fix(cron): honor maxConcurrentRuns in timer loop (openclaw#22413) thanks @Takhoffman

Verified:
- pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
- pnpm build
- pnpm check
- pnpm test:macmini (failed on unrelated baseline test: src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts > throws when sqlite index is busy)

Co-authored-by: Takhoffman <781889+Takhoffman@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tak Hoffman <781889+Takhoffman@users.noreply.github.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- Cron: honor `cron.maxConcurrentRuns` in the timer loop so due jobs can execute up to the configured parallelism instead of always running serially. (#11595) Thanks @Takhoffman.
 - Agents/Compaction: restore embedded compaction safeguard/context-pruning extension loading in production by wiring bundled extension factories into the resource loader instead of runtime file-path resolution. (#22349) Thanks @Glucksberg.
 - Auto-reply/Tools: forward `senderIsOwner` through embedded queued/followup runner params so owner-only tools remain available for authorized senders. (#22296) thanks @hcoj.
 - Agents/Subagents: restore announce-chain delivery to agent injection, defer nested announce output until descendant follow-up content is ready, and prevent descendant deferrals from consuming announce retry budget so deep chains do not drop final completions. (#22223) Thanks @tyler6204.

src/cron/service.issue-regressions.test.ts

@@ -755,4 +755,61 @@ describe("Cron issue regressions", () => {
     expect(secondDone?.state.lastDurationMs).toBe(20);
     expect(startedAtEvents).toEqual([dueAt, dueAt + 50]);
   });
+
+  it("honors cron maxConcurrentRuns for due jobs", async () => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+    const store = await makeStorePath();
+    const dueAt = Date.parse("2026-02-06T10:05:01.000Z");
+    const first = createDueIsolatedJob({ id: "parallel-first", nowMs: dueAt, nextRunAtMs: dueAt });
+    const second = createDueIsolatedJob({
+      id: "parallel-second",
+      nowMs: dueAt,
+      nextRunAtMs: dueAt,
+    });
+    await fs.writeFile(
+      store.storePath,
+      JSON.stringify({ version: 1, jobs: [first, second] }, null, 2),
+      "utf-8",
+    );
+
+    let now = dueAt;
+    let activeRuns = 0;
+    let peakActiveRuns = 0;
+    const firstRun = createDeferred<{ status: "ok"; summary: string }>();
+    const secondRun = createDeferred<{ status: "ok"; summary: string }>();
+    const state = createCronServiceState({
+      cronEnabled: true,
+      storePath: store.storePath,
+      cronConfig: { maxConcurrentRuns: 2 },
+      log: noopLogger,
+      nowMs: () => now,
+      enqueueSystemEvent: vi.fn(),
+      requestHeartbeatNow: vi.fn(),
+      runIsolatedAgentJob: vi.fn(async (params: { job: { id: string } }) => {
+        activeRuns += 1;
+        peakActiveRuns = Math.max(peakActiveRuns, activeRuns);
+        try {
+          const result =
+            params.job.id === first.id ? await firstRun.promise : await secondRun.promise;
+          now += 10;
+          return result;
+        } finally {
+          activeRuns -= 1;
+        }
+      }),
+    });
+
+    const timerPromise = onTimer(state);
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
+
+    expect(peakActiveRuns).toBe(2);
+
+    firstRun.resolve({ status: "ok", summary: "first done" });
+    secondRun.resolve({ status: "ok", summary: "second done" });
+    await timerPromise;
+
+    const jobs = state.store?.jobs ?? [];
+    expect(jobs.find((job) => job.id === first.id)?.state.lastStatus).toBe("ok");
+    expect(jobs.find((job) => job.id === second.id)?.state.lastStatus).toBe("ok");
+  });
 });

src/cron/service/timer.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ type TimedCronRunOutcome = CronRunOutcome &
     endedAt: number;
   };
 
+function resolveRunConcurrency(state: CronServiceState): number {
+  const raw = state.deps.cronConfig?.maxConcurrentRuns;
+  if (typeof raw !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(raw)) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return Math.max(1, Math.floor(raw));
+}
 /**
  * Exponential backoff delays (in ms) indexed by consecutive error count.
  * After the last entry the delay stays constant.
@@ -236,9 +243,11 @@ export async function onTimer(state: CronServiceState) {
       }));
     });
 
-    const results: TimedCronRunOutcome[] = [];
-
-    for (const { id, job } of dueJobs) {
+    const runDueJob = async (params: {
+      id: string;
+      job: CronJob;
+    }): Promise<TimedCronRunOutcome> => {
+      const { id, job } = params;
       const startedAt = state.deps.nowMs();
       job.state.runningAtMs = startedAt;
       emit(state, { jobId: job.id, action: "started", runAtMs: startedAt });
@@ -276,27 +285,49 @@ export async function onTimer(state: CronServiceState) {
                 }
               })()
             : await executeJobCore(state, job);
-        results.push({ jobId: id, ...result, startedAt, endedAt: state.deps.nowMs() });
+        return { jobId: id, ...result, startedAt, endedAt: state.deps.nowMs() };
       } catch (err) {
         state.deps.log.warn(
           { jobId: id, jobName: job.name, timeoutMs: jobTimeoutMs ?? null },
           `cron: job failed: ${String(err)}`,
         );
-        results.push({
+        return {
           jobId: id,
           status: "error",
           error: String(err),
           startedAt,
           endedAt: state.deps.nowMs(),
-        });
+        };
       }
-    }
+    };
 
-    if (results.length > 0) {
+    const concurrency = Math.min(resolveRunConcurrency(state), Math.max(1, dueJobs.length));
+    const results: (TimedCronRunOutcome | undefined)[] = Array.from({ length: dueJobs.length });
+    let cursor = 0;
+    const workers = Array.from({ length: concurrency }, async () => {
+      for (;;) {
+        const index = cursor++;
+        if (index >= dueJobs.length) {
+          return;
+        }
+        const due = dueJobs[index];
+        if (!due) {
+          return;
+        }
+        results[index] = await runDueJob(due);
+      }
+    });
+    await Promise.all(workers);
+
+    const completedResults: TimedCronRunOutcome[] = results.filter(
+      (entry): entry is TimedCronRunOutcome => entry !== undefined,
+    );
+
+    if (completedResults.length > 0) {
       await locked(state, async () => {
         await ensureLoaded(state, { forceReload: true, skipRecompute: true });
 
-        for (const result of results) {
+        for (const result of completedResults) {
           const job = state.store?.jobs.find((j) => j.id === result.jobId);
           if (!job) {
             continue;