeCode = async () => {
    let tokenInfo
    if (props.platform === 'claude') {
      tokenInfo = await accountsStore.exchangeClaudeCode(data)
-    } else if (props.platform === 'gemini') {
+    } else if (props.platform === 'gemini' || props.platform === 'gemini-antigravity') {
      tokenInfo = await accountsStore.exchangeGeminiCode(data)
+      // 附加 oauthProvider 信息到 tokenInfo
+      if (tokenInfo) {
+        tokenInfo.oauthProvider = geminiOauthProvider.value
+      }
    } else if (props.platform === 'openai') {
      tokenInfo = await accountsStore.exchangeOpenAICode(data)
    } else if (props.platform === 'droid') {
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/apikeys/CreateApiKeyModal.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/apikeys/CreateApiKeyModal.vue
@@ -579,55 +579,46 @@
            <label class="mb-2 block text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300"
              >服务权限</label
            >
-            <div class="flex gap-4">
+            <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4">
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
-                  value="all"
-                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">全部服务</span>
-              </label>
-              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
-                <input
-                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="claude"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 Claude</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Claude</span>
              </label>
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="gemini"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 Gemini</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Gemini</span>
              </label>
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="openai"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 OpenAI</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">OpenAI</span>
              </label>
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="droid"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 Droid</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Droid</span>
              </label>
            </div>
            <p class="mt-2 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              控制此 API Key 可以访问哪些服务
+              不选择任何服务表示允许访问全部服务
            </p>
          </div>

@@ -662,7 +653,7 @@
                  v-model="form.claudeAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.claude"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'claude'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('claude')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.claudeGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择Claude账号"
                  platform="claude"
@@ -676,7 +667,7 @@
                  v-model="form.geminiAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.gemini"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'gemini'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('gemini')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.geminiGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择Gemini账号"
                  platform="gemini"
@@ -690,7 +681,7 @@
                  v-model="form.openaiAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.openai"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'openai'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('openai')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.openaiGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择OpenAI账号"
                  platform="openai"
@@ -704,7 +695,7 @@
                  v-model="form.bedrockAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.bedrock"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'openai'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('claude')"
                  :groups="[]"
                  placeholder="请选择Bedrock账号"
                  platform="bedrock"
@@ -718,7 +709,7 @@
                  v-model="form.droidAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.droid"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'droid'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('droid')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.droidGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择Droid账号"
                  platform="droid"
@@ -966,7 +957,7 @@ const form = reactive({
  expirationMode: 'fixed', // 过期模式：fixed(固定) 或 activation(激活)
  activationDays: 30, // 激活后有效天数
  activationUnit: 'days', // 激活时间单位：hours 或 days
-  permissions: 'all',
+  permissions: [], // 数组格式，空数组表示全部服务
  claudeAccountId: '',
  geminiAccountId: '',
  openaiAccountId: '',
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/apikeys/EditApiKeyModal.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/apikeys/EditApiKeyModal.vue
@@ -412,55 +412,46 @@
            <label class="mb-3 block text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300"
              >服务权限</label
            >
-            <div class="flex gap-4">
+            <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-4">
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
-                  value="all"
-                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">全部服务</span>
-              </label>
-              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
-                <input
-                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="claude"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 Claude</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Claude</span>
              </label>
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="gemini"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 Gemini</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Gemini</span>
              </label>
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="openai"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 OpenAI</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">OpenAI</span>
              </label>
              <label class="flex cursor-pointer items-center">
                <input
                  v-model="form.permissions"
-                  class="mr-2 text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
-                  type="radio"
+                  class="mr-2 rounded text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700"
+                  type="checkbox"
                  value="droid"
                />
-                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">仅 Droid</span>
+                <span class="text-sm text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Droid</span>
              </label>
            </div>
            <p class="mt-2 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              控制此 API Key 可以访问哪些服务
+              不选择任何服务表示允许访问全部服务
            </p>
          </div>

@@ -495,7 +486,7 @@
                  v-model="form.claudeAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.claude"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'claude'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('claude')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.claudeGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择Claude账号"
                  platform="claude"
@@ -509,7 +500,7 @@
                  v-model="form.geminiAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.gemini"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'gemini'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('gemini')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.geminiGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择Gemini账号"
                  platform="gemini"
@@ -523,7 +514,7 @@
                  v-model="form.openaiAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.openai"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'openai'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('openai')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.openaiGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择OpenAI账号"
                  platform="openai"
@@ -537,7 +528,7 @@
                  v-model="form.bedrockAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.bedrock"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'openai'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('claude')"
                  :groups="[]"
                  placeholder="请选择Bedrock账号"
                  platform="bedrock"
@@ -551,7 +542,7 @@
                  v-model="form.droidAccountId"
                  :accounts="localAccounts.droid"
                  default-option-text="使用共享账号池"
-                  :disabled="form.permissions !== 'all' && form.permissions !== 'droid'"
+                  :disabled="form.permissions.length > 0 && !form.permissions.includes('droid')"
                  :groups="localAccounts.droidGroups"
                  placeholder="请选择Droid账号"
                  platform="droid"
@@ -800,7 +791,7 @@ const form = reactive({
  dailyCostLimit: '',
  totalCostLimit: '',
  weeklyOpusCostLimit: '',
-  permissions: 'all',
+  permissions: [], // 数组格式，空数组表示全部服务
  claudeAccountId: '',
  geminiAccountId: '',
  openaiAccountId: '',
@@ -1241,7 +1232,32 @@ onMounted(async () => {
  form.dailyCostLimit = props.apiKey.dailyCostLimit || ''
  form.totalCostLimit = props.apiKey.totalCostLimit || ''
  form.weeklyOpusCostLimit = props.apiKey.weeklyOpusCostLimit || ''
-  form.permissions = props.apiKey.permissions || 'all'
+  // 处理权限数据，兼容旧格式（字符串）和新格式（数组）
+  // 有效的权限值
+  const VALID_PERMS = ['claude', 'gemini', 'openai', 'droid']
+  let perms = props.apiKey.permissions
+  // 如果是字符串，尝试 JSON.parse（Redis 可能返回 "[]" 或 "[\"gemini\"]"）
+  if (typeof perms === 'string') {
+    if (perms === 'all' || perms === '') {
+      perms = []
+    } else if (perms.startsWith('[')) {
+      try {
+        perms = JSON.parse(perms)
+      } catch {
+        perms = VALID_PERMS.includes(perms) ? [perms] : []
+      }
+    } else if (VALID_PERMS.includes(perms)) {
+      perms = [perms]
+    } else {
+      perms = []
+    }
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(perms)) {
+    // 过滤掉无效值（如 "[]"）
+    form.permissions = perms.filter((p) => VALID_PERMS.includes(p))
+  } else {
+    form.permissions = []
+  }
  // 处理 Claude 账号（区分 OAuth 和 Console）
  if (props.apiKey.claudeConsoleAccountId) {
    form.claudeAccountId = `console:${props.apiKey.claudeConsoleAccountId}`
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/components/apistats/LimitConfig.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/components/apistats/LimitConfig.vue
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@
    </div>

    <!-- 详细限制信息 -->
-    <div v-if="hasModelRestrictions" class="card p-4 md:p-6">
+    <div v-if="hasModelRestrictions" class="card !overflow-visible p-4 md:p-6">
      <h3
        class="mb-3 flex items-center text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 md:mb-4 md:text-xl"
      >
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@
          <i class="fas fa-robot mr-1 text-xs md:mr-2 md:text-sm" />
          受限模型列表
        </h4>
-        <div class="space-y-1 md:space-y-2">
+        <div class="max-h-64 space-y-1 overflow-y-auto pr-1 md:max-h-80 md:space-y-2">
          <div
            v-for="model in statsData.restrictions.restrictedModels"
            :key="model"
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/views/AccountsView.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/views/AccountsView.vue
@@ -141,6 +141,28 @@
              </el-tooltip>
            </div>

+            <!-- 刷新余额按钮 -->
+            <div class="relative">
+              <el-tooltip :content="refreshBalanceTooltip" effect="dark" placement="bottom">
+                <button
+                  class="group relative flex items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 shadow-sm transition-all duration-200 hover:border-gray-300 hover:shadow-md disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:border-gray-500 sm:w-auto"
+                  :disabled="accountsLoading || refreshingBalances || !canRefreshVisibleBalances"
+                  @click="refreshVisibleBalances"
+                >
+                  <div
+                    class="absolute -inset-0.5 rounded-lg bg-gradient-to-r from-blue-500 to-indigo-500 opacity-0 blur transition duration-300 group-hover:opacity-20"
+                  ></div>
+                  <i
+                    :class="[
+                      'fas relative text-blue-500',
+                      refreshingBalances ? 'fa-spinner fa-spin' : 'fa-wallet'
+                    ]"
+                  />
+                  <span class="relative">刷新余额</span>
+                </button>
+              </el-tooltip>
+            </div>
+
            <!-- 选择/取消选择按钮 -->
            <button
              class="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 shadow-sm transition-all duration-200 hover:border-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-50 hover:shadow-md dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-gray-700"
@@ -263,6 +285,11 @@
                >
                  今日使用
                </th>
+                <th
+                  class="min-w-[220px] px-3 py-4 text-left text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300"
+                >
+                  余额/配额
+                </th>
                <th
                  class="min-w-[210px] px-3 py-4 text-left text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-wider text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300"
                >
@@ -765,6 +792,31 @@
                  </div>
                  <div v-else class="text-xs text-gray-400">暂无数据</div>
                </td>
+                <td class="whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-4">
+                  <BalanceDisplay
+                    :account-id="account.id"
+                    :initial-balance="account.balanceInfo"
+                    :platform="account.platform"
+                    :query-mode="
+                      account.platform === 'gemini' && account.oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+                        ? 'auto'
+                        : 'local'
+                    "
+                    @error="(error) => handleBalanceError(account.id, error)"
+                    @refreshed="(data) => handleBalanceRefreshed(account.id, data)"
+                  />
+                  <div class="mt-1 text-xs">
+                    <button
+                      v-if="
+                        !(account.platform === 'gemini' && account.oauthProvider === 'antigravity')
+                      "
+                      class="text-blue-500 hover:underline dark:text-blue-300"
+                      @click="openBalanceScriptModal(account)"
+                    >
+                      配置余额脚本
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+                </td>
                <td class="whitespace-nowrap px-3 py-4">
                  <div v-if="account.platform === 'claude'" class="space-y-2">
                    <!-- OAuth 账户：显示三窗口 OAuth usage -->
@@ -1238,6 +1290,15 @@
                      <i class="fas fa-vial" />
                      <span class="ml-1">测试</span>
                    </button>
+                    <button
+                      v-if="canTestAccount(account)"
+                      class="rounded bg-amber-100 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs font-medium text-amber-700 transition-colors hover:bg-amber-200 dark:bg-amber-900/40 dark:text-amber-300 dark:hover:bg-amber-800/50"
+                      title="定时测试配置"
+                      @click="openScheduledTestModal(account)"
+                    >
+                      <i class="fas fa-clock" />
+                      <span class="ml-1">定时</span>
+                    </button>
                    <button
                      class="rounded bg-blue-100 px-2.5 py-1 text-xs font-medium text-blue-700 transition-colors hover:bg-blue-200"
                      title="编辑账户"
@@ -1416,6 +1477,32 @@
            </div>
          </div>

+          <!-- 余额/配额 -->
+          <div class="mb-3">
+            <p class="mb-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">余额/配额</p>
+            <BalanceDisplay
+              :account-id="account.id"
+              :initial-balance="account.balanceInfo"
+              :platform="account.platform"
+              :query-mode="
+                account.platform === 'gemini' && account.oauthProvider === 'antigravity'
+                  ? 'auto'
+                  : 'local'
+              "
+              @error="(error) => handleBalanceError(account.id, error)"
+              @refreshed="(data) => handleBalanceRefreshed(account.id, data)"
+            />
+            <div class="mt-1 text-xs">
+              <button
+                v-if="!(account.platform === 'gemini' && account.oauthProvider === 'antigravity')"
+                class="text-blue-500 hover:underline dark:text-blue-300"
+                @click="openBalanceScriptModal(account)"
+              >
+                配置余额脚本
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
          <!-- 状态信息 -->
          <div class="mb-3 space-y-2">
            <!-- 会话窗口 -->
@@ -1707,6 +1794,15 @@
              测试
            </button>

+            <button
+              v-if="canTestAccount(account)"
+              class="flex flex-1 items-center justify-center gap-1 rounded-lg bg-amber-50 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-amber-600 transition-colors hover:bg-amber-100 dark:bg-amber-900/40 dark:text-amber-300 dark:hover:bg-amber-800/50"
+              @click="openScheduledTestModal(account)"
+            >
+              <i class="fas fa-clock" />
+              定时
+            </button>
+
            <button
              class="flex-1 rounded-lg bg-gray-50 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-gray-600 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-100"
              @click="editAccount(account)"
@@ -1880,6 +1976,21 @@
      @close="closeAccountTestModal"
    />

+    <!-- 定时测试配置弹窗 -->
+    <AccountScheduledTestModal
+      :account="scheduledTestAccount"
+      :show="showScheduledTestModal"
+      @close="closeScheduledTestModal"
+      @saved="handleScheduledTestSaved"
+    />
+
+    <AccountBalanceScriptModal
+      :account="selectedAccountForScript"
+      :show="showBalanceScriptModal"
+      @close="closeBalanceScriptModal"
+      @saved="handleBalanceScriptSaved"
+    />
+
    <!-- 账户统计弹窗 -->
    <el-dialog
      v-model="showAccountStatsModal"
@@ -2032,9 +2143,12 @@ import CcrAccountForm from '@/components/accounts/CcrAccountForm.vue'
 import AccountUsageDetailModal from '@/components/accounts/AccountUsageDetailModal.vue'
 import AccountExpiryEditModal from '@/components/accounts/AccountExpiryEditModal.vue'
 import AccountTestModal from '@/components/accounts/AccountTestModal.vue'
+import AccountScheduledTestModal from '@/components/accounts/AccountScheduledTestModal.vue'
 import ConfirmModal from '@/components/common/ConfirmModal.vue'
 import CustomDropdown from '@/components/common/CustomDropdown.vue'
 import ActionDropdown from '@/components/common/ActionDropdown.vue'
+import BalanceDisplay from '@/components/accounts/BalanceDisplay.vue'
+import AccountBalanceScriptModal from '@/components/accounts/AccountBalanceScriptModal.vue'

 // 使用确认弹窗
 const { showConfirmModal, confirmOptions, showConfirm, handleConfirm, handleCancel } = useConfirm()
@@ -2042,6 +2156,7 @@ const { showConfirmModal, confirmOptions, showConfirm, handleConfirm, handleCanc
 // 数据状态
 const accounts = ref([])
 const accountsLoading = ref(false)
+const refreshingBalances = ref(false)
 const accountsSortBy = ref('name')
 const accountsSortOrder = ref('asc')
 const apiKeys = ref([]) // 保留用于其他功能（如删除账户时显示绑定信息）
@@ -2099,6 +2214,10 @@ const expiryEditModalRef = ref(null)
 const showAccountTestModal = ref(false)
 const testingAccount = ref(null)

+// 定时测试配置弹窗状态
+const showScheduledTestModal = ref(false)
+const scheduledTestAccount = ref(null)
+
 // 账户统计弹窗状态
 const showAccountStatsModal = ref(false)

@@ -2365,6 +2484,13 @@ const getAccountActions = (account) => {
      color: 'blue',
      handler: () => openAccountTestModal(account)
    })
+    actions.push({
+      key: 'scheduled-test',
+      label: '定时测试',
+      icon: 'fa-clock',
+      color: 'amber',
+      handler: () => openScheduledTestModal(account)
+    })
  }

  // 删除
@@ -2441,6 +2567,61 @@ const closeAccountTestModal = () => {
  testingAccount.value = null
 }

+// 定时测试配置相关函数
+const openScheduledTestModal = (account) => {
+  if (!canTestAccount(account)) {
+    showToast('该账户类型暂不支持定时测试', 'warning')
+    return
+  }
+  scheduledTestAccount.value = account
+  showScheduledTestModal.value = true
+}
+
+const closeScheduledTestModal = () => {
+  showScheduledTestModal.value = false
+  scheduledTestAccount.value = null
+}
+
+const handleScheduledTestSaved = () => {
+  showToast('定时测试配置已保存', 'success')
+}
+
+// 余额脚本配置
+const showBalanceScriptModal = ref(false)
+const selectedAccountForScript = ref(null)
+
+const openBalanceScriptModal = (account) => {
+  selectedAccountForScript.value = account
+  showBalanceScriptModal.value = true
+}
+
+const closeBalanceScriptModal = () => {
+  showBalanceScriptModal.value = false
+  selectedAccountForScript.value = null
+}
+
+const handleBalanceScriptSaved = async () => {
+  showToast('余额脚本已保存', 'success')
+  const account = selectedAccountForScript.value
+  closeBalanceScriptModal()
+
+  if (!account?.id || !account?.platform) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  // 重新拉取一次余额信息，用于刷新 scriptConfigured 状态（启用“刷新余额”按钮）
+  try {
+    const res = await apiClient.get(`/admin/accounts/${account.id}/balance`, {
+      params: { platform: account.platform, queryApi: false }
+    })
+    if (res?.success && res.data) {
+      handleBalanceRefreshed(account.id, res.data)
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.debug('Failed to reload balance after saving script:', error)
+  }
+}
+
 // 计算排序后的账户列表
 const sortedAccounts = computed(() => {
  let sourceAccounts = accounts.value
@@ -2711,6 +2892,104 @@ const paginatedAccounts = computed(() => {
  return sortedAccounts.value.slice(start, end)
 })

+const canRefreshVisibleBalances = computed(() => {
+  const targets = paginatedAccounts.value
+  if (!Array.isArray(targets) || targets.length === 0) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  return targets.some((account) => {
+    const info = account?.balanceInfo
+    return info?.scriptEnabled !== false && !!info?.scriptConfigured
+  })
+})
+
+const refreshBalanceTooltip = computed(() => {
+  if (accountsLoading.value) return '正在加载账户...'
+  if (refreshingBalances.value) return '刷新中...'
+  if (!canRefreshVisibleBalances.value) return '当前页未配置余额脚本，无法刷新'
+  return '刷新当前页余额（仅对已配置余额脚本的账户生效）'
+})
+
+// 余额刷新成功回调
+const handleBalanceRefreshed = (accountId, balanceInfo) => {
+  accounts.value = accounts.value.map((account) => {
+    if (account.id !== accountId) return account
+    return { ...account, balanceInfo }
+  })
+}
+
+// 余额请求错误回调（仅提示，不中断页面）
+const handleBalanceError = (_accountId, error) => {
+  const message = error?.message || '余额查询失败'
+  showToast(message, 'error')
+}
+
+// 批量刷新当前页余额（触发查询）
+const refreshVisibleBalances = async () => {
+  if (refreshingBalances.value) return
+
+  const targets = paginatedAccounts.value
+  if (!targets || targets.length === 0) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const eligibleTargets = targets.filter((account) => {
+    const info = account?.balanceInfo
+    return info?.scriptEnabled !== false && !!info?.scriptConfigured
+  })
+
+  if (eligibleTargets.length === 0) {
+    showToast('当前页没有配置余额脚本的账户', 'warning')
+    return
+  }
+
+  const skippedCount = targets.length - eligibleTargets.length
+
+  refreshingBalances.value = true
+  try {
+    const results = await Promise.all(
+      eligibleTargets.map(async (account) => {
+        try {
+          const response = await apiClient.post(`/admin/accounts/${account.id}/balance/refresh`, {
+            platform: account.platform
+          })
+          return { id: account.id, success: !!response?.success, data: response?.data || null }
+        } catch (error) {
+          return { id: account.id, success: false, error: error?.message || '刷新失败' }
+        }
+      })
+    )
+
+    const updatedMap = results.reduce((map, item) => {
+      if (item.success && item.data) {
+        map[item.id] = item.data
+      }
+      return map
+    }, {})
+
+    const successCount = results.filter((r) => r.success).length
+    const failCount = results.length - successCount
+
+    const skippedText = skippedCount > 0 ? `，跳过 ${skippedCount} 个未配置脚本` : ''
+    if (Object.keys(updatedMap).length > 0) {
+      accounts.value = accounts.value.map((account) => {
+        const balanceInfo = updatedMap[account.id]
+        if (!balanceInfo) return account
+        return { ...account, balanceInfo }
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (failCount === 0) {
+      showToast(`成功刷新 ${successCount} 个账户余额${skippedText}`, 'success')
+    } else {
+      showToast(`刷新完成：${successCount} 成功，${failCount} 失败${skippedText}`, 'warning')
+    }
+  } finally {
+    refreshingBalances.value = false
+  }
+}
+
 const updateSelectAllState = () => {
  const currentIds = paginatedAccounts.value.map((account) => account.id)
  const selectedInCurrentPage = currentIds.filter((id) =>
@@ -2761,6 +3040,54 @@ const cleanupSelectedAccounts = () => {
  updateSelectAllState()
 }

+// 异步加载余额缓存（按平台批量拉取，避免逐行请求）
+const loadBalanceCacheForAccounts = async () => {
+  const current = accounts.value
+  if (!Array.isArray(current) || current.length === 0) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const platforms = Array.from(new Set(current.map((acc) => acc.platform).filter(Boolean)))
+  if (platforms.length === 0) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const responses = await Promise.all(
+    platforms.map(async (platform) => {
+      try {
+        const res = await apiClient.get(`/admin/accounts/balance/platform/${platform}`, {
+          params: { queryApi: false }
+        })
+        return { platform, success: !!res?.success, data: res?.data || [] }
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.debug(`Failed to load balance cache for ${platform}:`, error)
+        return { platform, success: false, data: [] }
+      }
+    })
+  )
+
+  const balanceMap = responses.reduce((map, item) => {
+    if (!item.success) return map
+    const list = Array.isArray(item.data) ? item.data : []
+    list.forEach((entry) => {
+      const accountId = entry?.data?.accountId
+      if (accountId) {
+        map[accountId] = entry.data
+      }
+    })
+    return map
+  }, {})
+
+  if (Object.keys(balanceMap).length === 0) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  accounts.value = accounts.value.map((account) => ({
+    ...account,
+    balanceInfo: balanceMap[account.id] || account.balanceInfo || null
+  }))
+}
+
 // 加载账户列表
 const loadAccounts = async (forceReload = false) => {
  accountsLoading.value = true
@@ -2953,6 +3280,11 @@ const loadAccounts = async (forceReload = false) => {
        console.debug('Claude usage loading failed:', err)
      })
    }
+
+    // 异步加载余额缓存（按平台批量）
+    loadBalanceCacheForAccounts().catch((err) => {
+      console.debug('Balance cache loading failed:', err)
+    })
  } catch (error) {
    showToast('加载账户失败', 'error')
  } finally {
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/views/BalanceScriptsView.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/views/BalanceScriptsView.vue
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+<template>
+  <div class="space-y-6">
+    <div class="flex flex-col gap-4 lg:flex-row">
+      <div class="glass-strong flex-1 rounded-2xl p-4 shadow-lg">
+        <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+          <div>
+            <div class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">脚本余额配置</div>
+            <div class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              使用自定义脚本 + 模板变量适配任意余额接口
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="flex gap-2">
+            <button
+              class="rounded-lg bg-gray-100 px-3 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 transition hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200 dark:hover:bg-gray-600"
+              @click="loadConfig"
+            >
+              重新加载
+            </button>
+            <button
+              class="rounded-lg bg-indigo-600 px-4 py-2 text-sm font-semibold text-white transition hover:bg-indigo-700"
+              :disabled="saving"
+              @click="saveConfig"
+            >
+              <span v-if="saving">保存中...</span>
+              <span v-else>保存配置</span>
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
+          <div class="space-y-2">
+            <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">API Key</label>
+            <input v-model="form.apiKey" class="input-text" placeholder="sk-xxxx" type="text" />
+          </div>
+          <div class="space-y-2">
+            <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">
+              请求地址（baseUrl）
+            </label>
+            <input
+              v-model="form.baseUrl"
+              class="input-text"
+              placeholder="https://api.example.com"
+              type="text"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div class="space-y-2">
+            <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200"
+              >Token（可选）</label
+            >
+            <input v-model="form.token" class="input-text" placeholder="Bearer token" type="text" />
+          </div>
+          <div class="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3">
+            <div class="space-y-2">
+              <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200"
+                >超时时间(秒)</label
+              >
+              <input
+                v-model.number="form.timeoutSeconds"
+                class="input-text"
+                min="1"
+                type="number"
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div class="space-y-2">
+              <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">
+                自动查询间隔(分钟)
+              </label>
+              <input
+                v-model.number="form.autoIntervalMinutes"
+                class="input-text"
+                min="0"
+                type="number"
+              />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="md:col-span-2">
+            <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">模板变量</label>
+            <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              可用变量：{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}baseUrl{{ '}' }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}apiKey{{ '}'
+              }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}token{{ '}' }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}accountId{{
+                '}'
+              }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}platform{{ '}' }}{{ '}' }}、{{ '{' }}{{ '{' }}extra{{
+                '}'
+              }}{{ '}' }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="glass-strong w-full max-w-xl rounded-2xl p-4 shadow-lg">
+        <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+          <div>
+            <div class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">测试脚本</div>
+            <div class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              填入账号上下文（可选），调试 extractor 输出
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            class="rounded-lg bg-blue-600 px-4 py-2 text-sm font-semibold text-white transition hover:bg-blue-700"
+            :disabled="testing"
+            @click="testScript"
+          >
+            <span v-if="testing">测试中...</span>
+            <span v-else>测试脚本</span>
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        <div class="grid gap-3">
+          <div class="space-y-1">
+            <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">平台</label>
+            <input v-model="testForm.platform" class="input-text" placeholder="例如 claude" />
+          </div>
+          <div class="space-y-1">
+            <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">账号ID</label>
+            <input v-model="testForm.accountId" class="input-text" placeholder="账号标识，可选" />
+          </div>
+          <div class="space-y-1">
+            <label class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200"
+              >额外参数 (extra)</label
+            >
+            <input v-model="testForm.extra" class="input-text" placeholder="可选" />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div v-if="testResult" class="mt-4 space-y-2 rounded-xl bg-gray-50 p-3 dark:bg-gray-800/60">
+          <div class="flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
+            <span class="font-semibold text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100">测试结果</span>
+            <span
+              :class="[
+                'rounded px-2 py-0.5 text-xs',
+                testResult.mapped?.status === 'success'
+                  ? 'bg-emerald-100 text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/40 dark:text-emerald-200'
+                  : 'bg-red-100 text-red-700 dark:bg-red-900/40 dark:text-red-200'
+              ]"
+            >
+              {{ testResult.mapped?.status || 'unknown' }}
+            </span>
+          </div>
+          <div class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
+            <div>余额: {{ displayAmount(testResult.mapped?.balance) }}</div>
+            <div>单位: {{ testResult.mapped?.currency || '—' }}</div>
+            <div v-if="testResult.mapped?.planName">套餐: {{ testResult.mapped.planName }}</div>
+            <div v-if="testResult.mapped?.errorMessage" class="text-red-500">
+              错误: {{ testResult.mapped.errorMessage }}
+            </div>
+            <div v-if="testResult.mapped?.quota">
+              配额: {{ JSON.stringify(testResult.mapped.quota) }}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <details class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            <summary class="cursor-pointer">查看 extractor 输出</summary>
+            <pre class="mt-2 overflow-auto rounded bg-black/70 p-2 text-[11px] text-gray-100"
+              >{{ formatJson(testResult.extracted) }}
+</pre
+            >
+          </details>
+          <details class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            <summary class="cursor-pointer">查看原始响应</summary>
+            <pre class="mt-2 overflow-auto rounded bg-black/70 p-2 text-[11px] text-gray-100"
+              >{{ formatJson(testResult.response) }}
+</pre
+            >
+          </details>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="glass-strong rounded-2xl p-4 shadow-lg">
+      <div class="mb-2 flex items-center justify-between">
+        <div>
+          <div class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">提取器代码</div>
+          <div class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            返回对象需包含 request、extractor；支持模板变量替换
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <button
+          class="rounded-lg bg-gray-100 px-3 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 transition hover:bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200 dark:hover:bg-gray-600"
+          @click="applyPreset"
+        >
+          使用示例模板
+        </button>
+      </div>
+      <textarea
+        v-model="form.scriptBody"
+        class="min-h-[320px] w-full rounded-xl bg-gray-900 font-mono text-sm text-gray-100 shadow-inner focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500"
+        spellcheck="false"
+      ></textarea>
+      <div class="mt-2 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+        extractor
+        返回字段（可选）：isValid、invalidMessage、remaining、unit、planName、total、used、extra
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<script setup>
+import { onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
+import { apiClient } from '@/config/api'
+import { showToast } from '@/utils/toast'
+
+const form = reactive({
+  baseUrl: '',
+  apiKey: '',
+  token: '',
+  timeoutSeconds: 10,
+  autoIntervalMinutes: 0,
+  scriptBody: ''
+})
+
+const testForm = reactive({
+  platform: '',
+  accountId: '',
+  extra: ''
+})
+
+const saving = ref(false)
+const testing = ref(false)
+const testResult = ref(null)
+
+const presetScript = `({
+  request: {
+    url: "{{baseUrl}}/user/balance",
+    method: "GET",
+    headers: {
+      "Authorization": "Bearer {{apiKey}}",
+      "User-Agent": "cc-switch/1.0"
+    }
+  },
+  extractor: function(response) {
+    return {
+      isValid: response.is_active || true,
+      remaining: response.balance,
+      unit: "USD",
+      planName: response.plan || "默认套餐"
+    };
+  }
+})`
+
+const loadConfig = async () => {
+  try {
+    const res = await apiClient.get('/admin/balance-scripts/default')
+    if (res?.success && res.data) {
+      Object.assign(form, res.data)
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    showToast('加载配置失败', 'error')
+  }
+}
+
+const saveConfig = async () => {
+  saving.value = true
+  try {
+    const payload = { ...form }
+    await apiClient.put('/admin/balance-scripts/default', payload)
+    showToast('配置已保存', 'success')
+  } catch (error) {
+    showToast(error.message || '保存失败', 'error')
+  } finally {
+    saving.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const testScript = async () => {
+  testing.value = true
+  testResult.value = null
+  try {
+    const payload = {
+      ...form,
+      ...testForm,
+      scriptBody: form.scriptBody
+    }
+    const res = await apiClient.post('/admin/balance-scripts/default/test', payload)
+    if (res?.success) {
+      testResult.value = res.data
+      showToast('测试完成', 'success')
+    } else {
+      showToast(res?.error || '测试失败', 'error')
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    showToast(error.message || '测试失败', 'error')
+  } finally {
+    testing.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const applyPreset = () => {
+  form.scriptBody = presetScript
+}
+
+const displayAmount = (val) => {
+  if (val === null || val === undefined || Number.isNaN(Number(val))) return '—'
+  return Number(val).toFixed(2)
+}
+
+const formatJson = (data) => {
+  try {
+    return JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)
+  } catch (error) {
+    return String(data)
+  }
+}
+
+onMounted(() => {
+  applyPreset()
+  loadConfig()
+})
+</script>
+
+<style scoped>
+.input-text {
+  @apply w-full rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm text-gray-800 shadow-sm transition focus:border-indigo-400 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-200 dark:border-gray-700 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-100 dark:focus:border-indigo-500 dark:focus:ring-indigo-600;
+}
+</style>
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/views/DashboardView.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/views/DashboardView.vue
@@ -196,6 +196,105 @@
      </div>
    </div>

+    <!-- 账户余额/配额汇总 -->
+    <div class="mb-4 grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:mb-6 sm:grid-cols-2 sm:gap-4 md:mb-8 md:gap-6">
+      <div class="stat-card">
+        <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
+          <div>
+            <p class="mb-1 text-xs font-semibold text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 sm:text-sm">
+              账户余额/配额
+            </p>
+            <p class="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 sm:text-3xl">
+              {{ formatCurrencyUsd(balanceSummary.totalBalance || 0) }}
+            </p>
+            <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+              低余额: {{ balanceSummary.lowBalanceCount || 0 }} | 总成本:
+              {{ formatCurrencyUsd(balanceSummary.totalCost || 0) }}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <div class="stat-icon flex-shrink-0 bg-gradient-to-br from-emerald-500 to-green-600">
+            <i class="fas fa-wallet" />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="mt-3 flex items-center justify-between gap-3">
+          <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            更新时间: {{ formatLastUpdate(balanceSummaryUpdatedAt) }}
+          </p>
+          <button
+            class="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-white px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-gray-700 shadow-sm transition-all duration-200 hover:border-gray-300 hover:shadow-md disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:border-gray-500"
+            :disabled="loadingBalanceSummary"
+            @click="loadBalanceSummary"
+          >
+            <i :class="['fas', loadingBalanceSummary ? 'fa-spinner fa-spin' : 'fa-sync-alt']" />
+            刷新
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="card p-4 sm:p-6">
+        <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+          <h3 class="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">低余额账户</h3>
+          <span class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+            {{ lowBalanceAccounts.length }} 个
+          </span>
+        </div>
+
+        <div
+          v-if="loadingBalanceSummary"
+          class="py-6 text-center text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400"
+        >
+          正在加载...
+        </div>
+        <div
+          v-else-if="lowBalanceAccounts.length === 0"
+          class="py-6 text-center text-sm text-green-600 dark:text-green-400"
+        >
+          全部正常
+        </div>
+        <div v-else class="max-h-64 space-y-2 overflow-y-auto">
+          <div
+            v-for="account in lowBalanceAccounts"
+            :key="account.accountId"
+            class="rounded-lg border border-red-200 bg-red-50 p-3 dark:border-red-900/60 dark:bg-red-900/20"
+          >
+            <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2">
+              <div class="truncate text-sm font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">
+                {{ account.name || account.accountId }}
+              </div>
+              <span
+                class="rounded bg-gray-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-xs text-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300"
+              >
+                {{ getBalancePlatformLabel(account.platform) }}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+            <div class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">
+              <span v-if="account.balance">余额: {{ account.balance.formattedAmount }}</span>
+              <span v-else
+                >今日成本: {{ formatCurrencyUsd(account.statistics?.dailyCost || 0) }}</span
+              >
+            </div>
+            <div v-if="account.quota && typeof account.quota.percentage === 'number'" class="mt-2">
+              <div
+                class="mb-1 flex items-center justify-between text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
+              >
+                <span>配额使用</span>
+                <span class="text-red-600 dark:text-red-400">
+                  {{ account.quota.percentage.toFixed(1) }}%
+                </span>
+              </div>
+              <div class="h-2 w-full rounded-full bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700">
+                <div
+                  class="h-2 rounded-full bg-red-500"
+                  :style="{ width: `${Math.min(100, account.quota.percentage)}%` }"
+                ></div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
    <!-- Token统计和性能指标 -->
    <div
      class="mb-4 grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:mb-6 sm:grid-cols-2 sm:gap-4 md:mb-8 md:gap-6 lg:grid-cols-4"
@@ -681,6 +780,8 @@ import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch, nextTick, computed } from 'vue'
 import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
 import { useDashboardStore } from '@/stores/dashboard'
 import { useThemeStore } from '@/stores/theme'
+import { apiClient } from '@/config/api'
+import { showToast } from '@/utils/toast'
 import Chart from 'chart.js/auto'

 const dashboardStore = useDashboardStore()
@@ -732,6 +833,97 @@ const accountGroupOptions = [

 const accountTrendUpdating = ref(false)

+// 余额/配额汇总
+const balanceSummary = ref({
+  totalBalance: 0,
+  totalCost: 0,
+  lowBalanceCount: 0,
+  platforms: {}
+})
+const loadingBalanceSummary = ref(false)
+const balanceSummaryUpdatedAt = ref(null)
+
+const getBalancePlatformLabel = (platform) => {
+  const map = {
+    claude: 'Claude',
+    'claude-console': 'Claude Console',
+    gemini: 'Gemini',
+    'gemini-api': 'Gemini API',
+    openai: 'OpenAI',
+    'openai-responses': 'OpenAI Responses',
+    azure_openai: 'Azure OpenAI',
+    bedrock: 'Bedrock',
+    droid: 'Droid',
+    ccr: 'CCR'
+  }
+  return map[platform] || platform
+}
+
+const lowBalanceAccounts = computed(() => {
+  const result = []
+  const platforms = balanceSummary.value?.platforms || {}
+
+  Object.entries(platforms).forEach(([platform, data]) => {
+    const list = Array.isArray(data?.accounts) ? data.accounts : []
+    list.forEach((entry) => {
+      const accountData = entry?.data
+      if (!accountData) return
+
+      const amount = accountData.balance?.amount
+      const percentage = accountData.quota?.percentage
+
+      const isLowBalance = typeof amount === 'number' && amount < 10
+      const isHighUsage = typeof percentage === 'number' && percentage > 90
+
+      if (isLowBalance || isHighUsage) {
+        result.push({
+          ...accountData,
+          name: entry?.name || accountData.accountId,
+          platform: accountData.platform || platform
+        })
+      }
+    })
+  })
+
+  return result
+})
+
+const formatCurrencyUsd = (amount) => {
+  const value = Number(amount)
+  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return '$0.00'
+  if (value >= 1) return `$${value.toFixed(2)}`
+  if (value >= 0.01) return `$${value.toFixed(3)}`
+  return `$${value.toFixed(6)}`
+}
+
+const formatLastUpdate = (isoString) => {
+  if (!isoString) return '未知'
+  const date = new Date(isoString)
+  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) return '未知'
+  return date.toLocaleTimeString('zh-CN', { hour: '2-digit', minute: '2-digit' })
+}
+
+const loadBalanceSummary = async () => {
+  loadingBalanceSummary.value = true
+  try {
+    const response = await apiClient.get('/admin/accounts/balance/summary')
+    if (response?.success) {
+      balanceSummary.value = response.data || {
+        totalBalance: 0,
+        totalCost: 0,
+        lowBalanceCount: 0,
+        platforms: {}
+      }
+      balanceSummaryUpdatedAt.value = new Date().toISOString()
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.debug('加载余额汇总失败:', error)
+    showToast('加载余额汇总失败', 'error')
+  } finally {
+    loadingBalanceSummary.value = false
+  }
+}
+
 // 自动刷新相关
 const autoRefreshEnabled = ref(false)
 const autoRefreshInterval = ref(30) // 秒
@@ -1488,7 +1680,7 @@ async function refreshAllData() {

  isRefreshing.value = true
  try {
-    await Promise.all([loadDashboardData(), refreshChartsData()])
+    await Promise.all([loadDashboardData(), refreshChartsData(), loadBalanceSummary()])
  } finally {
    isRefreshing.value = false
  }
--- a/web/admin-spa/src/views/SettingsView.vue
+++ b/web/admin-spa/src/views/SettingsView.vue
@@ -898,6 +898,120 @@
              </div>
            </div>

+            <!-- 并发请求排队 -->
+            <div
+              class="mb-6 rounded-lg bg-white/80 p-6 shadow-lg backdrop-blur-sm dark:bg-gray-800/80"
+            >
+              <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
+                <div class="flex items-center">
+                  <div
+                    class="flex h-12 w-12 items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-gradient-to-r from-blue-500 to-cyan-500 text-white shadow-lg"
+                  >
+                    <i class="fas fa-layer-group text-xl"></i>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="ml-4">
+                    <h4 class="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
+                      并发请求排队
+                    </h4>
+                    <p class="text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                      当 API Key 并发请求超限时进入队列等待，而非直接拒绝
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <label class="relative inline-flex cursor-pointer items-center">
+                  <input
+                    v-model="claudeConfig.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled"
+                    class="peer sr-only"
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    @change="saveClaudeConfig"
+                  />
+                  <div
+                    class="peer h-6 w-11 rounded-full bg-gray-200 after:absolute after:left-[2px] after:top-[2px] after:h-5 after:w-5 after:rounded-full after:border after:border-gray-300 after:bg-white after:transition-all after:content-[''] peer-checked:bg-blue-500 peer-checked:after:translate-x-full peer-checked:after:border-white peer-focus:outline-none peer-focus:ring-4 peer-focus:ring-blue-300 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:peer-focus:ring-blue-800"
+                  ></div>
+                </label>
+              </div>
+
+              <!-- 排队配置详情（仅在启用时显示） -->
+              <div v-if="claudeConfig.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled" class="mt-6 space-y-4">
+                <!-- 固定最小排队数 -->
+                <div>
+                  <label class="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                    <i class="fas fa-list-ol mr-2 text-gray-400"></i>
+                    固定最小排队数
+                  </label>
+                  <input
+                    v-model.number="claudeConfig.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize"
+                    class="mt-1 block w-full max-w-xs rounded-lg border border-gray-300 bg-white px-3 py-2 shadow-sm focus:border-blue-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500/20 dark:border-gray-500 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-white sm:text-sm"
+                    max="100"
+                    min="1"
+                    placeholder="3"
+                    type="number"
+                    @change="saveClaudeConfig"
+                  />
+                  <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                    最大排队数的固定最小值（1-100）
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+
+                <!-- 排队数倍数 -->
+                <div>
+                  <label class="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                    <i class="fas fa-times mr-2 text-gray-400"></i>
+                    排队数倍数
+                  </label>
+                  <input
+                    v-model.number="claudeConfig.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier"
+                    class="mt-1 block w-full max-w-xs rounded-lg border border-gray-300 bg-white px-3 py-2 shadow-sm focus:border-blue-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500/20 dark:border-gray-500 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-white sm:text-sm"
+                    max="10"
+                    min="0"
+                    placeholder="1"
+                    step="0.5"
+                    type="number"
+                    @change="saveClaudeConfig"
+                  />
+                  <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                    最大排队数 = MAX(倍数 × 并发限制, 固定值)，设为 0 则仅使用固定值
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+
+                <!-- 排队超时时间 -->
+                <div>
+                  <label class="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">
+                    <i class="fas fa-stopwatch mr-2 text-gray-400"></i>
+                    排队超时时间（毫秒）
+                  </label>
+                  <input
+                    v-model.number="claudeConfig.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs"
+                    class="mt-1 block w-full max-w-xs rounded-lg border border-gray-300 bg-white px-3 py-2 shadow-sm focus:border-blue-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500/20 dark:border-gray-500 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-white sm:text-sm"
+                    max="300000"
+                    min="5000"
+                    placeholder="10000"
+                    type="number"
+                    @change="saveClaudeConfig"
+                  />
+                  <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
+                    请求在排队中等待的最大时间，超时将返回 429 错误（5秒-5分钟，默认10秒）
+                  </p>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div class="mt-4 rounded-lg bg-blue-50 p-4 dark:bg-blue-900/20">
+                <div class="flex">
+                  <i class="fas fa-info-circle mt-0.5 text-blue-500"></i>
+                  <div class="ml-3">
+                    <p class="text-sm text-blue-700 dark:text-blue-300">
+                      <strong>工作原理：</strong>当 API Key 的并发请求超过
+                      <code class="rounded bg-blue-100 px-1 dark:bg-blue-800"
+                        >concurrencyLimit</code
+                      >
+                      时，超限请求会进入队列等待而非直接返回 429。适合 Claude Code Agent
+                      并行工具调用场景。
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
            <!-- 配置更新信息 -->
            <div
              v-if="claudeConfig.updatedAt"
@@ -1563,9 +1677,13 @@ const claudeConfig = ref({
  globalSessionBindingEnabled: false,
  sessionBindingErrorMessage: '你的本地session已污染，请清理后使用。',
  sessionBindingTtlDays: 30,
-  userMessageQueueEnabled: true,
+  userMessageQueueEnabled: false, // 与后端默认值保持一致
  userMessageQueueDelayMs: 200,
-  userMessageQueueTimeoutMs: 30000,
+  userMessageQueueTimeoutMs: 5000, // 与后端默认值保持一致（优化后锁持有时间短无需长等待）
+  concurrentRequestQueueEnabled: false,
+  concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize: 3,
+  concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier: 0,
+  concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs: 10000,
  updatedAt: null,
  updatedBy: null
 })
@@ -1835,9 +1953,14 @@ const loadClaudeConfig = async () => {
        sessionBindingErrorMessage:
          response.config?.sessionBindingErrorMessage || '你的本地session已污染，请清理后使用。',
        sessionBindingTtlDays: response.config?.sessionBindingTtlDays ?? 30,
-        userMessageQueueEnabled: response.config?.userMessageQueueEnabled ?? true,
+        userMessageQueueEnabled: response.config?.userMessageQueueEnabled ?? false, // 与后端默认值保持一致
        userMessageQueueDelayMs: response.config?.userMessageQueueDelayMs ?? 200,
-        userMessageQueueTimeoutMs: response.config?.userMessageQueueTimeoutMs ?? 30000,
+        userMessageQueueTimeoutMs: response.config?.userMessageQueueTimeoutMs ?? 5000, // 与后端默认值保持一致
+        concurrentRequestQueueEnabled: response.config?.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled ?? false,
+        concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize: response.config?.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize ?? 3,
+        concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier:
+          response.config?.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier ?? 0,
+        concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs: response.config?.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs ?? 10000,
        updatedAt: response.config?.updatedAt || null,
        updatedBy: response.config?.updatedBy || null
      }
@@ -1865,7 +1988,12 @@ const saveClaudeConfig = async () => {
      sessionBindingTtlDays: claudeConfig.value.sessionBindingTtlDays,
      userMessageQueueEnabled: claudeConfig.value.userMessageQueueEnabled,
      userMessageQueueDelayMs: claudeConfig.value.userMessageQueueDelayMs,
-      userMessageQueueTimeoutMs: claudeConfig.value.userMessageQueueTimeoutMs
+      userMessageQueueTimeoutMs: claudeConfig.value.userMessageQueueTimeoutMs,
+      concurrentRequestQueueEnabled: claudeConfig.value.concurrentRequestQueueEnabled,
+      concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize: claudeConfig.value.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSize,
+      concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier:
+        claudeConfig.value.concurrentRequestQueueMaxSizeMultiplier,
+      concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs: claudeConfig.value.concurrentRequestQueueTimeoutMs
    }

    const response = await apiClient.put('/admin/claude-relay-config', payload, {
@@ -1 +1 @@
 .1.232
 .1.254